• 제목/요약/키워드: species succession

검색결과 480건 처리시간 0.027초

Competitor density and food concentration: an empirical approach to elucidate the mechanism of seasonal succession of two coexisting Bosmina

  • Mano, Hiroyuki;Sakamoto, Masaki
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.267-271
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    • 2013
  • To examine the density effect and food concentration in the competitive output of two Bosmina species, the population growths of Bosmina fatalis were investigated by manipulating the density of B. longirostris and the concentration of algae. The B. fatalis density did not increase in conditions with abundant B. longirostris regardless of the food concentrations. The B. fatalis increased only at low densities of B. longirostris with high food concentrations. Based on the current results, a possible mechanism underlying the seasonal shift from B. longirostris to B. fatalis in Japanese eutrophic lakes will be explored below.

돼지사체의 노출 정도에 따른 곤충상과 사체의 부패 패턴에 대한 연구 (Arthropod Succession and Decomposition Patterns of Pig Carrions Varying with the Exposed Extent of the Carrions)

  • 정재봉;윤명희
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제21권8호
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    • pp.1168-1175
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 유기된 돼지사체의 노출 정도에 따른 곤충상의 변화와 부패 패턴을 이용해서 사체의 사후경과시간(Post Mortem Interval, PMI)을 추정하기 위한 기초자료를 얻기 위해 수행되었다. 부산 낙동강 주변의 초지에서 완전노출사체, 감은사체, 덮은사체 및 그늘진사체 각각 1구씩을 2010년 8월에 설치하여 총 7목 15과 20종의 곤충들이 관찰되었고 가장 먼저 접근한 곤충은 검정뺨금파리였다. 검정뺨금파리는 모든 사체에서 전 기간에 걸쳐 출현했으며, 꼭지파리과의 1 종, 왕반날개 및 딱정벌레과의 1종은 부패(III)~백골화(V)단계에 출현하여, 위 4종은 사체의 부패단계를 시사하는 지표곤충으로 유용하다고 생각되었다. 한편, 부패속도는 완전노출사체(7일) > 덮은사체(10일) > 그늘진사체(13일) > 감은사체(15일)의 순으로 빨랐는데, 이는 사체의 노출 정도에 따른 곤충의 접근성 및 큰 비에 의한 사체손실의 정도와 관련이 있는 것으로 생각되었다. 따라서 PMI 추정 시 사체의 노출 정도가 반드시 고려되어야 한다고 생각되었다.

고속도로 절토비탈면의 식생구조와 천이 (Vegetation Structure and Succession of Highway Cutting-slope Area)

  • 송호경;전기성;이상화;김남춘;박관수;이병준
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제8권6호
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    • pp.69-79
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    • 2005
  • This study was carried out to select proper species for early stage replantation in highway cut-slope area. In highway cut-slope area, sample plots of 106 were selected, and their vegetations and environmental factors were investigated. 1. We found total 172 species in the 106 cutting area of highway. The species of high frequency of highway cut-slope were found in the order of Lespedeza bicolor, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Festuca arundinacea, Erigeron annuus, Lespedeza cuneata, Lactuca indica var. laciniata, Eragrostis curvula, Dactylis glomerata, Oenothera lamarckiana, Wistaria floribunda, Humulus japonica, Commelina communis, Miscanthus sinensis, Pueraria thunbergiana, Pinus densiflora, etc. 2. The average vegetation coverage was over 90% in the study sites and the average coverage was 91.4% in the total cut-slope area. The species of high coverage of highway cut-slope area were found in the order of Festuca arundinacea, Eragrostis curvula, Lespedeza bicolor, Wistaria floribunda, Lespedeza cuneata, Dactylis glomerata, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Humulus japonica, Pueraria thunbergiana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Poa pratensis, Medicago sativa, Festuca ovina, Pinus densiflora, Parthenocissua tricuspidata, etc. 3. The total coverage in the foreign plants of Festuca arundinacea, Eragrostis curvula, Dactylis glomerata, Poa pratensis, Medicago sativa, Coreopsis drummondii and native plants of Lespedeza bicolor, Wistaria floribunda, Lespedeza cuneata, Amorpha fruticosa, Indigofera pseudotinctoria, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya were 57.52%. That is, the ecological succession of native herbs and parachute shrubs have delayed because the afforested plants occupy 57.52%. In future, the coverage of foreign herbs have to reduce, and the coverage of the native herbs and parachute shrubs must be increased. 4. The native seed of Artemisia sp., Miscanthus sinensis, Smilax china, Pueraria thunbergiana, Rubus crataegifolius, Rubus parvifolius, Pinus densiflora, Rhus chinensis, Albizzia julibrissin, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Clematis apiifolia, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Prunus sargentii could be added in the seedling of the temperate south zone highway with the used seeds. The native seed of Artemisia sp., Miscanthus sinensis, Rubus crataegifolius, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Weigela subsessilis, Stephanandra incisa, Rhus chinensis, Pinus densiflora, Salix koreensis, Cocculus trilobus, Populus alba, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora, Clematis apiifolia, Lindera obtusiloba, Quercus serrata, etc., could be added in the seedling of the temperate middle zone highway with the used seeds. 5. We have some recommendation. The native plants have to growth in the highway cut-slope area instead of foreign plants to have good environmental ecology. The role of the foreign plants should be the plant for the initial several years in the highway cut-slope area. And, the native plants should growth in the next season. 6. We should protect shrubs and trees in the highway slope area because shrubs and trees can be more helpful in stabilizing of the slope area than herbs.

