• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.113-115
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• 2005

In this paper, we present POSSDM (POSTECH Situation-Based Dialogue Manager) for a spoken dialogue system using a new example and situation-based dialogue management techniques for effective generation of appropriate system responses. Spoken dialogue system should generate cooperative responses to smoothly control dialogue flow with the users. We introduce a new dialogue management technique incorporating dialogue examples and situation-based rules for EPG (Electronic Program Guide) domain. For the system response inference, we automatically construct and index a dialogue example database from dialogue corpus, and the best dialogue example is retrieved for a proper system response with the query from a dialogue situation including a current user utterance, dialogue act, and discourse history. When dialogue corpus is not enough to cover the domain, we also apply manually constructed situation-based rules mainly for meta-level dialogue management.

• 인지과학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2000

인간의 자연스러운 대화에서는 생략 현상이 빈번하게 일어난다. 생략 어구로부터 화자의 의도를 파악하는 것은 쉽지가 않다. 생략 어구 자체만 가지고는 그것의 의미와 화자의 의도를 파악하기 힘들며 이전 발화들로부터 구성된, 혹은 영역에 내재된 맥락과의 연관성을 살펴보아야 하기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 Lambert가 제안한 3단계 계획기반 대화이해모델을 확장함으로써 한국어 대화에서 나타나는 생략 어구로부터 화자의 의도를 인식하는 모델을 제안한다. 먼저 Lambert의 모델에서 고려하지 않은, 생략 어구 형태의 발화를 통해 화자가 의도하는 담화 행위를 새로운 담화 recipe로 정의하여 추가하였다. 한국어에서는 조사가 화자의 의도를 나타내므로 이러한 특성을 이용하여 생략어구를 표층 화행으로 표현할 때, 조사 정보를 포함하여 화자의 의도 인식을 용이하게 함을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 객체와 초점화 이론을 제안하여, 생략 어구를 통해서 화자가 두 개의 계획을 비교하여 고려하는 의도를 인식할 수 있도록 했다.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제39권
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• pp.69-101
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• 2007

방송광고는 표현행위의 일종으로서 헌법 제21조에 따라 보호받는 기본권 영역이다. 그러나 영리추구를 위한 경제적 행위의 일부로도 간주되기 때문에, 일정 정도 국가의 규제는 불가피하고, 전파를 사용한다는 점에서 다른 표현양식에 비해 보다 엄격한 규제를 받아야 한다. 그러나 방송광고에 대한 정부의 엄격한 통제는 상업적 정보 영역으로 국한되어야 할 것이다. 현행 방송광고 심의규정 제5조, 6조 2항, 8조 3항, 10조, 11조, 14조, 22조, 23조 등은 소비자보호나 시장질서 유지 등과는 관련성이 없는 규제조항으로, 방송광고를 통한 정치적. 문화적 표현을 제약하고 있다. 방송광고 심의규정 제5조 등은 그 금지영역이 매우 광범위하고 금지기준이 애매모호하여 명확성 원칙에 어긋난다. 과잉금지 원칙의 네 가지 위헌심사기준에도 모두 저촉된다. 위의 심의규정들은 국민의 가장 핵심적 기본권을 침해하고 있어 정당성이 부족하고, 그 실효성도 미미하여 방법의 적합성에 어긋난다. 방송광고의 정치적 문화적 표현까지 광범위하게 제한하여 최소침해성 기준에도 위반된다. 사전심의를 통해 얻는 공익도 침해되는 사익에 비해 크지 못하여 법익의 균형성도 갖추지 못하고 있다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.133-156
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• 2004

The rapid development of the internet may not have occurred without techniques of linking and framing, which provide users flexible and easy access to other website. These techniques have enabled internet users to navigate the internet efficiently and sort through the products, services and information available on the internet. The Advent of the global information structure and the do-called EC revolution raise countless new issues and questions. There are no limitations regulating the expressions on the cyberspace due to internet's of quality anonymity? diversity? spontaneity. Therefore, the freedom of speech is expanded in both areas of time and space, which was impossible with the old communicating system. Although online technology raises many new legal issues, the law available to help us resolve them, at least today, is largely based on the world as it existed before online commerce became a reality. Thus the challenge is to predict how these new legal issues may be resolved using the current law. As a result of the drastic change of the environment for international trade of which that has taken took place in parallel with the global information technology revolution on a global basis, the scope of issues to be addressed which should be resolved by the conflict of laws principles has been remarkably expanded, and various new issues of an entirely which are quite new in its type and nature have arisen been raised. Further more in addition, the old act prior act was regarded as insufficient in that it lacked rules on international governing law to adjudicate, or international adjudicatory governing law, where as the expectation of the public was that the private international law should function as the basic law of the legal relational encompassing rules on governing law given the increase of It international disputes. for the move the private international law has also attracted more attention from the korean.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1982년도 제16차 학술대회연제순서 및 초록
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• pp.16.1-16
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• 1982

