• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.125-135
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• 2009

Owing to its fast computing capability for fusing images, the FIHS(Fast Intensity Hue Saturation) fusion is widely used for fusion purposes. However, the FIHS fusion also distorts color in the same way such as the IHS(Intensity Hue Saturation) fusion technique. In this paper, a FIHS fusion technique(FIHS-BR) which reduces color distortion by using the ratio of each spectral band and an adaptive FIHS fusion(FIHS-SABR) using spatial information and the ratio of each spectral band are proposed. The proposed FIHS-BR fusion reduces color distortion by adding different spatial detail improvement values for each spectral band. The spatial detail improvement values are derived from the ratio of spectral band. And the proposed FIHS-SABR fusion reduces more color distortion by readjusting the spatial detail improvement values for each spectral band according to the ratio of the spectral bands. The spatial detail improvement values are derived adaptively from the characteristics of spatial information of the local image. To evaluate the performance of the proposed FIHS-BR fusion and FIHS-SABR fusion, a computer simulation is performed for IKONOS remote sensing image. Results from the experiments show that the proposed methods have less color distortion for the forest regions which reveal severe color distortion in the traditional FIHS fusion. From the evaluation results of the characteristics of spectral information for fused image, we show that the proposed methods have best results.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.451-460
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• 2023

Objective: This program aimed to reveal the association of feed intrinsic molecular structure with nutrient supply to animals from canola feedstocks and co-products from bio-oil processing. The special objective of this study was to quantify the relationship between molecular spectral feature and nutrient availability and develop nutrient prediction equation with vibrational molecular structure spectral profiles. Methods: The samples of feedstock (canola oil seeds) and co-products (meals and pellets) from different bio-oil processing plants in Canada (CA) and China (CH) were submitted to this molecular spectroscopic technique and their protein and carbohydrate related molecular spectral features were associated with the nutritional results obtained through the conventional methods of analyses for chemical and nutrient profiles, rumen degradable and intestinal digestible parameters. Results: The results showed that the spectral structural carbohydrates spectral peak area (ca. 1,487.8 to 1,190.8 cm^-1) was the carbohydrate structure that was most significant when related to various carbohydrate parameters of canola meals (p<0.05, r>0.50). And spectral total carbohydrate area (ca. 1,198.5 to 934.3 cm^-1) was most significant when studying the various carbohydrate parameters of canola seeds (p<0.05, r>0.50). The spectral amide structures (ca. 1,721.2 to 1,480.1 cm^-1) were related to a few chemical and nutrient profiles, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) fractions, truly absorbable nutrient supply based on the Dutch protein system (DVE/OEB), and NRC systems, and intestinal in vitro protein-related parameters in co-products (canola meals). Besides the spectral amide structures, α-helix height (ca. 1,650.8 to 1,643.1 cm^-1) and β-sheet height (ca. 1,633.4 to 1,625.7 cm^-1), and the ratio between them have shown to be related to many protein-related parameters in feedstock (canola oil seeds). Multi-regression analysis resulted in moderate to high R² values for some protein related equations for feedstock (canola seeds). Protein related equations for canola meals and carbohydrate related equations for canola meals and seeds resulted in weak R² and low p values (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy vibrational molecular spectroscopy can be a useful resource to predict carbohydrate and protein-relates nutritional aspects of canola seeds and meals.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2000

In recent year, many imaging systems have been developed, and it became increasingly important to exchange image data through the computer network. Therefore, it is required to reproduce color image independently on each imaging device. However, even if the image are same, perceived color is not always same under different viewing conditions. On the other hand, even if the image are different, we want to perceive same color under different viewing conditions. Therefore we must know the spectral reflectance information of object. We measured many reflectance human skin can be estimate using only three principal component. For Munsell color patches, five principle components were necessary to estimate the reflectance spectra. For that purpose, we have developed color image acquisition system that is composed of five band filters and CCD camera. Improved spectral reflectance of object is predicted by five band images taken by color image acquisition system and then we take account of camera's noise and component of object image for predicting accurate spectral reflectance of object. In the results, we confirmed that color difference and MSE(Mean Square Error) between measured and predicted spectral reflectance of object decreased into 0.0071 and 7.72 respectively.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.255-270
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• 2006

Several analytical procedures available in literature, for the evaluation of wind induced fatigue damage of structures, either assume the wide band random stress variations as narrow band random process or use correction factors along with narrow band assumption. This paper compares the correction factors obtained using the Rainflow Cycle (RFC) counting of the measured stress time histories on a lamp mast and a lattice tower, with those evaluated using different frequency domain methods available in literature. A Bi-modal spectral method has been formulated by idealising the single spectral moment method into two modes of background and resonant components, as considered in the gust response factor, for the evaluation of fatigue of slender structures subjected to "along-wind vibrations". A closed form approximation for the effective frequency of the background component has been developed. The simplicity and the accuracy of the new method have been illustrated through a case study by simulating stress time histories at the base of an urban light pole for different mean wind speeds. The correction factors obtained by the Bi-modal spectral method have been compared with those obtained from the simulated stress time histories using RFC counting method. The developed Bi-modal method is observed to be a simple and easy to use alternative to detailed time and frequency domain fatigue analyses without considerable computational and experimental efforts.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.601-617
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• 2014