Spatio-temporal Distribution of the Genus Acartia (Copepoda: Calanoida) in the Southwestern Waters of Korea

  • Soh, Ho-Young;Jeong, Hyeon-Gyeong
    • 환경생물
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.422-427
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    • 2003
  • The spatio-temporal distribution of four coexisting acartiid species in two subgenera Acartiura (Acartia hongi and A. omorii) and Odontacartia (A. erythraea and A. pacifica) was examined at seven stations in the southwestern waters of Korea, between January to December 1998. A. hongi occurred dominantly in the northern regions from winter to spring while A. omorii predominated in the southern regions in spring and early summer when the more saline (> 33.0 psu) and high chlorophyll-$\alpha$ concentration water mass appeared. With the increase of temperature (> $20^{\circ}C$), however, both species disappeared and then replaced with A. erythraea and A. pacifica. A. erythraea (rare species), appeared in the middle regions where the high chlorophyll-$\alpha$ concentration ($3{\mu}g\; I^{-1}$) in the summer, while A. pacifica was abundant in all regions through summer and fall. It is suggested that the seasonal succession of the genus Acartia was subgenus-specifically affected by environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and chlorophyll-$\alpha$ concentration.

Influence of Spatial Differences in Volcanic Activity on Vegetation Succession and Surface Erosion on the Slope of Sakurajima Volcano, Japan

  • Teramoto, Yukiyoshi;Shimokawa, Etsuro;Ezaki, Tsugio;Nam, Sooyoun;Jang, Su-Jin;Kim, Suk-Woo;Chun, Kun-Woo
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.136-146
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    • 2017
  • We selected 6 plots ($100m^2$) located 2.2-3.8 km from Minamidake Crater on the north flank of Sakurajima Volcano. We conducted a field study to investigate the effects of volcanic activity on vegetation succession and surface erosion rate. The results showed that trees growing in plots further from the crater had a greater diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, and age. In addition, these plots had a greater number of woody plants and species, as well as a greater total cross-sectional area at breast height. The Fisher-Williams index of diversity (${\alpha}$) and the proportion of evergreen broad-leaved trees were higher in plots located further from the crater. Vegetation succession in these plots was not at the level of a climax forest. From 1972 to 2015, the timing for active volcano, the depth of volcanic ash layer, the dry density, and the pH of ground surface were lower for plots located further from the crater. Furthermore, the average annual sheet erosion from 1972 to 2015 was also lower for plots located further away from the crater. Overall, plots further away from the crater have a better environment for vegetation growth and a lower dry density of the volcanic ash surface layer. It is thought that lower dry density results in increased soil permeability, which impedes surface flow. In order to prevent debris-flow disasters, caused by mud and rock flow resulting from impaired soil penetrability, it is essential to promote soil development and restore penetrability by artificial vegetation restoration.

서울시 소나무림의 생태적 특성에 따른 관리방안 연구 (Management Plan to Consider Ecological Characteristic of Pinus densiflora Community in Seoul)

  • 이수동;이경재;최진우
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.258-271
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    • 2009
  • 외부환경 변화와 천이의 영향으로 쇠퇴현상이 나타나고 있는 서울시 소나무림의 식생환경을 개선하고자 교목층 우점종의 경쟁관계, 하층식생내 경쟁종 출현 유무, 관리정도 등에 근거하여 유형을 구분하고 생태적 관리방안을 제안하였다. 서울시 소나무림을 생태적 특성에 따라 분류하면 소나무순림에 속하는 토지극상림(26.1%)과 소나무순림(21.5%), 소나무와 타 수종이 경쟁하는 소나무-신갈나무림(28.0%), 소나무-리기다소나무림(13.1%), 소나무-상수리나무림(4.2%)등으로 구분되었다. 이들 유형에 대한 정밀한 식생조사 결과, 토지극상, 답압피해, 식생관리로 인해 교목층과 하층에 경쟁종이 출현하지 않아 소나무림 유지가 가능한 4개 군집은 하층식생 보완 등 소극적인 관리가 필요하였다. 반면 교목층과 하층에 소나무와 경쟁수종인 낙엽성 참나무류와 외래종이 출현하는 4개 군집은 생태적 지위가 동일한 경쟁종관리, 하층식생 도입 등 적극적인 관리기법을 적용해야 소나무군집을 유지할 수 있을 것이다.