구순은 음식이 구강을 통과하는데 뿐만 아니라 음절을 구성 하는데도 중요한 역할을 한다. 구순을 이루고 있는 Orbicularis oris 근육이 괄약근으로 작용하여 강한 수축을 하여야 구순의 완전한 폐쇄를 이룰수 있고 구순의 모양을 형성할 수 있게 된다. 또 이 Orbicularis oris근육이 유지되기 위해서는 Orbicularis oris 근육주위의 여러 근육들이 서로 길항 혹은 협력할수 있어야만 한다. 구순재건술의 관점에서 가장 중요한 것은 안면신경과 혈관은 보존하면서도 괄약작용에 손실없이 주위근육으로부터 Orbicularis oris 근육을 분리할 수 있어야 한다는 것이다. 저자들은 교상으로 인하여 하구순 결손 환자에서 구순재건술을 시행하여 그 기능과 미용에 있어서 좋은 결과를 얻었으므로 문헌과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.215-235
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• 2006

This paper explores the effects of two different methods of instruction for 106 low-level Korean learners of English at a college in learning request expressions. Both of the methods contained the focus-on-form and function characteristics, while the degree of explicitness for input enhancement was differentiated. Abundant email samples written by English native speakers for the input were provided and email writing practice for the output was proceeded for both groups of the students in the treatment sessions. The numbers of target forms used in pretest and posttest results were compared quantitatively: The tests included email writing and open-ended Discourse Completion Test (DCT). The results indicated that the target pragmatic features were slightly better learned under the condition of relatively high degree of explicit instruction with metapragmatic information, even though the difference was statistically insignificant. In addition, the students' use of request strategies both in email and DCT was affected positively by the treatment with email input and output. That is, the students applied the request strategies they learned through email into their oral production (open-ended DCT) as well as their email writing. Further study on the output effect of target features in advancing pragmatic competence is suggested.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.14-18
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• 2006

The role of dialogue manager is to select proper actions based on observed environment and inferred user intention. This paper presents stochastic model for dialogue manager based on Markov decision process. To build a mixed initiative dialogue manager, we used accumulated user utterance, previous act of dialogue manager, and domain dependent knowledge as the input to the MDP. We also used dialogue corpus to train the automatically optimized policy of MDP with reinforcement learning algorithm. The states which have unique and intuitive actions were removed from the design of MDP by using the domain knowledge. The design of dialogue manager included the usage of natural language understanding and response generator to build short message based remote control of home networked appliances.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2005

In this paper I propose the semantics of two modality markers in Korean, keyss and (u)1 kes. I compare the two modality markers with respect to some properties. First, keyss is used to express logical necessity while (u)1 kes can be used to express a simple prediction as well. Second, keyss expresses some logical conclusion from the speaker's own information state without claiming it is true. On the other hand, (u)1 kes expresses the claim that the speaker's prediction will be true. Third, the prediction of keyss is non-monotonic: it can be reversed without being inconsistent. However, that of (u)1 kes cannot. Fourth, (u)1 kes can be used freely in epistemic conditionals, but keyss cannot. Finally, when keyss is used, the prediction cannot be repeated. The prediction from the use of (u)1 kes can be repeated. To account for these differences, I propose that keyss is used when the speaker makes a purely logical presumption based on his/her own information state, and that (u)1 kes is used to make a prediction which is asserted to be true. This proposal accounts for all the differences of the two modality markers.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2008

일반적인 HMI system은 원격 감시제어를 네트워크를 통하여 하고 있으나 기능이 제한 적이다. 본 논문에서는 산업용 HMI 시스템을 변형된 상태분할 알고리즘을 적용 하였다. 이 방법은, 미리 예상되는 질의어에 대한 데이터들을 갖고 모델링을 하였다. 그 결과, 모델링하는데 많은 시간이 절약되었고, 시스템을 안정적이고 정밀하게 구성하여 98.15%의 높은 인식률을 나타냈다. 음성 HMI 시스템을 산업용에 적용하여 인간이 직접적으로 활동할 수 없는 작업 환경에서도 산업용 기기들을 안정적으로 구동시킬 수 있다. HMI 시스템 엔진의 성능을 최적화하였다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제31권
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• pp.309-330
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• 2013

This paper aims to examine distribution and patterns of Women(我們) on Chinese conversation textbook, and also suggest that Chinese class need to impose pragmatic perspective. For this purpose, this paper explores 35 Womens in 42 conversation units on three Chinese textbooks Hanyu Kouyu vol.1~3 at first. Women is more contributed on 'exclusive Women' among three categories (inclusive, exclusive, borrowed) than other two categories, is also contributed on 'symbolic usage' than 'gestural usage'. Second, this paper examines patterns of Women on the three categories. It shows: first, 'inclusive Women', 'exclusive Women', 'borrowed Women' all show up on the textbooks even though on the textbook vol.1(for beginner) surprisingly; Second, 'exclusive Women' may be a primary one of three categories in terms of the coverage of Women. Women covers those who are related with the speaker regardless of being on the spot, and also covers those which the speaker belongs to, for example, nationality, ethnicity etc. Consequently, the results show that Chinese speaking course, from now on, needs to consider pragmatic factors including existing semantic and syntactic factors, and from the pragmatic perspective, impose 'action'(including speech act, body gesture etc.) on Chinese conversation class for the learners' improvement in Chinese speaking.