• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.549-555
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• 2018

In this study, the electrochemical properties of nano-Pb/activated carbon (nano-Pb/AC) composites and electrolyte additives were examined to improve the performance of ultra batteries. Physical properties of the prepared nano-Pb/AC composites were analyzed using FE-SEM, TEM, XPS and BET. The electrochemical performances of ultra batteries were performed by cycle, rate performance and impedance tests. The cycling performance of nano-Pb/AC (Pb : 9 wt%) coated ultra battery increased by 150% with respect to the lead acid one, and the discharge specific capacity increased by 119-122% for 1-5 C rate tests. As a result of the impedance test, it was confirmed that the internal resistance decreased as the nano lead content increased. The cycle performance of the ultra battery containing 0.45 vol% electrolyte additives showed 140% longer than that of no electrolyte additives.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.421-426
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• 2012

As headlamp technology advances, newly developed various headlamps were introduced in the market. The objective of this study is to quantitatively analyze the detection distance of the recently developed LED headlamps and existing headlamps, complying with specific technical standard. Background: The detection distance of headlamps is very important to prevent automobile accident at night time. The studies of detection distance of LED, Halogen and HID headlamp have been conducted, but no study has shown the detection distance of pedestrian target with various colors (Black, White, Blue). Method: The experiment of detection distance was conducted with 30 people, which divide into 2 groups as 15 men and 15 women. Automatic transferable target on the rail was manufactured in order to reduce the error of study's result, and ANOVA also conducted to analyze the main effect with sign color, sex and headlamp classified by detection distance. In addition, the luminance by average detection distance was measured as well. Results: The detection distance of headlamps was HID > LED > Halogen. The luminance measure of LED headlamp was lower than HID and Halogen headlamps. Conclusion: The headlamp performs a very significant role for safety at night time but it needs to be improved through assessment of visual characteristics. Also, it needs to be suggested the need of test method for dynamic detection distance concerning technical development is suggested.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.64-81
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• 2016

To analyze the influence of various groundwater flow rates (specific discharge) on BHE system with balanced and unbalanced energy loads under assuming same initial temperature (15℃) of ground and groundwater, numerical modeling using FEFLOW was used for this study. When groundwater flow is increased from 1 × 10⁻⁷ to 4 × 10⁻⁷m/s under balanced energy load, the performance of BHE system is improved about 26.7% in summer and 22.7% at winter time in a single BHE case as well as about 12.0~18.6% in summer and 7.6~8.7% in winter time depending on the number of boreholes in the grid, their array type, and bore hole separation in multiple BHE system case. In other words, the performance of BHE system is improved due to lower avT in summer and higher avT in winter time when groundwater flow becomes larger. On the contrary it is decreased owing to higher avT in summer and lower avT in winter time when the numbers of BHEs in an array are increased, Geothermal plume created at down-gradient area by groundwater flow is relatively small in balanced load condition while quite large in unbalanced load condition. Groundwater flow enhances in general the thermal efficiency by transferring heat away from the BHEs. Therefore it is highly required to obtain and to use adequate informations on hydrogeologic characterristics (K, S, hydraulic gradient, seasonal variation of groundwater temperature and water level) along with integrating groundwater flow and also hydrogeothermal properties (thermal conductivity, seasonal variation of ground temperatures etc.) of the relevant area for achieving the optimal design of BHE system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1973

