• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.22-28
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• 2005

The electrical characterstic of earth is the most dominant factor for grounding design and an earth is typically represented by a uniform medium with the specific earth resistivity, which is unique for a specific site. For a hand-working grounding design using a specific earth resistivity requires a process converting a real earth of complex medium into a simple uniform medium In this paper, we suggest a procedure to convert a multi-layered earth s into a simpler uniform earth for grounding design of Myanmar 500[kV] transmission towers.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.703-705
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• 2005

접지설계에 있어서 토양의 전기적 특성은 접지극의 형상과 더불어 가장 중요한 설계요소 중 하나이며 이러한 토양의 전기적 특성은 접지극이 매설될 지역의 고유한 저항률, 즉 고유저항률(specific earth resistivity)로 대표되어 왔다. 이처럼 고유저항률에 근거한 수작업 접지설계는 복잡한 구조와 특성을 갖는 실제 토양을 균일한 매질로 등가화하는 절차를 필요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 미얀마 500 kV 송전철탑 수작업 접지설계를 위하여 수평다층토양을 균일매질로 등가화하는 절차를 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2015

An electrical resistivity survey is widely conducted for the safety management of embankment. In this study we investigated how a tidal variation affects the interpretation of electrical resistivity monitoring data of the embankment located in west coast. We monitored the variation of electrical resistivity on the coastal embankment where there was a high tidal variation for 3 days in every 3 hours. Electrical resistivity monitoring data showed a variation of resistivity distribution in specific area according to the time, which demonstrated some correlation with a tidal height variation. Therefore, we highly recommend that a tidal effect be considered when electrical resistivity survey is conducted on the embankment where there is a high tidal variation. For further study, we need a long term electrical resistivity monitoring and analyzing on tidal variation.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.187-197
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• 2021

Clay mineral content of weathered zone is a key parameter for landslide studies. Electrical resistivity tomography is usually performed to delineate the geometry of complex landslides and to identify the sliding surface. In clay-bearing weathered zone, parallel resistivity Archie equation is employed to investigate the effect of conductivity added (resistivity reduced) by clay minerals of kaolinite and montmorillonite, which is dependent on their specific surface area and cation exchange capacities (CEC). A decrease of overall resistivity and apparent formation factor is observed with increasing pore-water resistivity, significantly in montmorillonite. Formation factor is found decreased with increasing porosity and decreasing cementation factor. Parallel Archie equation was applied to the electrical resistivity data from the test area (Sinjindo-ri, Taean-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea) which experienced land creeping in the year of 2014. A panel test with varying clay-mineral contents provides the best fit section when the theoretical section constructed with the assumed contents approaches the field section, from which the clay-mineral content of the weathered zone is estimated to be approximately 10%. Resistivity interpretation schemes including the clay mineral contents for land creeping studies explored in this paper can be challenged more when porosity, saturation, and pore-water resistivity are provided and they are included in the numerical resistivity modeling.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.370-377
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the current saturation which forces the apparent resistivity to converge when the conductivity contrast between the anomalous body and background medium is greater than a specific value. Analizing theoretical and numerical solutions for some simple models, we studied the behavior of the surface charge, and how the surface charge cause the current saturation and finally lead to the convergence of the apparent resistivity in the resistivity method. As a consequence of above analysis, we verified that the current saturation makes the apparent resistivity converge to a specific value and the magnitude of the apparent resistivity anomaly be less than that of the ideal conductor or insulator in the resistivity method. In general, current saturation is considered to occur when the conductivity contrast becomes larger than 100.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07c
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• pp.1492-1493
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• 2006

Wenner 4-probe arrangement is used most widely by the method to measure soil resistivity and the measured data with the Wenner method are apparent resistivities of the soil. Therefore, the soil structure can be analyzed easily from the measured apparent resistivity, but the real soil resistivity is difficult to know correctly at a particular depth or at a specific location on earth surface. This paper introduces a method that can be used to decide the suitable burial depth and the electrode scale of a grounding rod effectively using soil structure analysis equipment based on the dipole-dipole method.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.507-522
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• 2021

Specific survey objectives often cannot be met using only one geophysical method, as each method's results are influenced by the specific physical properties of subsurface materials. In particular, areas susceptible to geological hazards require investigation using more than one method in order to reduce risks to life and property. Instead of analyzing the results from each method separately, this work develops a four-quadrant criterion for classifying areas of levees as safe or weak. The assessment is based on statistically determined thresholds of seismic velocity (P-wave velocity from seismic refraction and S-wave velocity from multichannel analysis of surface waves) and electrical resistivity. Thresholds are determined by subtracting the standard deviation from the mean during performance testing of this correlation technique applied to model data of four horizontal and inclined fracture zones. Compared with results from the crossplot of resistivity and P-wave velocity, crossplot analysis using resistivity and S-wave velocity data provides more reliable information on the soil type, ground stiffness, and lithological characteristics of the levee system. A loose and sandy zone (represented by low S-wave velocity and high resistivity) falling within the second quadrant is interpreted to be a weak zone. This interpretation is well supported by the N values from standard penetrating test for the central core.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.295-315
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• 2024

Urban development and the expansion of electrical resistivity surveying applications have increased the need for soil and underground structure investigations on paved surfaces. Traditional methods involved drilling through the pavement or surveying surrounding soil. Recently, non-invasive surveying techniques have been developed. This paper analyzes these methods, categorizing them into galvanic methods (including drilling and flat ground electrodes) and capacitive coupling methods. By examining case studies, it suggests selecting the appropriate method based on the pros and cons of each and the specific site characteristics. The paper also discusses the applicability and limitations of electrical resistivity surveying through various examples.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2006

Resistivity method is a practical and effective geophysical technique to detect leakage zones in embankment dams. Generally, resistivity survey conducted along the crest assumes that the embankment dam has a 2D structure. However, the 3D topography of embankments distorts significantly resistivity data measured on anywhere of the dam. In this study, we analyse the influence from 3D effects created by specific dam geometry through the 3D finite element modeling technique. We compared 3D effects when resistivity surveys are carried out on the upstream slope, left edge of the crest, center of the crest, right edge of the crest and downstream slope. We ensure that 3D effect is greatly different according to the location of the survey line and data obtained on the downstream slope are most greatly influenced by 3D dam geometry. Also, resistivity data are more influenced by the electrical resistivity of materials constituting reservoir than 3D effects due to specific dam geometry. Furthermore, using resistivity data synthesized with 3D modeling program for an embankment dam model with leakage zone, we analyse the possibility of leakages detection from 2D resistivity surveys performed along the embankment dam.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.397-406
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• 2010

Resistivity method is a practical and effective geophysical technique to detect leakage zones in embankment dams. Generally, resistivity survey conducted along the crest assumes that the embankment dam has a 2D structure. However, the 3D topography of the embankment distorts significantly resistivity data measured on anywhere of the dam. This study evaluates the influence from 3D effects created by specific dam geometry and effects of water level fluctuations through the 3D finite element modeling technique. Also, a comparison between different locations of survey line are carried out, and topographic correction technique is developed for the resistivity data obtained along the embankment dam. Furthermore, using synthetic resistivity data for an embankment dam model with leakage zone, detectability of leakage zones is estimated through 2.5D inversion.