• 임상간호연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.154-163
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based guideline for stoma management providing institutional policy, assessment, complications and follow-up care. Methods: The guideline adaptation manual consisting of 23 steps developed by the National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency was used for this study. It presents an overview of the process used to develop the guideline and lists specific recommendations from the guideline. Results: It provides 55 recommendations that include the following 8 topics: 1) Organization and policy recommendations, 2) Preoperative nursing; Ostomy education, stoma site marking, 3) Ostomy formation, 4) Postpoperative nursing; education, assessment, high output stoma management, 5) Selection of ostomy products, 6) Colostomy irrigation, 7) Stomal and peristomal complications, 8) Follow-up care after discharge. Conclusion: The guideline can be used to address stoma management in hospital settings. The intent of the guideline is to provide information that will assist healthcare providers to manage adult patients with ostomies, prevent or decrease complications, and improve patients' outcomes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.2343-2347
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• 2013

In this work, manganese dioxide ($Mn_3O_4$)/carbon black (CB) composites (Mn-CBs) were prepared by an in situ coating method as electrical fillers and the effect of the Mn-CBs on the electrical performance of activated carbon (AC)-based electrodes was investigated. Structural features of Mn-CBs produced via in situ coating using a $KMnO_4$ solution were confirmed by XRD and TEM images. The electrical performances, including cv curves, charge-discharge behaviors, and specific capacitance of the ACs/Mn-CBs, were determined by cyclic voltammograms. It was found that the composites of $Mn_3O_4$ and CBs were successfully formed by in situ coating method. ACs/Mn-CBs showed higher electrical performance than that of AC electrodes fabricated with conventional CBs due to the pesudocapacitance reaction of manganese oxides in the aqueous electrolyte. Consequently, it is anticipated that the incorporation of $Mn_3O_4$ into CBs could facilitate the utilization of CBs as electrical filler, leading to enhanced electrochemical performance of AC electrodes for supercapacitors.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1993

용량 이행형 방전여기에 의한 소형 XeCl레이저를 제작하고, 가스 혼합비에 따른 출력특성을 조사하였다. 내자형 capacitor에 의한 자동 예비전리 방식과 2.7 cm 간격의 Chang형상으로 가공된 전극구조의 레이저를 구성하여 2.7cm${\times}$1.5cm 크기의 출력 빔을 얻었고, Xe과 HC1의 농도 변화 및 완충 기체의 종류에 따른 최대 출력 에너지 및 최대 효율 조건을 조사하였다. 최대 레이저 펄스 에너지는 Ne 완충기체를 사용시 230mJ이며, 단위 방전 체적당 1.1 J/l의 에너지를 얻었으며, 최대 에너지 효율은 1.6%이었다. 1:3의 낮은 비율의 피-킹 캐패시턴스의 구성에 의해 레이저 펄스폭은 장펄스 효과를 나타내 foot-to-foot 200 ns로 측정되었다.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2003년도 유체기계 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.278-283
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• 2003

A generation rate of sludge in Korea had increased dramatically about 200 % for a decade. A requirement for high efficiency dewatering system being possible to produce the low water content cake have suggested due to the appearanceof commercial and social problems about handling of dewatered cake. The conventional dewatering system with mechanical compression device was not suitable to produce the low water content cake and didn'tcope with lots of requirements. Therefore, this paper was to develop the high efficient filter press with the compressive and heating forces through the heating plate to be built between membrane filter plates. It is possible to produce the low water content cake and improve the dewatering rate, so this equipment positively coped with several types of problems related to the sludge dewatering. The plate heated by heat transfer materials such as steam, hot water and thermo-oil made the sludge make the residual moisture within the cake to discharge easilyand to improve the dewatering efficiency of equipment. The pilot scale experiment with 500kg of cake production showed that the dewatering efficiency determined by the final water content and dewatering velocity was improved 30% more than the conventional dewatering equipment.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.352-359
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• 2010

In recent years, the market has shown increasing interest in pump-turbines. The prompt availability of pumped storage plants and the benefits to the power system achieved by peak lopping, providing reserve capacity, and rapid response in frequency control are providing a growing advantage. In this context, there is a need to develop pumpturbines that can reliably withstand dynamic operation modes, fast changes of discharge rate by adjusting the variable diffuser vanes, as well as fast changes from pumping to turbine operation. In the first part of the present study, various flow patterns linked to operation of a pump-turbine system are discussed. In this context, pump and turbine modes are presented separately and different load cases are shown in each operating mode. In order to create modern, competitive pump-turbine designs, this study further explains what design challenges should be considered in defining the geometry of a pump-turbine impeller. The second part of the paper describes an innovative, staggered approach to impeller development, applied to a low head pump-turbine project. The first level of the process consists of optimization strategies based on evolutionary algorithms together with 3D in-viscid flow analysis. In the next stage, the hydraulic behavior of both pump mode and turbine mode is evaluated by solving the full 3D Navier-Stokes equations in combination with a robust turbulence model. Finally, the progress in hydraulic design is demonstrated by model test results that show a significant improvement in hydraulic performance compared to an existing reference design.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

