• 셀메드
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.17.1-17.4
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• 2021

Episiotomy is the commonest obstetrics intervention in the world to reduce severe perineal injuries. Its prevalence is 43% to 100% in primiparous women in Asia. Further, worldwide approximately 10-95% of pregnant women undergo episiotomy incision during birth. Delay in wound healing probably increases the risk of wound infection, changes the muscular structure, and ultimately causes muscle tone loss. So, wound care is of specific significance to postnatal maternal outcomes. Hence, this case study aimed to evaluate the effect of Marham-i-Raal in episiotomy wound healing and pain relief. The study was conducted in eleven postpartum primi or multipara pregnant women aged between group 19 and 35 years with term gestational age, singleton pregnancy in a cephalic presentation who had a normal vaginal delivery with mediolateral episiotomy, without a perineal tear, and perineal hematoma. Externally, application of Marham-i-Raal 2g on episiotomy incisional wound, twice a day for 10 days was advised. Wound healing of episiotomy and pain intensity was assessed with REEDA ["redness, oedema, ecchymosis, discharge and approximation of the edges"] scoring and VAS scoring for pain intensity respectively. At one hour (baseline), the REEDA mean score of eleven patients was 3.90±1.04 whereas on day 7-10 it was 0.18±0.40 with statistically significant difference (p<0.001). The VAS mean score at one hour was 6.90±1.22 whereas on day 7-10 it was 0.72±0.78 with a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Marham-i-Raal would be effective in episiotomy wound healing and reducing pain intensity. Further, randomized double-blind controlled trials in large sample size are recommended.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.458-464
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• 2021

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is a kind of rechargeable secondary battery, developed from lithium battery, lithium ions move between the positive and negative electrodes to realize the charging and discharging of external circuits. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are porous crystalline materials in which organic imidazole esters are cross-linked to transition metals to form a framework structure. In this article, ZIF-67 is used as a sacrificial template to prepare nano porous carbon (NPC) coated cobalt nanoparticles. The final product Co/NPC composites with complete structure, regular morphology and uniform size were obtained by this method. The conductive network of cobalt and nitrogen doped carbon can shorten the lithium ion transport path and present high conductivity. In addition, amorphous carbon has more pores that can be fully in contact with the electrolyte during charging and discharging. At the same time, it also reduces the volume expansion during the cycle and slows down the rate of capacity attenuation caused by structure collapse. Co/NPC composites first discharge specific capacity up to 3115 mA h/g, under the current density of 200 mA/g, circular 200 reversible capacity as high as 751.1 mA h/g, and the excellent rate and resistance performance. The experimental results show that the Co/NPC composite material improves the electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties of the electrode. The cobalt based ZIF-67 as the precursor has opened the way for the design of highly performance electrodes for energy storage and electrochemical catalysis.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권6호
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• pp.1237-1244
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• 2022

Horse breeders suffer massive economic losses due to dystocia, abortion, and stillbirths. In Thoroughbred mares, breeders often miss the foaling process because approximately 86% of the foaling events occur from 19:00 to 7:00; consequently, breeders cannot assist mares experiencing dystocia. To solve this problem, various foaling alarm systems have been developed. However, there is a need to develop a new system to overcome the shortcomings of the existing devices and improve their accuracy. To this end, the present study aimed to (1) develop a novel foaling alarm system and (2) compare its accuracy with that of the existing Foalert^TM system. Specifically, eighteen Thoroughbred mares (11.9 ± 4.0 years old) were included. An accelerometer was used to analyze specific foaling behaviors. Behavioral data were transmitted to a data server every second. Depending on the acceleration value, behaviors were automatically classified by the server as categorized behaviors 1 (behaviors without change in body rotation), 2 (behaviors with sudden change in body rotation, such as rolling over), and 3 (behaviors with long-term change in body rotation, such as lying down laterally). The system was designed to alarm when the duration of categorized behaviors 2 and 3 was 12.9% and that of categorized behavior 3 was 1% during 10 min. The system measured the duration of each categorized behavior every 10 min and transmitted an alarm to the breeders when foaling was detected. To confirm its accuracy, the foaling detection time of the novel system was compared with that of Foalert^TM. The novel foaling alarm system and Foalert^TM alarmed foaling onset respectively 32.6 ± 17.9 and 8.6 ± 1.0 min prior to foal discharge, and the foaling detection rate of both systems was 94.4%. Therefore, the novel foaling alarm system equipped with an accelerometer can precisely detect and alert foaling onset.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.104-114
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• 2023