Esophagel atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula may occur as separate entities but usually occur in combination. First described by Durston in 1670, esophageal atresia was not successfully treated until 1939 when Ladd in Boston and Leven in St. Paul obtained the first survivors utilizing the methods of gastrostomy, esophagostomy and extrapleural ligation of the tracheoesophageal fistula as multiple operations which required months of hospitalization. Two years later Cameron Haight performed the first successful primary repair and afterward about 2000 cases of esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula reported in the world. In Korea, there appeared about 27 cases in the literature and 8 successful repaired cases noted in these year. Anther report two cases of esophageal atresia, of which one case was successfully treated with Haight`s method. Case 1.: Normal full term delivered boy with chief complaints of respiratory difficulty and persistent drooling with chocking, 3. lkg, was admitted with emergency 5 hours after delivery. Physical findings revealed no specific abnormal signs except distended abdomen and grunting respiration. Esophagograrn and bronchogram revealed proximal esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula proximal to the carina. Parent refused operative therapy and patient died 24 hours after discharge. Case 2. :3. lkg. normal full term delivered girl was admitted 4 days after delivery with chief complaints of regurgitation after feeding, chocking, cyanotic spell and fever since the day after delivery. Physical examination revealed persistent drooling, grunting respiration, and fever with moderate dehydration. Tracheoesophageal suction and fluid therapy with antibiotics improved her condition and subsided ]pneumonic condition. Esophagogram revealed markedly dilated proximal esophagus as blind loop and stomach distended with gas, and repairing operation as Haight`s method was performed on the 7th day after delivery. Patient tolerated all the operative procedure well and recovered uneventfully. Esophagogram on the 7th postoperative day showed passage of the lipiodol through the anastomotic side with moderate stricture,and feeding permitted. Patient tolerated all the feeding amount well and discharged on the 11th postoperative day. Followup revealed intermittent regurgitation after feeding and corrected with bougination.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.178-186
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• 2018

Generally, in terms of the development of irrigation scheme, the efficient water resource management that supplies the irrigation water in consideration of the required time and accurate quantity to grow the crop should be conducted. The water resource assessment should precede to supply the irrigation water efficiently. The water resources assessment is divided into the water requirement analysis and the water availability assessment. In case of Korea, the major crop is paddy rice unlike crops of Africa, such as sugarcane, maize, and cassava, etc. Because it is not familiar with the method for upland irrigation development in tropical area, it needs to know the water resources assessment for irrigation scheme development about these crops. The Natama Scheme in Chiradzulu District of the Southern Malawi was selected as study area, which has tropical climate. From the collected meteorological data, the evapotranspiration was analyzed by Penman-Monteith Method and the effective rainfall was analyzed by USDA Soil Conservation Service Method. This study displays the results that for study area, the evapotranspiration varies from 2.80 mm/day to 5.51 mm/day and the effective rainfall varied from 2.1mm to 149.0mm. According to the selected crop (Green Maize, Dry Maize), the unit water requirement (UWR) and water demand (WD) considering the irrigation efficiency, irrigation time and irrigation area were estimated to be $0.00122m^3/s/ha$ and $0.0122m^3/s$ respectively. For the water availability assessment, the runoff of Natama scheme was calculated by specific yield method. The water availability was evaluated through reviewed differences of discharge between $Q80_{intake}$ and Total WD, and the irrigation water can be supplied sufficiently in the existing 10ha of Natama scheme. As a result of reviewing the extensibility of irrigable area, total WD of scheme is $0.02313m^3/s$, and $Q80_{intake}$ is $0.02387m^3/s$ ($Q80_{intake}$ > Total WD). Therefore, Natama scheme can be extended from 10 ha to 17 ha in the dry season in consideration of the $Q80_{intake}$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.652-658
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• 2016

Thermal batteries use inorganic salt as electrolyte, which is inactive at room temperature. As soon as heat pellets are fired by an igniter, all the solid electrolytes are instantly melted into excellent ionic conductors. However, the abnormal heat generation by the igniter flame or heat pellets causes the thermal decomposition of the electrode and the melting of the anode, eventually leading to a thermal runaway, which results in overheating or explosion. The thermal runaway can be significantly reduced by the adoption of $Zr/BaCrO_4$ heat papers. In this study, the heat papers with various ratios of fuel (Zr) and oxidizer ($BaCrO_4$) were prepared by the paper-making process. We have investigated the calorimetric value, burning rate, and ignition sensitivity. The ignition test of heat pellets and the discharge test of thermal batteries were also carried out. At the composition of 40 wt.% of Zr, the heat papers showed the highest specific calorimetric value and burning rate. As a result, $Zr/BaCrO_4$ heat paper made by the paper-making process has shown the applicability for thermal batteries.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.27-33
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• 2004

