• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.453-456
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• 2004

Due to the bandwidth and storage limitations medical images are needed to be compressed before transmission and storage. DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) specification, which is the medical images standard, provides a mechanism for supporting the use of JPEG still image compression standard. In this paper, we explain a method for compressing medical images by PEG standard and propose two methods for JPEG compression. First, because medical images differ from natural images in optical feature, we propose a method to design adaptively the quantization table using spectrum analysis. Second, because medical images have higher pixel depth than natural images do, we propose a method to design Huffman table which considers the probability distribution feature of symbols. Simulation results show the improved performance compared to the quantization table and the adjusted Huffman table of JPEG standard.

• 정보통신설비학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2011

This paper presents adaptive spread-spectrum watermarking scheme on the H.264/AVC video. The H.264/AVC has become popular video coding since it's compression performance has been improved greatly. That is why there is not enough space for embedding watermark using the spread-spectrum method. To overcome this problem, we propose selective block embedding scheme. The blocks which don't contain non-zero DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) coefficients are selected by value. So we have enough space to embed watermarks. Experimental result shows that proposed scheme improves recovery rates of watermark about 12% and reduces distortion of watermarked video.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.492-497
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 오디오 분야에서 가장 대중적인 압축 방식인 MP3 공격에 강인한 워터마킹 방법을 제안한다. 일반적인 주파수 도메인에서의 워터마킹 방법인 Cox의 스프레드 스펙트럼 방법에서는 DCT후 값이 큰 저주파수의 계수에 순차적으로 워터마크를 삽입한다. 제안한 방법에서는 MP3 공격시 손실되는 주파수 계수를 통계적으로 조사하여, 손실이 덜한 순서를 정한 후 이에 맞추어 계수에 워터마크를 삽입하는 방법을 제안한다. 다양한 음원에 대하여 실험한 결과, 제안한 방법은 Cox의 방법에 비해 워터마크의 보존하고 원본 음원의 왜곡을 줄이는 두가지 측면 모두 좋은 결과를 나타내었다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2000

Purpose: The aims of the present study are to determine the optimum compression rate in terms of file size reduction and diagnostic quality of the images after compression and evaluate the transmission speed of original or each compressed image. Materials and Methods: The material consisted of 24 extracted human premolars and molars. The occlusal surfaces and proximal surfaces of the teeth had a clinical disease spectrum that ranged from sound to varying degrees of fissure discoloration and cavitation. The images from Digora system were exported in TIFF and the images from conventional intraoral film were scanned and digitalized in TIFF by Nikon SF-200 scanner (Nikon, Japan). And six compression factors were chosen and applied on the basis of the results from a pilot study. The total number of images to be assessed were 336. Three radiologists assessed the occlusal and proximal surfaces of the teeth with 5-rank scale. Finally diagnosed as either sound or carious lesion by one expert oral pathologist. And sensitivity, specificity and k value for diagnostic agreement was calculated. Also the area (Az) values under the ROC curve were calculated and paired t-test and oneway ANOVA test was performed. Thereafter, transmission time of the image files of the each compression level was compared with that of the original image files. Results: No significant difference was found between original and the corresponding images up to 7% (1 : 14) compression ratio for both the occlusal and proximal caries (p<0.05). JPEG3 (1 : 14) image files are transmitted fast more than 10 times, maintained diagnostic information in image, compared with original image files. Conclusion: 1 : 14 compressed image file may be used instead of the original image and reduce storage needs and transmission time.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권5C호
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• pp.654-654
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 이산웨이블렛 변환을 이용한 영상 압축 프로세서를 하드웨어로 구현하였다. 웨이블렛 변환을 위하여 필터뱅크 및 피라미드 알고리즘을 이용하였고 각 필터들은 FIR 필터로 구현하였다. 병렬구조로 이루어져 동일 클럭 싸이클에서 하이패스와 로패스를 동시에 수행함으로써 속도를 향상시킬 뿐 아니라 QMF 특성을 이용하여 DWT 연산에 필요한 승산기의 수를 절반으로 줄임으로써 하드웨어 크기를 줄이고 이용효율 또한 높일 수 있다. 다중 해상도 분해 시 필요한 메모리 컨트롤러를 하드웨어로 구현하여 DWT 계산이 수행되므로 이 융자는 단순한 파라메터 입력만으로 효과적인 압축율을 얻을 수 있도록 구조적으로 설계하였다. 실시간 영상압축 프로세서의 성능 예측을 위하여 MATLAB을 통하여 시뮬레이션 하였고, VHDL을 이용하여 각 모듈들을 설계하였다. 설계한 영상압축기는 Leonaro-Spectrum에서 합성하였고, ALTERA FLEX10KE(EPF10K100 EFC256) FPGA에 이식하여 하드웨어적으로 동작을 검증하였다. 설계된 부호화기는 512×512 Woman 영상에 대하여 33㏈의 PSNR값을 갖는다. 그리고 설계된 프로세서를 FPGA 구현 시 35㎒에서 정상적으로 동작한다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.184-193
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• 2010