Three dimensional (3D) porous structures consisting of Cu@CoO core-shell-type nano-dendrites were synthesized and tested as the anode materials in lithium secondary batteries. For this purpose, first, the 3D porous films comprising Cu@Co core-shell-type nano-dendrites with various thicknesses were fabricated through the electrochemical co-deposition of Cu and Co. Then the Co shells were selectively anodized to form Co hydroxides, which was finally dehydrated to get Cu@CoO nanodendrites. The resulting electrodes exhibited very high reversible specific capacity almost 1.4~2.4 times the theoretical capacity of commercial graphite, and excellent capacity retention (~90%@50^th cycle) as compared with those of the existing transition metal oxides. From the analysis of the cumulative irreversible capacity and morphology change during charge/discharge cycling, it proved that the excellent capacity retention was attributed to the unique structural feature of our core-shell structure where only the thin CoO shell participates in the lithium storage. In addition, our electrodes showed a superb rate performance (70.5%@10.8 C-rate), most likely due to the open porous structure of 3D films, large surface area thanks to the dendritic structure, and fast electron transport through Cu core network.

• Composites Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 미세 방전가공(Electrical Discharge Machining; EDM) 기계를 위한 샌드위치 구조를 설계하기 위해 복합재료의 적층 순서, 두께, 그리고 리브의 형상 등을 고려한 파라메트릭 연구를 수행하였다. 샌드위치 구조는 면재인 섬유강화 복합재료와 심재인 레진 콘크리트 및 고분자 포움으로 이루어졌다. 컬럼은 정적 굽힘강성과 비굽힘강성을 높이기 위해 십자 리브를 가진 형상으로 설계하였으며, 적층 순서와 두께를 조절하였다. 베드의 경우 양방향의 강성을 동시에 향상시키기 위해 적층 순서와 리브 형상을 조절하였다. 최적의 고강성을 얻기 위하여 리브의 두께와 면재의 두께 등 설계 파라메터의 최적치를 제안하였다. 각 설계 파라메터의 변화에 따른 구조의 정적, 동적 강성의 변화를 확인하기 위해 유한요소해석을 수행하였으며, 진동 실험을 통하여 각 요소의 고유진동수와 감쇠비를 측정하여 비교하였다. 이러한 결과로부터 고정밀 미세 방전가공 기계 구조를 위한 최적의 형상조건을 제안하였다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Ti₃C₂T_x MXene, a 2D material, is known to exhibit unique characteristics that are strongly dependent on surface termination groups. Here, we developed a novel annealing approach with Ca as a reducing agent to simultaneously remove F and O groups from the surface of multilayered MXene powder. Unlike H₂ annealing that removes F effectively but has difficulty in removing O, annealing with Ca effectively removed both O and F. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the proposed approach effectively removed F and O from the MXene powder. The results of O/N analyses showed that the O concentration decreased by 57.5% (from 2.66 to 1.13 wt%). In addition, XPS fitting showed that the volume fraction of metal oxides (TiO₂ and Al₂O₃) decreased, while surface termination groups (-O and -OH) were enhanced, which could increase the hydrophilic and adsorption properties of the MXene. These findings suggest that when F and O are removed from the MXene powder, the interlayer spacing of its lattice structure increases. The proposed treatment also resulted in an increase in the specific surface area (from 5.17 to 10.98 m²/g), with an increase in oxidation resistance temperature in air from ~436 to ~667 ℃. The benefits of this novel technology were verified by demonstrating the significantly improved cyclic charge-discharge characteristics of a lithium-ion battery with a Ca-treated MXene electrode.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.550-557
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• 2023