The catalytic effect of waterworks sludge on NOx removal in $BaTiO_3$pellets and sludge pellets combined packed-bed plasma reactor with plate-plate electrode geometry is measured for the various conditions. NOx removal rate is about 90[%] at $BaTiO_3$-sludge combined reactor used fresh sludge. $NO_2$ and $O_3$ as byproducts are significantly generated in only $BaTiO_3$ packed-bed plasma reactor, however, in $BaTiO_3$-sludge combined packed-bed reactor, $NO_2$ and $O_3$ are completely removed while $CO_2$ as by-products are observed from FTIR spectra. $NO_2$ and $O_3$ seem to react with metallic molecules, metal oxide, and organic compounds that are generally chlorophyll included in sludge. NOx removal rate increases with $O_2$ concentration increasing. Removal rates $NO_2$ and $O_3$ are independent of operating time and repetition measurement times.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

Objective : Being overweight or obesity impairs quality of life and often causes treatment noncompliance in patients with bipolar disorder. This preliminary study evaluated the prevalence of overweight and obesity in inpatients with bipolar mania. Methods : Inpatients with bipolar mania, who were treated with adequate medications at least 4 weeks were included in a retrospective study. The body weight of each patient was measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Results : Of the 80 patients, 16.4% (N=13) were overweight, and 35.0% (N=28) were obese at discharge. Female patients had higher prevalence rates of overweight and obesity. Being overweight or obesity was associated with the number of previous episodes of depression and combination treatment with atypical antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. Conclusions : Being overweight or obesity is highly prevalent in patients with bipolar mania. Clinicians should pay more attention to weight gain and obesity when prescribing combination therapies. More research is required to identify the impact of specific risk factors for overweight and obesity in patients with bipolar mania.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.5-14
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• 1997

This paper documents a study of the physiology of the lung. The aim of this paper is to better comprehend the physiological function of lung. To this end, the relationship between the physiological function of the lung and the characteristics of the 'Keum Un Qi Hua'(金運氣化), and the functional changes of the lung and its surrounding physiological systems have been studied in their relationship to the concept of the organism as a whole. The results of this study are as follows; The function of the lung is comprehended as corresponding to the 'Keum Un Qi Hua'. In visceral phenomenon, the lung has specific relations with the large intestine(大腸), nase(鼻), skin and hair(皮毛), sweat gland(汗孔), nasal mucus(涕), spirit(氣魄), grief and melancholy(憂 悲), the lung channel of hand-taiyin(手太陰肺經), the large intestine channel of hand-yangming(手陽明大腸經). This is called ‘the physiological systems of the lung’, and because these mutual relations reflect the functional changes of the lung, it is applied as the elementary knowledge to diagnose and treat the lung. For instance, a deficiency of the 'Qi‘ of the lung brings on an unconsolidated defending energy whose manifestations are sweating spontaneously as well as being susceptible to the common cold due to a diability in fighting against external pathogenic factors. Invasion of the lung by external pathogenic factors blocks the movement of the 'Qi' of the lung, which results in nasal obstraction. watery nasal discharge and a hyposmia. So the physiological functions and pathological changes of the lung can be determined by observing ’the physiological systems of the lung‘ based on the precepts of oriental medicine. As a result, the function of the lung is to be understood based on the characteristics of the 'Keum Un Qi Hua'. Furthermore we can know that the physiological systems of the lung mirrors the functional changes of the lung.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2006

This work described 3 infection cases caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals between 3 and 5 months of age. The disease histories were not fully taken from local veterinarians. At least 1 sick foal has been treated with cephalothins followed by penicillins during approximately 1 week, but died without effectiveness and other foals rearing with the animal have been suffering from severe pneumonia which show high fever, laboring respiration, cough and/or nasal discharge. There were many abscessations into lungs of 2 foals in postmortem examination and another 1 sample was pus collected from abscess around the shoulder, indicating the osteomyelitis. Those bacteria were grampositive coryneform and were identified as a R. equi by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers for R. equi-specific vapA gene. The pathogens were usually resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, cefazolin, clindamycin, sulfamethoxazol/trimethoprim, kanamycin, and tetracycline, while were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, orfloxacin, gentamicin, erythromycin, neomycin, and vancomycin. Some more foals with respiratory symptoms in 1 horse farm were treated by orally administration with erythromycin during 2 weeks. Because the combination of erythromycin and rifampin has recommended as the treatment for R. equi infections in foals, the local equine veterinarian can choose those antibiotics for the treatment of this disease in future. However, another antimicrobial agent may be necessary if R. equi resistant to both agents is isolated.