• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.2206-2212
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• 2016

It is necessary to find characteristic phenomena related with permittivity differences for classification of liquid characteristics. If these phenomena can be remotely detected and characteristics can be extracted, it will be very useful in finding flammable liquid materials and classifying substances of these liquids. Therefore, in this paper, reflection and transmitted signals were analyzed from three receiving antennas with one transmitting antenna using wideband electromagnetic wave signals. Frequency response characteristics of reflected or transmitted signals are different according to characteristics of liquid materials. However, conventional FFT methods cannot be applied due to problems of low resolution caused by data windowing distortion. To minimize these problems, eigenvector analysis method was applied for high resolution spectrum estimation of received signals. From these results, it can be shown that classification of many kinds of liquids are possible using peak frequencies and corresponding peak power values of spectrum estimates obtained from various liquid materials.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.361-366
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• 2018

Previous studies on fear of crime used survey and interview to measure fear of crime. However, though these methods can measure fear of crime in past events, they cannot measure real time fear of crime. In this paper, we use EEG to measure fear of crime in real time. We measure and analyze the EEG of subjects watching the video and confirm the difference between three groups classified according to the degree of fear of crime. As a result, about two times more beta waves are shown when a group of subjects with a high degree of fear of crime watches the images of fear of crime and 1.5 times more beta waves are shown among the other groups. Although watching videos related to the crime increased the beta waves, the police video showed little increase in beta waves because the subjects can sense safety in the video even if it is related to crime.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2018

Background: Ginseng is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used in a range of therapeutic and healthcare applications in East Asian countries. Microbial transformation is regarded as an effective and useful technology in modification of nature products for finding new chemical derivatives with potent bioactivities. In this study, three minor derivatives of ginsenoside compound K were isolated and the inducing effects in the Wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) signaling pathway were also investigated. Methods: New compounds were purified from scale-up fermentation of ginsenoside Rb1 by Paecilomyces bainier sp. 229 through repeated silica gel column chromatography and high pressure liquid chromatography. Their structures were determined based on spectral data and X-ray diffraction. The inductive activities of these compounds on the Wnt signaling pathway were conducted on MC3T3-E1 cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: The structures of a known 3-keto derivative and two new dehydrogenated metabolites were elucidated. The crystal structure of the 3-keto derivative was reported for the first time and its conformation was compared with that of ginsenoside compound K. The inductive effects of these compounds on osteogenic differentiation by activating the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway were explained for the first time. Conclusion: This study may provide a new insight into the metabolic pathway of ginsenoside by microbial transformation. In addition, the results might provide a reasonable explanation for the activity of ginseng in treating osteoporosis and supply good monomer ginsenoside resources for nutraceutical or pharmaceutical development.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2002

Purpose: This study is to assess the involvement of vessels in lower extremity in diabetics, using color doppler ultrasonogram. Materials and Methods: Arteries of both lower extremities were divided into 3 groups-large vessel (above-knee arteries), popliteal vessel, and small vessel(below-knee arteries) -, and evaluated using color doppler ultrasonogram in 60 diabetics. In color doppler ultrasonogram, the wave forms of all vessels were divided into 5 grades; grade I was triphasic wave form, grade II was spectral broadening form, grade III was monophasic wave form, grade IV was pulsus tardus et parvus form, grade V was absence of wave. Grade III, IV, V were grouped into vessel obstruction. We reviewed the correlationships among the degree of the peripheral vascular involvement, duration of dibetes, existence of bilaterality, types of dibetes. Results: Bilateral involvement was high in both lower extremity. Luminal stenosis, vascular calcification and vessel obstruction were high incidence in the patients over ten years of diabetic duration. Prevalence of vascular calcification and vessel obstruction were high in the small vessel of ankle level. But, insulin injection was not related to the incidence of vascular abnormality. Conclusion: Color doppler ultrasonogram seems to be useful for evaluation of peripheral vascular status, decision making for necessity of additional test, periodic follow -up tool in diabetes patients.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.262-269
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• 2013

PURPOSE. Perceived color of ceramics changes by the spectral power distribution of ambient light. This study aimed to quantify the amount of shifts in color and color coordinates of clinically simulated seven all-ceramics due to the switch of three ambient light sources using a human vision simulating spectroradiometer. MATERIALS AND METHODS. CIE color coordinates, such as $L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$, of ceramic specimens were measured under three light sources, which simulate the CIE standard illuminant D65 (daylight), A (incandescent lamp), and F9 (fluorescent lamp). Shifts in color and color coordinate by the switch of lights were determined. Influence of the switched light (D65 to A, or D65 to F9), shade of veneer ceramics (A2 or A3), and brand of ceramics on the shifts was analyzed by a three-way ANOVA. RESULTS. Shifts in color and color coordinates were influenced by three factors (P<.05). Color shifts by the switch to A were in the range of 5.9 to 7.7 ${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ units, and those by the switch to F9 were 7.7 to 10.2; all of which were unacceptable (${\Delta}E{^*}_{ab}$ > 5.5). When switched to A, CIE $a^*$ increased (${\Delta}a^*$: 5.6 to 7.6), however, CIE $b^*$ increased (${\Delta}b^*$: 4.9 to 7.8) when switched to F9. CONCLUSION. Clinically simulated ceramics demonstrated clinically unacceptable color shifts according to the switches in ambient lights based on spectroradiometric readings. Therefore, shade matching and compatibility evaluation should be performed considering ambient lighting conditions and should be done under most relevant lighting condition.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.92.1-92.1
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• 2014

