• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.569-577
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• 1996

This study was performed to determine the effect of maternal protein intake on 1) the concentration of immune substances in milk 2) degree of passive immunity to pups via lactation, and 3) specific antibody production to a specific antigen, $\beta$-lactoglobulin(BLG). 4) the effect of passive immunity that pups received from mother during lactation on the production of antibodies when the pups were challenged to the same antigen. Part of the female rats were immunized with BLG before and during pregnancy. The pregnant rats were placed into either 25% or 10% isolated soy protein diet throughout gestation and lactation. After weaning, pups from each group continued to be fed the same diet. At 18 weeks of age, all the pups were challenged with BLG. Total IgA and IgG, lysozyme, BLG-specific IgA and IgG were measured in dam's serum, dam's milk, and pup's serum. Total IgG, and lysozyme in dam's serum and milk were higher in high protein group. Total IgA and IgG in pup's serum remained higher in high protein group from 5 to 18 weeks of age. BLG-specific antibodies were found in the milk and serum of immunized dams, and in serum of pups born to immunized dams but not in the non-immunized group. BLG-specific IgA and IgG were again higher in high protein group and declined with time. The concentration decreased faster in the low proetein group than in the high protein groups. After immunization the pups with LBG, serum BLG-specific antibodies were not differ between rats born to immunized dams and those born to non-immunized dams. Therefore passive immunity rats received via milk as a pup had no effect on the BLG-specific antibody production later in life. This study shows the importance of protein status of mother and strongly support to the endorsement of breast feeding.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2013

In this research, we developed a biosensor to detect lung cancer-specific biomarker using Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) chip based on interference and nano surface plasmon resonance (nanoSPR). The nano-porous AAO chip was fabricated $2{\mu}m$ of pore-depth by two-step anodizing method for surface uniformity. NanoSPR has sensitivity to the refractive index (RI) of the surrounding medium and also provides simple and label-free detection when specific antibodies are immobilized to the Au-deposited surface of nano-porous AAO chip. To detect the lung cancer-specific biomarker, antibodies were immobilized on the surface of the chip by Self Assembled Monolayer (SAM) method. Since then lung cancer-specific biomarker was applied atop the antibodies immobilized layer. The specific reaction of the antigen-antibody contributed to the change in the refractive index that cause shift of resonance spectrum in the interference pattern. The Limit of Detection (LOD) was 1 fg/ml by using our nano-porous AAO biosensor chip.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.281-286
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• 2003

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the worldwide public health problem affecting about 300 million people. The envelope protein of HBV consists of three components known as preS1, preS2, and S antigen. According to the recent study, anti-HBs Ab showed effective neutralization ability against HBV from chronic hepatitis B and liver transplant patients, suggesting the possible development of therapeutic antibody. Methods: Spleen cells immunized with S antigen of HBV were fused with myeloma cell line to obtain HBsAg specific monoclonal antibodies. High affinity antibodies against HBsAg (adr, ad and ay type) were selected by competitive ELISA method. Nucleotide sequence of the variable regions of monoclonal antibodies was analyzed by RT-PCR followed by conventional sequencing method. Results: We produced 14 murine monoclonal antibodies which recognize S antigen of HBV. Two of them, A9-11 and C6-9 showed the highest affinity. The sequence analysis of A9-11 revealed that variable regions of the heavy chain and light chains are members of mouse heavy chain I (B) and light chain lambda 1, respectively. Likewise, the sequence analysis of C6-9 revealed that variable regions of the heavy chain and light chains are members of mouse heavy chain II (B) and light chain kappa 1, respectively. Neutralization assay showed that A9-11 and C6-9 effectively neutralize the HBV infection. Conclusion: These results suggest that A9-11 and C6-9 mouse monoclonal antibodies can be used for the development of therapeutic antibody for HBV infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2018

Various trials have been conducted to develop therapies for serious untreatable diseases. Among these, those using stem cells have shown great promise, and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are easier to obtain than other types of stem cells. Prior to clinical trials, characterization of ADMSCs with monoclonal antibodies should be performed. However, it is difficult to use species-specific antibodies for veterinarians. This study was conducted to confirm the panel of human antibodies applicable for use in immunophenotypic characterization of canine adipose-derived stem cells and feline ADMSCs extracted from subcutaneous adipose tissue collected during ovariohysterectomy. For flow cytometric immunophenotyping, the third passages of canine ADMSC and feline ADMSC and human CD31, CD34, CD42, CD44, CD62 and CD133 antibodies were used. Of these, CD133 reacted with canine cells (3.74%) and feline cells (1.34%). CD133 is known as a marker related with more primitive stem cell phenotype than other CD series. Because this human CD133 was not a species-specific antibody, accurate percentages of immunoreactivity were not confirmed. Nevertheless, the results of this study confirmed human CD133 as a meaningful marker in canine and feline ADMSCs.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.251-264
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• 2021

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are the main viral contributors to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) with high mortality and morbidity. BRD control measures include vaccination that modulates immunological profiles reflected in blood cells, serum, and body secretions, such as milk. This study evaluated the immune responses to an inactivated BRD vaccine in lactating cows reared in a natural environment on a dairy farm. The cows were intramuscularly inoculated with the vaccine, and serum, blood, and milk were collected pre-and post-vaccination. Our study revealed a prominent increase in BRSV-specific antibodies both in serum and milk, while the change in BVDV-specific antibodies was insignificant. Serum interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels significantly decreased, but this change was not reflected in milk. Evaluation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) via RT-qPCR revealed downregulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2). The concentrations of BRSV antibodies, BVDV antibodies, IL-2, and IL-17A in serum and milk were strongly correlated, implying a concurrent influence on both body fluids. Thus, immunological factors modulated as a result of vaccination generally measured in serum were reflected in milk, demonstrating the suitability of milk evaluation as an alternative approach for immunological observations. Furthermore, the correlation between BRSV antibodies and NOD2 and that between BVDV antibodies and toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR5 imply the possible role of PRRs for the assessment of the immune response developed in immunized cows reared on the farm.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.337-348
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• 1996

