• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2010

본 논문은 ATSC DTV (advanced television system committee digital television) 신호를 검출하기 위해 고속 퓨리에 변환 (FFT : fast Fourier transform) 기반의 파일럿 신호를 검출하는 알고리즘의 성능을 파라미터를 변화시켜가면서 분석하였다. DTV 신호를 검출하기 위한 요구사항을 분석하였으며, 센싱 회수 및 시간에 따라서 성능을 비교하였다. 실험 결과 센싱 횟수가 증가할수록 신호 검출 성능이 향상되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 논문의 결과는 DTV 주파수 대역의 인지 라디오 (CR : cognitive radio) 시스템을 구현하는데 참고자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2013

This paper considers a cooperative orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based cognitive radio network where the primary system leases some of its subchannels to the secondary system for a fraction of time in exchange for the secondary users (SUs) assisting the transmission of primary users (PUs) as relays. Our aim is to determine the cooperation strategies among the primary and secondary systems so as to maximize the sum-rate of SUs while maintaining quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of PUs. We formulate a joint optimization problem of PU transmission mode selection, SU (or relay) selection, subcarrier assignment, power control, and time allocation. By applying dual method, this mixed integer programming problem is decomposed into parallel per-subcarrier subproblems, with each determining the cooperation strategy between one PU and one SU. We show that, on each leased subcarrier, the optimal strategy is to let a SU exclusively act as a relay or transmit for itself. This result is fundamentally different from the conventional spectrum leasing in single-channel systems where a SU must transmit a fraction of time for itself if it helps the PU's transmission. We then propose a subgradient-based algorithm to find the asymptotically optimal solution to the primal problem in polynomial time. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can significantly enhance the network performance.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2010

급증하는 주파수 수요를 해결하기 위해 최근 FCC(Federal Communications Commission)에서는 스펙트럼 사용 효율을 높이기 위해 주파수를 공유하는 CR(Cognitive radio)를 적용하기로 하였다. 그리고 이러한 CR 시스템을 LTE 시스템에 적용하고자 CR 기술 중 스펙트럼 센싱 이론을 LTE 환경에 적용을 시켜 실험을 하여 성능분석을 하였다. 본 실험에 있어서 LTE 하향링크 OFDMA (Orthogonal frequency division multiple access) 신호를 센싱했고, 채널은 가우시안 채널로 가정하여 실험을 하였다. 또한 실험에 필요로 한 임계값(threshold)은 5%, 10%로 달리 적용하여 성능분석을 하였다. 그리고 추후 LTE 시스템에 CR 시스템 적용을 위한 향후 연구 방향에 대하여 논의를 하였다.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2020

A CubeSat platform has become a popular choice due to inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components and low launch cost. However, it requires more power-efficient and higher-data rate downlink capability for space applications related to remote sensing. In addition, the platform is limited by the size, weight and power (SWaP) constraints as well as the regulatory issue of licensing the radio frequency (RF) spectrum. The requirements and limitations have put optical communications on promising alternatives to RF communications for a CubeSat platform, owing to the power efficiency and high data rate as well as the license free spectrum. In this study, we analyzed the performance of optical downlink communications compatible with CubeSat platforms in terms of data rate, bit error rate (BER) and outage probability. Mathematical models of BER and outage probability were derived based on not only the log-normal model of atmospheric turbulence but also a transmitter with a finite extinction ratio. Given the fixed slot width, the optimal guard time and modulation orders were chosen to achieve the target data rate. And the two performance metrics, BER and outage data rate, were analyzed and discussed with respect to beam divergence angle, scintillation index and zenith angle.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1210-1210
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• 2001

On farm analysis of protein, moisture and oil in cereals and oil seeds is quickly being adopted by Australian farmers. The benefits of being able to measure protein and oil in grains and oil seeds are several : $\square$ Optimize crop payments $\square$ Monitor effects of fertilization $\square$ Blend on farm to meet market requirements $\square$ Off farm marketing - sell crop with load by load analysis However farmers are not NIR spectroscopists and the process of calibrating instruments has to the duty of the supplier. With the potential number of On Farm analyser being in the thousands, then the task of calibrating each instrument would be impossible, let alone the problems encountered with updating calibrations from season to season. As such, NIR technology Australia has developed a mechanism for \ulcorner\ulcorner\ulcorner their range of Cropscan 2000G NIR analysers so that a single calibration can be transferred from the master instrument to every slave instrument. Whole grain analysis has been developed over the last 10 years using Near Infrared Transmission through a sample of grain with a pathlength varying from 5-30mm. A continuous spectrum from 800-1100nm is the optimal wavelength coverage fro these applications and a grating based spectrophotometer has proven to provide the best means of producing this spectrum. The most important aspect of standardizing NIB instruments is to duplicate the spectral information. The task is to align spectrum from the slave instruments to the master instrument in terms of wavelength positioning and then to adjust the spectral response at each wavelength in order that the slave instruments mimic the master instrument. The Cropscan 2000G and 2000B Whole Grain Analyser use flat field spectrographs to produce a spectrum from 720-1100nm and a silicon photodiode array detector to collect the spectrum at approximately 10nm intervals. The concave holographic gratings used in the flat field spectrographs are produced by a process of photo lithography. As such each grating is an exact replica of the original. To align wavelengths in these instruments, NIR wheat sample scanned on the master and the slave instruments provides three check points in the spectrum to make a more exact alignment. Once the wavelengths are matched then many samples of wheat, approximately 10, exhibiting absorbances from 2 to 4.5 Abu, are scanned on the master and then on each slave. Using a simple linear regression technique, a slope and bias adjustment is made for each pixel of the detector. This process corrects the spectral response at each wavelength so that the slave instruments produce the same spectra as the master instrument. It is important to use as broad a range of absorbances in the samples so that a good slope and bias estimate can be calculated. These Slope and Bias (S'||'&'||'B) factors are then downloaded into the slave instruments. Calibrations developed on the master instrument can then be downloaded onto the slave instruments and perform similarly to the master instrument. The data shown in this paper illustrates the process of calculating these S'||'&'||'B factors and the transfer of calibrations for wheat, barley and sorghum between several instruments.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2003