In astronomical spectroscopy, stable auto-guiding and accurate target centering capabilities are critical to increase the achievement of high observation efficiency and sensitivity. We developed an instrument control software for the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph (IGRINS), a high spectral resolution near-infrared slit spectrograph with (R=40,000). IGRINS is currently installed on the McDonald 2.7 m telescope in Texas, USA. We had successful commissioning observations in March, May, and July of 2014. The role of the IGRINS slit-viewing camera (SVC) is to move the target onto the slit, and to provide feedback about the tracking offsets for the auto-guiding. For a point source, we guide the telescope with the target on the slit. While for an extended source, we use another a guide star in the field offset from the slit. Since the slit blocks the center of the point spread function, it is challenging to fit the Gaussian function to guide and center the target on slit. We developed several center finding algorithms, e.g., 2D-Gaussian Fitting, 1D-Gaussian Fitting, and Center Balancing methods. In this presentation, we show the results of auto-guiding performances with these algorithms.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.55.5-56
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• 2016

Turbulence plays an important role in molecular clouds. However, the properties of turbulence are poorly understood. In order to study the influence of turbulence in molecular clouds, we need to sample the turbulent properties in the full range of scales down to sonic scale. We mapped the $20^{\prime}{\times}60^{\prime}$ area covering the Orion Molecular Cloud (OMC) 1-4 region in HCN 1-0 and HCO+ 1-0 with Taeduk Radio Astronomy Observatory (TRAO) 14-m telescope as part of the TRAO key science program, "Mapping turbulent properties of star-forming molecular clouds down to the sonic scale (PI: Jeong-Eun Lee)". In addition, we combine our TRAO data with other molecular line maps ($^{13}CO$ 1-0, $C^{18}O$ 1-0, CS 1-0, $N_2H^+$ 1-0) obtained with the Nobeyama Radio Observatory (NRO) 45-m telescope. To analyze these data, we apply statistical methods, the principal component analysis (PCA) and spectral correlation function (SCF), which are known to be useful to study underlying turbulent properties and to quantitatively characterize cloud structure. We will present the preliminary results of observations and analyses.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.846-860
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• 2011

The binaural auditory system of human has ability to differentiate the direction and the distance of the sound sources by using the information which are inter-aural intensity difference(IID), inter-aural time difference(ITD) and/or the spectral shape difference(SSD). These information is generated from the acoustical transfer of a sound source to pinna, the outer ears. We can create a virtual sound system using the information which is called Head related transfer function(HRTF). However the performance of 3D sound is not always satisfactory because of non-individual characteristics of the HRTF. In this paper, we propose the algorithm that uses human's auditory characteristics for accurate perception. To achieve this, excitation energy of HRTF, global masking threshold and loudness are applied to the proposed algorithm. Informal listening test shows that the proposed method improves the sound localization characteristics much better than conventional methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.265-271
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• 2004

The interaction network of protein -protein plays an important role to understand the various biological functions of cells. Currently, the high -throughput experimental techniques (two -dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectroscopy, yeast two -hybrid assay) provide us with the vast amount of data for protein-protein interaction at the proteome scale. In order to recognize the role of each protein in their network, the efficient bioinformatical and computational analysis methods are required. We propose a systematic and mathematical method which can analyze the protein -protein interaction network rigorously and enable us to capture the biological and physical essence of a topological character and stability of protein -protein network, and sensitivity of each protein along the biological pathway of their network. We set up a Laplacian matrix of spectral graph theory based on the protein-protein network of yeast proteome, and perform an eigenvalue analysis and apply a perturbation method on a Laplacian matrix, which result in recognizing the center of protein cluster, the identity of hub proteins around it and their relative sensitivities. Identifying the topology of protein -protein network via a Laplacian matrix, we can recognize the important relation between the biological pathway of yeast proteome and the formalism of master equation. The results of our systematic and mathematical analysis agree well with the experimental findings of yeast proteome. The biological function and meaning of each protein cluster can be explained easily. Our rigorous analysis method is robust for understanding various kinds of networks whether they are biological, social, economical...etc

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2008

Objectives : There has been a continued debate regarding the role of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing(EMDR). This study examined the possible autonomic effect of horizontal eye movements after being exposed to fearful stimuli. Methods : Fifty two healthy adult women were randomly allocated to eye movement or eye fixed groups after watching a five minute fear-inducing film clip. ECG was recorded during the resting state, after watching the clip, and the treatment. A spectral power analysis of the heart rate variability was performed. As the variables violated the rule of normal distribution and the number in each group is small the non-parametric test was used. Results : Overall, we did not find the differences between the groups in both time and frequency domains. Some minor differences found were not consistent with results from previous studies. Conclusions : Effect of eye movement on autonomic nervous system during fear desensitization was not supported in this experiment. Further study with other psychophysiological measures is needed to understand the role of eye movements in treatment of traumatic memory.