In digital radio broadcasting systems, long delays are incurred in service start time when tuning to a particular frequency because several synchronization steps, such as symbol timing synchronization, frame synchronization, and carrier frequency offset and sampling frequency offset compensation are necessary. Therefore, the operation of the synchronization blocks causes delays ranging from several hundred milliseconds to a few seconds until the start of the radio service after frequency tuning. Furthermore, if spectrum inversed signals are transmitted in digital radio broadcasting systems, the receivers are unable to decode them, even though most receivers can demodulate the spectral inversed signals in analog radio broadcasting systems. Accordingly, fast synchronization techniques and a method for spectral inversion detection are required in digital radio broadcasting systems that are to replace the analog radio systems. This paper presents a joint detection method of frame, integer carrier frequency offset, and spectrum inversion for DRM Plus digital broadcasting systems. The proposed scheme can detect the frame and determine whether the signal is normal or spectral inversed without any carrier frequency offset and sampling frequency offset compensation, enabling fast frame synchronization. The proposed method shows outstanding performance in environments where symbol timing offsets and sampling frequency offsets exist.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.43 no.3 s.309
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• pp.25-30
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• 2006

An infrared imaging method is proposed in which direct measurement of the spectral response of CCD sensors can be achieved through digital image processing. This method allows for a simple and economic method to detect the spectral sensitivity of commercialized CCD sensors. The key components of the apparatus are a monochromator, CCD-sample supporter and a personal computer equipped with a digital image processing systems. Tentative experimentation conducted on the commercialized CCD camera has resulted in a fairly consistent agreement with the theoretical model.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.3-16
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• 2002

We examined some problems in speaker identification procedures: transformation of acoustic parameters into auditory scales, invalid measurement values, and comparability of spectral energy values across the frequency range. To resolve those problems, we analyzed the acoustic spectral energy of three Korean numbers produced by ten female students from narrow-band spectrograms at 19 proportional time points of each voiced segment. Then, cells of the first five spectral matrices were averaged to form a matrix model for each speaker. The correlation coefficients and sum of the absolute amplitude difference in each pair of the spectral models of the ten subjects were obtained. Also, some individual matrix models were compared to those of the same subject or the other subject with a similar spectral model. Results showed that in numbers '2' and '9' subjects could not be clearly distinguished from the others but in number '4' it shed some possibility of setting threshold values for speaker identification if we employed the coefficients and the sum of absolute difference. Further studies would be desirable on various combinations of the range of long-term average spectra and the degree of signal pre-emphasis.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.109-115
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• 2011

The purposes of this study were to identify acoustic parameters of connected speech and to contribute to acoustic analysis of dysphonic voice about patient's natural speech voice as well as sustained phonation of vowels. Acoustic parameters of sentences included LTAS (long-term average spectrum) mean and spectral slope over frequence ranges such as 0-4kHz, 0-6kHz, 0-8kHz, 0-12.5kHz as well as HNR. Acoustic parameters of the vowel 'a' included jitter, RAP, shimmer, NHR, and HNR. Based on 'G' of GRBAS for the severity of dysphonia, two experienced raters judged and classified as four groups including controls, mild, moderate and severe dysphonic group. Connected speech was two sentences extracted from 'stroll' passage. Parameters of the vowel and LTAS mean of the sentences were measured by CSL. The spectral slope of the sentences and HNR of the vowel and the sentences were measured by Praat. Data were statistically analyzed by Spearman correlation and Kruskal-Wallis test using SPSS 12.0. The results of this study are as follows: First, jitter, RAP, shimmer and NHR were significantly different between the groups. Second, for several frequencies, LTAS mean and spectral slope of the sentences were significantly different between the groups. Third, the HNR of the sentences were significantly different between the groups. Forth, there was a presence of correlation between HNR and NHR of the vowel and HNR of the sentences. Accordingly, this study concluded that LTAS, spectral slope, and HNR were predictive parameters of connected speech voice for dysphonic voice.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.343-345
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• 2017

We present the development of a spectral dispersion device for wideband spectroscopy for which the primary scientific objective is the characterization of transiting exoplanets. The principle of the disperser is simple: a grating is fabricated on the surface of a prism. The direction of the spectral dispersion power of the prism is crossed with the grating. Thus, the prism separates the spectrum into individual orders while the grating produces a spectrum for each order. In this work, ZnS was selected as the material for the cross disperser, which was designed to cover the wavelength region, ${\lambda}=0.6-13{\mu}m$, with a spectral resolving power, $R{\geq}50$. A disperser was fabricated, and an evaluation of its surface was conducted. Two spectrometer designs, one adopting ZnS (${\lambda}=0.6-13{\mu}m$, $R{\geq}300$) and the other adopting CdZnTe (${\lambda}=1-23{\mu}m$, $R{\geq}250$), are presented. The spectrometers, each of which has no moving mechanical parts, consist simply of a disperser, a focusing mirror, and a detector.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1773-1783
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• 1996

Finite element method(FEM) is one of the most popularly used method analyzing the dynamic behaviors of structures. But unless number of finite elements is large enough, the results from FEM some what different from exact analytical solutions, especially at high frequency range. On the other hand, as the spectral analysis method(SAM) deals directly with the governing equations of a structure, the results from this melthod cannot but be exact regardless of any frequency range. However, the SAM can be applied only to the case where a structure is subjected to the concentrated loads, despite a structure could be unddergone distributed loads more generally. In this paper, therefore, new spectral analysis algorithm is introduced through the spectral element method(SEM), so that it can be applied to anlystructures whether they are subjected to the concentrated loads or to the distributed loads. The results from this new SEM are compared with both the results from FEM and the exact analytical solutions. As expected, the results from new SEM algorithm are found to be almost identical to the exact analytical solutions while those from FEM are not agreed well with the exact analytical solutions as the mode number increases.