• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 1996

In this thesis, we investigate the psychosocial variables within the family environments of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with (ADHD+CD/ODD) or without (ADHD) externalizing symptoms. The subjects in this research were 86 boys and girls(aged range 6 to 14 years) consisted of 20 ADHD, 22 comorbid ADHD(ADHD+CD/ODD) and 44 normal control group(NC). We have collected data on children and their mothers. The psychosocial variables included in the analysis are socioeconomic status, parent's educational level, life stress event, and the rate of psychiatric disorders in relatives. The self-reported questionnaires marital discord(MAS), parenting stress(PSI), and parenting attitute(MBRI) completed by mothers. The results indicated that ADHD+CD/ODD is supposed to have higher level of family adversity suggested by the lower SES, lower parental educational level, higher life stress events, and more psychic disorders in relatives compared with ADHD or normal control group. In MAS, ADHD+CD/ODD group has significantly the lowest scores on each factor of the measure of marital adjustment. Parents of ADHD+CD/ODD are much more likely to have positive parenting stress when compared with the parents of ADHD. Especially, mothers of ADHD+CD/ODD have the lowest tendency in the mean score on affective, accepted attitudd. In an inapropriate parenting attitude perceived by children, father of ADHD+CD/ODD have the most negative, contradictory attitude and mothers of ADHD+CD/ODD have the most restrictive, negative and contradictory attitude.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.107-114
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• 2001

This paper describes Connected Digit Recognition with Considering Acoustic Feature in Korea. The recognition rate of connected digit is usually lower than word recognition. Therefore, speech feature parameter and acoustic feature are employed to make robust model for digit, and we could confirm the effect of Considering. Acoustic Feature throughout the experience of recognition. We used KLE 4 connected digit as database and 19 continuous distributed HMM as PLUs(Phoneme Like Units) using phonetical rules. For recognition experience, we have tested two cases. The first case, we used usual method like using Mel-Cepstrum and Regressive Coefficient for constructing phoneme model. The second case, we used expanded feature parameter and acoustic feature for constructing phoneme model. In both case, we employed OPDP(One Pass Dynamic Programming) and FSA(Finite State Automata) for recognition tests. When appling FSN for recognition, we applied various acoustic features. As the result, we could get 55.4% recognition rate for Mel-Cepstrum, and 67.4% for Mel-Cepstrum and Regressive Coefficient. Also, we could get 74.3% recognition rate for expanded feature parameter, and 75.4% for applying acoustic feature. Since, the case of applying acoustic feature got better result than former method, we could make certain that suggested method is effective for connected digit recognition in korean.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.425-455
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• 2012

Multi-dimensional verbal short-term memory mechanisms are largely divided into the phonological channel and the lexical-semantic channel. The former is called phonological short-term memory and the latter is called semantic short-term memory. Phonological short-term memory is further segmented into the phonological input buffer and the phonological output buffer. In this study, the language performance of each of three patients with similar levels of conduction aphasia was analyzed in terms of multi-dimensional verbal short-term memory. To this end, three patients with conduction aphasia were instructed to perform four different aspects of language tasks that are spontaneous speaking, repetition, spontaneous writing, and dictation in both word and sentence level. Moreover, the patients' phonological memories and semantic short-term memories were evaluated using digit span tests and verbal learning tests. As a result, the three subjects exhibited various types of performances and error responses in the four aspects of language tests, and the short-term memory tests also did not produce identical results. The language performance of three patients with conduction aphasia can be explained according to whether the defects occurred in the semantic short-term memory, phonological input buffer and/or phonological output buffer. In this study, the relations between language and multi-dimensional verbal short-term memory were discussed based on the results of language tests and short-term memory tests in patients with conduction aphasia.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.689-695
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• 2010

The effect of the code conversion process of Korean script (Hangul), also known as words for numbers, was investigated using event-related potentials (ERPs) during mental arithmetic operations. Study subjects were asked to determine whether the arithmetic results of a given target stimuli were correctly matched. Visual inspection and statistics of mean ERPs showed stimulus type-dependent processing rather than task-dependent processing. Results of addition and multiplication tasks revealed that the overall temporal profiles of the Arabic numerals were similar to the Hangul words for numbers. The only exception to this observation was a delayed positive-slope peak occurring around 300 ms, which was likely related to the encoding process of Hangul words for numbers to Arabic-digits, defined as a 'transcoding-related potential.' Source analysis confirmed that the topography of different waveforms for the two conditions was attributed to a single dipole located in the left temporo-parietal area; this area is known to be involved in Hangul words for number processing. These results suggest that the initial processing for encoding words for numbers was followed by arithmetic operations without direct access of internal number representation. Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society. The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.766-770
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• 2008