In zinc-air batteries, the gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is an important factor for improving performance. The rigid physical properties of polyvinyl alcohol reduce ionic conductivity, which degrades the performance of the batteries. Zinc acetate is an effective additive that can increase ionic conductivity by weakening the bonding structure of polyvinyl alcohol. In this study, polymer electrolytes were prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol and zinc acetate dihydride. The material properties of the prepared polymer electrolytes were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Also, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to calculate ionic conductivity. The electrolyte resistances of GPE, 0.2 GPE, 0.4 GPE, and 0.6 GPE were 0.394, 0.338, 0.290, and 0.213 Ω, respectively. In addition, 0.6 GPE delivered 0.023 S/cm high ionic conductivity. Among all of the polymer electrolytes tested, 0.6 GPE showed enhanced cycle life performance and the highest specific discharge capacity of 11.73 mAh/cm² at 10 mA. These results verified that 0.6 GPE improves the performance of zinc-air batteries.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.798-809
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• 2023

In this study, we evaluated the impacts of land-based pollution sources on seawater and shellfish in the Jindongman area after 20.5 mm and 90.6 mm rainfall events. We analyzed sanitary indicator microorganisms used in survey management, such as total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, and male-specific coliphage in Waste water treatment plant (WWTP), major inland pollution source,s seawater, and shellfish for 4 days after rainfall events. Our results showed that the range of coliform group and fecal coliform was 1.8-49 and <1.8-4.5 MPN (most probable number)/100 mL, respectively, after rainfall events in WWTP discharge water. Furthermore, the radius of the calculated impacted area of major inland pollution sources ranged from 5 to 798 m after 20.5 mm of rainfall and 30 to 1,031 m after 90.6 mm of rainfall. The fecal coliform of seawater at 30 stations in the shellfish growing area and areas adjacent to four stations was <1.8-130 and from <1.8-79 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The E. coli level of shellfish at 7 stations in the shellfish growing area was <18-220 MPN/100 g.

• Composites Research
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.422-428
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• 2023

스택 체결압에 의해 접촉되는 분리판(BP)과 탄소펠트전극(CFE) 사이의 전기적 접촉저항은 상대적으로 낮은 바나듐 레독스 흐름전지(VRFB) 스택의 체결압 때문에 스택 효율에 큰 여향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 접촉저항을 줄이고 셀 성능을 향상시키기 위해 국부 가열 접합 공정을 통해 폴리에틸렌(PE) 복합재료-CFE 하이브리드 BP 구조를 개발하였다. 탄소섬유 복합재료 BP의 PE 매트릭스를 국부적으로 녹여 CFE의 탄소 섬유와 BP의 탄소 섬유의 직접 접촉 구조를 만들어 전기 접촉 저항을 감소시겼다. PE 복합재료-CFE 하이브리드 BP의 성능을 평가하기 위해 면적비저항(ASR)과 기체투과도를 측정하였다. 또한 스택 신뢰성을 측정하기 위해 내산성 시험을 수행하였다. 최종적으로, 개발된 PE 복합재료-CFE 하이브리드 BP와 기존의 BP의 성능을 비교 분석하기 위하여 VFRB 단위셀 충/방전 시험을 수행하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2024

A 3-year-old spayed female Russian blue cat was presented for dyspnea, nasal discharge, and stertorous breathing. Plain thoracic radiography revealed no specific findings. Computed tomography (CT) was performed to differentiate upper airway tract disorders. It revealed the presence of an iso-attenuating mass measuring 10.0 × 7.9 × 15.6 mm, with mild homogeneous contrast enhancement occupying the rostral nasopharynx. The mass was surgically debulked via a longitudinal incision in the soft palate. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis of the surgically excised mass revealed CD3-/CD79a+ B cell lymphoma with an incomplete margin. The patient underwent hypofractionated radiation therapy, receiving a total of 36 Gray (Gy) in 6 Gy fractions over a six-week period. A follow-up CT examination was performed after 27 months of irradiation and the patient was confirmed to have achieved a complete response. There were no complications related to irradiation. The patient was alive for 40 months without recurrence. This study suggests that hypofractionated radiation therapy combined with surgical debulking could be considered as a treatment option for feline nasopharyngeal lymphoma.