본 논문은 생물체 표면에서 번쩍이고 다채로운 색깔의 반사특성을 보이는 훈색(暈色)현상의 양방향 반사율 분포 함수(BRDF: Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function)의 압축방법을 제안한다. 그래픽스 기술에서 훈색 현상의 용어를 보통 이리데센스(Iridescence) 또는 구조적 색상(structural colors)라고 부른다. 이러한 현상의 주요한 특징은 시점에 따라 다채로운 색상과 밝기를 갖는 것이다. 이것을 구현하기 위해 기존의 그래픽스 기술들은 BRDF를 이용한 방법을 사용한다. BRDF 방법은 많은 시점의 영상을 직접 활용하여 사실적인 표현이 가능한 장점이 있지만, 데이터양이 커서 연산량이 많은 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 훈색(暈色: Iridescence)현상의 BRDF로부터 반사맵을 작성하고, 반사맵을 여러 개의 색상 기반의 동심원으로 반사맵을 표현할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 이때 동심원 1개는 1개의 법선벡터에 의한 반사광의 빔폭을 의미한다. 본 논문에서는 여러 개의 가상의 광학적 법선벡터를 사용하여 울퉁불퉁한 동심원을 합성한다. 그리고 동심원의 중심을 통과하는 한 선분으로부터 1차원 스펙트럼 정보를 취득한다. 제안하는 방법은 BRDF의 막대한 데이터양을 효과적으로 줄여서 단지 1장의 텍스처를 사용하여 사실적인 밝기 차이와 스펙트럼 표현이 가능한 영상기반 렌더링 기법(IBR: image based rendering)으로 사용할 수 있다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.481-486
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• 2023

Anomaly detection holds paramount significance across diverse fields, encompassing fraud detection, risk mitigation, and sensor evaluation tests. Its pertinence extends notably to the military, particularly within the Warrior Platform, a comprehensive combat equipment system with wearable sensors. Hence, we propose a data-compression-based anomaly detection approach tailored to unlabeled time series and sequence data. This method entailed the construction of two distinctive features, typicality and atypicality, to discern anomalies effectively. The typicality of a test sequence was determined by evaluating the compression efficacy achieved through the pattern dictionary. This dictionary was established based on the frequency of all patterns identified in a training sequence generated for each sensor within Warrior Platform. The resulting typicality served as an anomaly score, facilitating the identification of anomalous data using a predetermined threshold. To improve the performance of the pattern dictionary method, we leveraged atypicality to discern sequences that could undergo compression independently without relying on the pattern dictionary. Consequently, our refined approach integrated both typicality and atypicality, augmenting the effectiveness of the pattern dictionary method. Our proposed method exhibited heightened capability in detecting a spectrum of unpredictable anomalies, fortifying the stability of wearable sensors prevalent in military equipment, including the Army TIGER 4.0 system.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.52-54
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• 2003

We propose an improved algorithm for detecting audio watermarks based on a spread spectrum in the spectral domain. Since the energy of a watermark is much smaller than that of the cover audio data, pre-processing to reduce the effect of the cover data is needed to reliably extract watermarks. We introduce a spectral envelope filter as a pre-process that enhances detecting performance by filtering out the intrinsic spectral character of cover data. The proposed watermarking structure can be easily included in the compression system and can extract watermarks from partially decompressed spectral data. Our experimental results demonstrate that with a bit error rate of around 10 dB against general attacks, the proposed detecting scheme works better than detectors without the spectral filter.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.III
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• pp.543-550
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• 2000

The objective of this research was to study the effect of contact force of ultrasonic probe on the ultrasonic attenuation measurement of radish. The relationship between ultrasonic attenuation (y) and contact force (x) for radish can be expressed as equation y=a+bLn(x), where a=8.7194+2.l68x(porosity) and b =-9.9188+0.0075 ${\times}$ (volume). The relationship between ultrasonic power spectrum (y) and contact force (x) for radish is also represented by equation y=a+bLn(x), where a= 60.l965-1.47l4${\times}$(porosity). The coefficient b has no significant relation with radish properties.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose structures and power spectral densities of UWB radar transmitters of Short Range Automobile. While the conventional transmitters did not consider interferences from self and other automobiles, the proposed method of this paper can minimize interferences. First, we compare a structure of the proposed method with pulse train and pulse compression method. Then, by using mathematical analysis and computer simulations, we show that the proposed method is superior to others. Also we can set proper parameters in UWB radar's transmitter through the numerical method of mathematical results.