Gingival fibromatosis is a rare condition characterized by varying degrees of gingival hyperplasia. Gingival fibromatosis usually occurs as an isolated disorder or can be associated with a variety of other syndromes. It usually appears at the time of eruption of permanent dentition but, can develop at the time of eruption of the primary dentition and rarely at birth. It may deform palatal contour and subsequently restrict the tongue movement, resulting in interference during speech and mastication. In addition, it incapacitates maintenance of normal lip closure. A 14-month-old girl visited the department of pediatric dentistry, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, for the congenital gingival overgrowth. There was no one in the family, who showed similar pattern of gingival growth. The intraoral clinical examination revealed generalized severe gingival enlargement throughout the maxillary and the mandibular arches. Enlarged gingival tissue was pink and had firm consistency. She was referred for chromosomal analysis, which confirmed absence of any known syndrome. Under local anesthesia, "Punch-biopsy" was performed on the labial area, and the specimen was histologically diagnosed as gingival fibromatosis. For she did not have any medical problem nor familiar history, she was diagnosed as having idiopathic gingival fibromatosis. Regarding her age and behavior, close follow-up was decided.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.1 s.104
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• pp.63-70
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• 2006

In general, a corpus contains lots of linguistic information and is widely used in the field of natural language processing and computational linguistics. The creation of such the corpus, however, is an expensive, labor-intensive and time-consuming work. To alleviate this problem, annotation tools to build corpora with much linguistic information is indispensable. In this paper, we design and implement an annotation tool for establishing a Korean dependency tree-tagged corpus. The most ideal way is to fully automatically create the corpus without annotators' interventions, but as a matter of fact, it is impossible. The proposed tool is semi-automatic like most other annotation tools and is designed to edit errors, which are generated by basic analyzers like part-of-speech tagger and (partial) parser. We also design it to avoid repetitive works while editing the errors and to use it easily and friendly. Using the proposed annotation tool, 10,000 Korean sentences containing over 20 words are annotated with dependency structures. For 2 months, eight annotators have worked every 4 hours a day. We are confident that we can have accurate and consistent annotations as well as reduced labor and time.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 2015

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is an inherited disease entity associated with lysosomal enzyme deficiencies. MPS type 2, also known as Hunter syndrome, has a characteristic morphology primarily involving x-l inked recessive defects and iduronate-2-sulfatase gene mutation. The purpose of this case report is to provide important clues to help pediatricians identify Hunter syndrome patients earlier (i.e., before the disease progresses). A 30-month-old boy showed developmental delay and decreased speech ability. Physical examinations revealed a flat nose and extensive Mongolian spots. Brain magnetic resonance images (MRIs) showed bilateral multiple patchy T2 hyperintense lesions in the periventricular and deep white matter, several cyst-like lesions in the body of the corpus callosum, and diffuse brain atrophy, which were in keeping with the diagnosis. Based on these findings, the patient was suspected of having MPS. In the laboratory findings, although the genetic analysis of IDS (Iduronate-2-sulfatase) did not show any pathogenic variant, the enzymatic activity of IDS was not detected. We could confirm the diagnosis of MPS, because other sulfatases, such as ${\alpha}$-L-iduronidase, were detected in the normal range. Early enzymatic replacement therapy is essential and has a relatively good prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis should be made before organ damage becomes irreversible, and brain MRIs can provide additional diagnostic clues to help distinguish the disorder.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2004