본 논문은 3 GPP 규격을 바탕으로 한 W-CDMA UE 시스템의 RF 성능관련 내용을 다루고 있으며 송수신 파라미터를 RF 성능관점에서 유출하였다. 최적의 UE성능을 얻기 위해 송신기에 대해서는 ACLR, EVM, 피크코드영역 에러, 스펙트럼 방사 마스크, 주파수 오차 안정도, 송신전력제어 범위와 같은 성능 요구사항을 고찰하였고 수신기에 대해서는 수신 감도, 블록킹 특성, 잡음지수, 인접채널 선택도, 수신 ACC 범위 등이 고려되었다. 요구된 파라미터들을 근거로 UE RF 트랜시버를 구현하였고 실제 측정 시나리오에 따라서 RF 성능평가를 수행하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.53-83
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• 2008

A rational and efficient seismic design methodology for irregular space steel frames using advanced methods of analysis in the framework of Eurocodes 8 and 3 is presented. This design methodology employs an advanced static or dynamic finite element method of analysis that takes into account geometrical and material non-linearities and member and frame imperfections. The inelastic static analysis (pushover) is employed with multimodal load along the height of the building combining the first few modes. The inelastic dynamic method in the time domain is employed with accelerograms taken from real earthquakes scaled so as to be compatible with the elastic design spectrum of Eurocode 8. The design procedure starts with assumed member sections, continues with the checking of the damage and ultimate limit states requirements, the serviceability requirements and ends with the adjustment of member sizes. Thus it can sufficiently capture the limit states of displacements, rotations, strength, stability and damage of the structure and its individual members so that separate member capacity checks through the interaction equations of Eurocode 3 or the usage of the conservative and crude q-factor suggested in Eurocode 8 are not required. Two numerical examples dealing with the seismic design of irregular space steel moment resisting frames are presented to illustrate the proposed method and demonstrate its advantages. The first considers a seven storey geometrically regular frame with in-plan eccentricities, while the second a six storey frame with a setback.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 초 광대역에서 적용 가능한 저위상 잡음 PLL의 구조개선, 회로 보완, 설계 및 구현 방법 개선 등을 통해 초 광대역에서 저위상 잡음 특성을 갖는 PLL을 분석하고 성능 요구 규격을 만족하는 PLL 구현에 대해 소개하였다. 먼저 에질런트사의 ADS(Advanced Designed System)를 이용한 시뮬레이션을 통해 초 광대역 시스템용 PLL의 파워 특성, 위상잡음, 하모닉 특성 등을 분석하였고 분석 결과를 요구 규격과 비교하였다. 이를 토대로 저위상 잡음을 갖는 PLL을 구현하였다. 성능 측정결과를 통해 제시한 요구 규격을 만족 시키는 PLL의 구현을 확인하였다. 본 PLL은 초 광대역을 사용하는 서비스의 트랜시버에 유용하게 쓰일 것이다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.525-540
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• 2023

2023년에 터널내진설계기준이 개정됨에 따라 운영 중인 터널의 성능의 요구 수준 만족 여부가 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 지진에 대한 안전성이 취약하다고 판단되는 4개의 터널에 대한 시간이력해석을 수행하여 이들의 내진성능을 평가하였다. 나아가 2007년 기준과 2023년 기준에 부합하는 지진파 적용 시 응답의 차이를 규명하였다. 평가 결과, 2023년 기준을 적용하는 경우 터널의 응답이 모두 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 개정된 기준 적용 시에도 모든 터널은 소요 내진성능을 확보한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 개정된 기준을 적용 시에도 보수 또는 보강은 불필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.50-64
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• 2016

Nowadays, smart meter (SM) technology is widely effectively used. In addition, power allocation (PA) and channel selection (CS) are considered problems with many proposed approaches. In this paper, we will suggest a specific scenario for an SM configuration system and show how to solve the optimization problem for transmission between SMs and the data concentrator unit (DCU), the center that collects the data from several SMs, via simulation. An efficient CS with PA scheme is proposed in the TV white space system, which uses the TV band spectrum. On the basic of the optimal configuration requirements, SMs can have a transmission schedule and channel selection to obtain the optimal efficiency of using spectrum resources when transmitting data to the DCU. The optimal goals discussed in this paper are the maximum capacity or maximum channel efficiency and the maximum allowable power of the SMs used to satisfy the quality of service without harm to another wireless system. In addition, minimization of the interference to the digital television system and other SMs is also important and needs to be considered when the solving coexistence scenario. Further, we propose a process that performs an interference analysis scheme by using the spectrum engineering advanced Monte Carlo analysis tool (SEAMCAT), which is an integrated software tool based on a Monte-Carlo simulation method. Briefly, the process is as follows: The optimization process implemented by genetic evolution optimization engines, i.e., a genetic algorithm, will calculate the best configuration for the SM system on the basis of the interference limitation for each SM by SEAMCAT in a specific configuration, which reaches the solution with the best defined optimal goal satisfaction.