"Cut off line" in automotive passing beam has very important safety function because it serves for headlamp aiming. Headlights that are aimed incorrectly will not only perform poorly but also offend oncoming traffic. In addition, an objective definition of cut off line in low beam is necessary, since a requirement for correct aiming of the beams is specified within all the existing regulations. Accordingly, headlight regulations are requirements that automobiles must satisfy in order to be sold in a particular country. In this study, a more advanced recognition method for the cut off lines of the various headlamps commonly used in Europe, North America, and domestic is suggested and a headlamp testing system is developed to adjust the beam to the country-specific regulation. This system uses image processing technology to detect the cut off lines in the beam patterns of halogen headlamps, high-intensity discharge headlamps, and light-emitting diode headlamps as well.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2012

Spinel-$Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ was successfully synthesized by a solid-phase method at 800, 850, and $900^{\circ}C$ according to the $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ cubic spinel phase structure. To achieve higher EDLC energy density with the $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$, the negative electrode of the hybrid supercapacitor was studied in this work. The electrochemical performances of the hybrid supercapacitor and EDLC were characterized by constant current discharge curves, c-rate, and cycle performance testing. The capacitance (1st cycle) of the hybrid supercapacitor and EDLC was 209 and 109 F, respectively, which is higher than EDLC. The capacitance of the hybrid supercapacitor decreases from 209 F to 101 F after 20 cycles when discharged at several specific current densities ranging from 1 to 10 A. In contrast, capacitance of the EDLC hardly decreases after 20 cycles. Results show that hybrid supercapacitor benefits from the high rate capability of supercapacitor and high capacity of the battery. Findings also prove that the hybrid supercapacitor is an energy storage device where the supercapacitor and the Li ion secondary battery coexist in one cell system.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
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• pp.173-175
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• 2002

In general, CT and Shunt have been traditionally used as a sensor for detecting the partial discharges in order to diagnose the present insulation state of the electric power apparatus. The former is very convenient for the practical application since it is not only non-contact method but its frequency bandwidth and resonance frequency could be designed for its specific application. However, it has been proved to have poor linearity and low sensitivity. For the latter, even though it is an ideal sensor, noise from the power source and the ground could flow into the system. Furthermore, the surge current could be easily come into the measuring systems giving rise to a severe breakdown. In this respect, a hybrid sensor has been designed and fabricated in order to overcome the shortcoming of these two types of sensors. For this purpose, the experimental comparison with commercialized products has been also carried out. In this concept of the hybrid sensor, two different impedances could provide the passage of the signals. In this way, the discrimination of the noise could be accomplished very effectively with high ratio of signal over noise(S/N) under the little influence from the external noises and the breakdown.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.781-785
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• 1998

무정형탄소인 petroleum cokes를 대상으로 attrition mill을 이용하여 6~48시간 동안 분쇄한 후 이를 $700^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 동안 열처리한 후 재료특성과 전기화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 분쇄에 의한 효과에 의하여 입도분포와 BET 비표면적의 변화가 발생하였으며 내부의 층간거리도 변화시킬 수 있었다. 이들의 재료특성 변화에 의한 cyclic voltammogram과 충 방전 특성과의 관계를 조사한 결과, 분쇄시간 12~24시간에서 분쇄된 후의 경우가 $6{\sim}8{\mu}m$의 평균입도를 가지며 비교적 큰 층간거리와 표면적을 가질 때 전기화학적 특성이 비교적 우수하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.511-511
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• 2015

국가적 측면에서 수자원의 효율적 관리는 국민의 안전 등 중요한 요소이며, 이를 위하여 수자원 장기 계획을 필요로 한다. 설계홍수량의 적정성 판단 및 첨두홍수량의 파악은 수자원 계획에 꼭 필요한 요소이다. 이를 산정하기 방법으로는 "설계홍수 추정 지침서(1993, 국토교통부)"에서 제시한 비유량법을 활용한 추정공식을 제시한 바 있다. 하지만, 기존에 제시된 비유량 산정 공식의 경우 유역면적 하나만을 매개변수로 하는 회귀식이기 때문에 급변하고 있는 강우 패턴 등의 반영이 어려울 것으로 판단되었으며, 특히 도시화 및 기후변화의 영향으로 인한 불투수면적의 증가와 집중호우 등의 극치수문사상이 발생됨에 따라 기존의 비유량법에 의해 첨두홍수량을 추정할 경우 많은 차이가 있을 것으로 예상된다. 또한, 하천기본계획 및 소하천정비종합계획 등 대부분의 하천관련 정비계획에서는 단위도법에 의해 산정된 홍수량을 계획홍수량으로 결정하고 있으며 비유량법에 의한 첨두홍수량은 계획홍수량의 적정성 검증 정도로만 활용하고 있으며 신뢰성에 의문이 제기되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 도시유역을 대상으로 최근 수립된 하천기본계획 등의 계획홍수량 자료를 수집하고, 기존 비유량공식을 적용한 결과를 비교 검토하여 비유량 적용의 적정성을 판단하며 개선방안을 모색하고자 한다.