Background and Objectives : It has been shown that the epilaryngeal tube in the human airway is responsible for vocal ring, or the singer's formant. In previous study, authors showed that in trained tenors, besides the conventional singer's formant in the region of ,5500Hz, another energy peak was observed in the region of 8,000Hz. This peak was interpreted as the second resonance of the epilarynx tube. Singers in other voice categories who produce vocal ring are assumed to have the same peak, but no measurements have as yet been made. Materials and Methods : Fifteen tenors, fourteen baritones, seven sopranos and five mezzo sopranos attending the music college, department of vocal music who could reliably produce the head and chest registers were chosen for this study. Each subject was asked to produce an/ah/sound for at least three seconds for the head register sound(tenors ; G4, barions ; E4 sopranos ; F5 and mezzosopranos ; C5) and for the chest register sound (tenors ; C3, baritones ; D3, sopranos ; D4 and Mezzosoprano ; A3). The sound data was analyzed using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based power spectrum, Long term average(LTA) power spectrum using the FFT algorithm of the Computerized Speech Lab (CSL, Kay elemetrics, Model 4300B, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test of the Statistical Package for Social sciences(SPSS). Results : For head register sounds, a significant increase was seen in the 2,200-3,400Hz region(p<0.05) and the Similar to the head register sounds, there was a significant increase in energy in the four trained singer group compared with the untrained group in the 2,200-3,100Hz region(p<0.05), the 7,800-8,400Hz region(p<0.05) for the chest register sounds. Conclusions : When good vocal production was made for the head and chest registers, an energy peak was observed near 2,500Hz, a frequency already known as the "singer's formant', in all subjects in the study group. Another region of increased energy was observed around 8,000Hz that had not been noticed previously. The authors believe this region to be the second singer's formant.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.864-870
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• 2012

Voice pattern recognition technology to solve the problems of the existing problems and common issues that you may have in language learning content analysis. This is the first problem of language-learning content, online learning posture. Game open another web page through the lesson, but the concentration of the students fell. Have not been able to determine the second issue according Speaking has made the learning process actually reads. Third got a problem with the mechanical process by a learning management system, as well by the teacher in the evaluation of students and students who are learning progress between the difference in the two. Finally, the biggest problem, while maintaining their existing content made to be able to solve the above problem. Speaking learning dedicated learning programs under this background, voice pattern recognition technology learning process for speech recognition and voice recognition capabilities for learning itself has been used in the recognition process the data of the learner's utterance as an audio file of the desired change to a transfer to a specific location of the server or SQL server may be easily inserted into any system or program, any and all applicable content that has already been created without damaging the entire component because the new features were available. Contributed to this paper, active participation in class more interactive teaching methods to change.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.258-272
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• 1998

This investigation evaluated patients who received Steri-Oss implants from the Dental Hospital of Chosun University during the period from March 1989 to August 1997. 346 fixtures of 127 patients were included in this study. The results were as follows ; 1.The follow-up period was defined as the period between the surgical placement of the implants and the last follow-up examination. The mean follow-up period was $2.17{\pm}1.21$ years. 2.The period between fixture installation and second surgery was $0.71{\pm}0.44$ years in the maxilla and $0.46{\pm}0.21$ years in the mandible. 3.The number of fixtures which were installed in the upper jaw(112) was less than that in the lower jaw(234) and in the posterior region(260) was more than in the anterior region(86). 4.The length of fixture which was most frequently used was 12 mm and least was 8mm. Screw implants were installed more than cylindrical implants. 3.8mm implant was the most common implans, followed by 4.5mm and 3.25mm. 5.The number of augmentation cases was more than that of non-augmentation cases and the rate of augmentation cases in the maxilla was more than that in the mandible. 6.Implant restorations for partial edentulos patients(94cases) were more than single- tooth implant restorations(33cases) or implant restorations for complete edentulos patients(10cases). 7.Free-standing prostheses for partially edentulous patients were more commom than any other type of connection between implants and natural teeth. 8.Plaque Index($0.95{\pm}0.74$) and Gingival Index($0.31{\pm}0.52$) were very similar around the natural teeth and reflected an acceptable level of plaque and gingivitis control. Mean value for keratinized mucosa index($1.93{\pm}1.20$) remained fairly constant around level 2(1-2 mm keratinized epithelium). 9.Patients were generally satisfied with implant in terms of comfort, function, speech and esthetics. 10.There was not a statistically significant differences in overall survial rate between implants placed in the maxilla (91.5%) and those placed in the mandible (93.8%). Fourteen implants lost before the prosthetic rehabilitation and eleven implants lost following variable periods in function after the prosthetic phase of the treatment. 11.Cause of implant failures was exfoliation or removal of fixture due to non-osseointegration before the prosthetic rehabilitation or due to fracture of fixture, masticatory pain after the prosthetic rehabilitation. 12.The survival rate of Steri-Oss implants using the Kaplan-Meier statistical analysis was 93.8% at 2 year and 86.6% at 5 year, In all cases, implant losses occured predominantly in the healing period. There was a steep decline in the rate of implant loss after the first year. 13.The survival rate of Steri-Oss implants in the anterior region was 94.8% at 2 year and 94.8% at 5 year and that in the posterior region was 92.8% at 2 year and 75.9% at 5 year. In conclusion, this study revealed a number of parameters and guidelines for achieving an optimal success rate in osseointegration.