The proportion of leukocyte subpopulation in the host is of a great importance in understanding their functions and disease progress. Many methods have been developed to seperate leukocytes and to measure their activities. Characterization of immune cell subpopulations in Korean native cattle was performed using a set of monoclonal antibodies specific which are specific to bovine leukocyte differentiation antigen. Peripheral blood leukocytes from fifty Korean native and ten Holstein cattle were collected and analyzed for the investigation of leukocyte subpopulation by using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. The result indicated that Korean native cattle have significantly higher proportion of leukocyte subpopulations expressing MHC class II molecules and BoCD4 than Holstein cattle.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.89-95
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• 2015

Purpose: House dust mite (HDM) has been suggested to be the most important aeroallergen responsible for atopic asthma in Korea. We aimed to investigate that specific IgE antibodies to HDM and other common indoor aeroallergens contribute differently to total serum IgE and show different relationships with longitudinal fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements in Korean atopic asthmatic patients. Methods: A total of 193 children aged 8 to 16 years with intermittent or mild persistent atopic asthma were recruited. Sera were assayed for total IgE and specific IgE antibodies to HDM and other common indoor allergens. FeNO was serially measured 10 times or more over 2 years when subjects were not receiving controller medications. Results: In 152 children who completed the study, IgE antibodies to specific HDM were more prevalent than those to other common indoor aeroallergens. In addition, IgE antibody titers to HDM were the strongest contributor to total IgE increases. Furthermore, only HDM-specific IgE antibody titer significantly correlated with maximum FeNO (r=0.21, P=0.029) and the rate of FeNO higher than 21 parts per billion (ppb) (r=0.30, P=0.002). Eight patients (5%) were found to have maximum FeNO of 21 ppb or less, suggesting the presence of a low FeNO phenotype among atopic asthmatic patients. Conclusion: The quantity of HDM-specific IgE antibody provides a possible explanation for increases of total IgE and significantly correlates with the amount and frequency of FeNO increases in Korean atopic asthmatic patients.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.118-125
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• 2003

Background: Disialoganglioside GD2 is a tumor-associated antigen that is overexpressed on tumor cells of neuroectodermal origin, such as melanoma and neuroblastoma. Anti-idiotypic antibodies that mimic GD2 may induce more effective immune responses than GD2 antigen itself, because they are protein antigens and are known to be able to break immune tolerance. In this study, to explore the potential of anti-idiotypic antibodies as tumor vaccines, the ability of anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) to induce anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) that bind to the original antigen GD2 was investigated. Methods: Six monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (1A8, 1G5, 2B6, 3A4, 3D6, 3H9) to monoclonal antibody M2058, which is a monoclonal antibody to GD2, were produced in mice. Three (1A8, 3A4, 3H9) of them were selected based on their ability to inhibit the binding of Ab1 to D142.34 (murine melanoma cell expressing GD2). These 3 different Ab2 were injected into rabbits, and rabbit Ab3 induced by each of them were characterized. Results: Ab3-containing sera from two rabbits immunized with 1A8, 3A4, or 3H9 bound significantly (P<0.05) to D142.34 but not to B78.96 (GD2-negative cell), and bound significantly (P<0.05) to isolated GD2 but not to GD1a. Ab3-containing sera from two rabbits immunized with 3A4 or 3H9 inhibited significantly (P<0.05) the binding of Ab1 M2058 to D142.34, and inhibited significantly (P<0.05) the binding of Ab1 M2058 to the Ab2. Conclusion: These results suggest that anti-idiotypic antibodies 3A4 and 3H9 have a potential to be used as vaccines against tumors expressing GD2 by inducing GD2-specific antibodies (Ab3).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1221-1226
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• 2000

Specific antibodies were produced to develope the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for analysis of soy proteins and the properties of the antibodies were compared. Isolate soy protein(ISP), and ISP heated with SDS and urea (ISP(SU)), acidic subunits(AS) of 11S globulin were immunized to produce polyclonal antibodies. By using competitive indirect ELISA(ciELISA), the reactivities of the antibodies toward soy proteins treated with different methods were investigated and shown as $IC_{50}$. $IC_{50}'s$ of anti-ISP antibodies to ISP, ISP(SU), ISP treated with 2-ME(ISP(ME)), and crude 11S were 20, 30, 36, and $1000\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. And the values of anti-ISP(SU) antibodies to the same antigens were 100, 5, 4, and $220\;{\mu}g/mL$ and those of anti-AS antibodies were 20, 2, 2.5, and $200\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Therefore, anti-AS antibodies showed the highest reactivities toward soy proteins among the produced antibodies as determined by ciELISA.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 1992

To determin the accuracy of serological methods in detecting Borna-disease(BD) viral antibodies, 273 experimentally infected rabbit sera were compared by using indirect immunofluorescence antibody test(IFA), serum neutralization test(SN) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). One hundred twenty-three serum samples had BD viral antibodies detected by IFA. CELISA antibodies to BD virus were also present in the same one hundred twenty-three serum samples. However, neutralization test antibodies to BD virus were present in 27 of the in rabbit serum samples. Neutralization test was sensitive in comparison with KFA and CELISA. In comparison with IFA, CELISA was both sensitive and specific in detecting BD viral antibodies. These results extend observations made with laboratory animals to the diagnosis of naturally infected animals.