생태복원 습지의 조성 후 식생구조 변화 (Change in the Wetland Vegetation Structure after the Ecological Restoration)

  • 김나영;송영근;이근호
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.95-113
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    • 2018
  • We studied the change of wetland vegetation structure to understand ecological restoration process of wetlands through the field survey of ecological restoration projects in Incheon, Iksan and Busan. We compared the vegetation plan at the time of planted with the results of the vegetation monitoring in 2018, and analyzed the changes in wetland vegetation structure. Based on results, we attempted to understand the restoration process of those wetlands and discuss the management measures for sustainable wetland restoration. As a result, in the Incheon Yeonhee restoration wetland, the number of plant species was increased, from 18 species in 2016 to 29 in 2018. The dominant species, Myriophyllum verticillatum, covered the wetland most and its occupied area was increased. On the other hand, the distribution area of the planted emergent hydrophytes was reduced. The area of open water decreased from 71.7% in 2016 to 48.8% in 2018. In Busan Igidae restoration wetland, the number of plant species was increased, from 6 species in 2014 to 31 in 2018. The dominant species was Myriophyllum verticillatum and its occupied area was increased. The area of floating plant communities that planned has decreased. The open water area decreased from 83.9% in 2014 to 31.8% in 2018. In Iksan Sorasan restoration wetland, the number of plant species was increased, from 13 species in 2016 to 36 in 2018. The dominant species was Phragmites communis Trin. and its occupied area was increased. The other planted species showed a tendency to be decreased by Phragmites communis Trin. and its terrestrialization. The open water area decreased from 86.6% in 2016 to 6.7% in 2018. These results suggest that wetlands should be managed by considering the change of vegetation structure and open water areas based on the following succession process, because it affects the habitat suitability of wetland organisms and biodiversity as well. Thus, the continuous monitoring for the ecological structure of restored wetland is important, and it could be possible step to develop sustainable wetland ecological restoration model.

낙동강 중.하류의 식물플랑크톤 군집구조 (The Structure of Phytoplankton Community in the Middle-Lower Part of the Naktong River)

  • 문성기;정종문;최철만
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제10권1호
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    • pp.41-45
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    • 2001
  • This study was carried out to investigate phytoplankton community structure in the Naktong river from January to December in 1999. In water quality, average value of pH were 8.1, BOD 2.5mg/$\ell$, COD 5.0mg/$\ell$, Chl-a 41$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\ell$, and $NH_4^+-N$ 0.08mg/$\ell$, respectively. Phytoplankton were identified 42 genera 76 species. Among these, diatoms were 39 species(51.3%), green algae 25 species(32.9%), cyanobacteria 4 species(5.3%), dinoflagellates 4 repectively. The highest standing crops were 33,023 cells/$m\ell$ in February at the Mulgum and the lowest 79 cells/$m\ell$ in March at the Goryung. Also, Standing crops were increased with proceeding from middle part to lower part. Seasonal succession of phytoplankton represented that Stephanodiscus hantzschii was dominant species in winter, Cyclotella menaghiniana and Synedra acus in spring, C. meneghiniana, S. acus, Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima in summer, and A. granulata var. angustissima and C. meneghiniana in autumn. Ecological important species were 4 species, that are Stephanodiscus hantzschii, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Synedra acus, and Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima. In the community analysis, dominance indices ranged from 0.434(August, Namji) to 0.999(January, February, Mulgum) and diversity indices from 0.026(February, Mulgum) to 3.073(September, Namji). According to the similarity index among the stations, it was generally defind as two areas such as middle(Goryung, Namji and Samryangjin) and lower part(Mulgum).

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지리산(智異山) 물박달나무림(林)의 식생구조(植生構造)와 동태(動態) (Vegetation Structure and Dynamics of a Betula davurioa Forest in Mt. Chiri)

  • 안현철;이정환
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제87권3호
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    • pp.445-458
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    • 1998
  • 본 연구는 지리산 국립공원 오봉리 지역에서 집단적으로 분포하는 물박달나무림의 식생구조와 동태를 분석하여 물박달나무림의 경영과 분포지에 대한 정보를 제공하기 위하여 수행되었다. 그 결과 물박달나무림의 구조는 교목층(18종류), 아교목층(29종류), 관목층(43수종) 그리고 초본층(68종류)으로 구성되어 있다. 층위별 중요치는 교목층에서 물박달나무가 129.97%로 가장 높고 다음으로 물오리나무(49.04%), 밤나무(25.58%), 졸참나무(25.02%), 노각나무(14.49%), 아교목층에서 물박달나무(70.81%), 졸참나무(37.47%), 물푸레나무(25.35%), 비목나무(24.52%) 및 노각나무(18.86%)가 높은 우점을 보였고, 관목층에서는 조릿대(28.28%), 비목(24.94%), 개윷나무(20.42%), 국수나무(19.90%), 그리고 초본층에서는 오미자(18.51%), 참취(12.26%), 애기나리(10.63%)로 우점하고 있었다. 30개 조사방형구에서 전층을 대상으로 출현 비출현에 의한 17수종에 대한 $x^2$ 검정결과 굴참나무-상수리나무, 노각나무-검노린재나무, 당단풍-신갈나무간에는 고도의 유의성이 인정되었다. 또 밀도에 의한 Pearson 상관에서는 $x^2$ 검정에서 보다, 많은 7개 쌍의 유의성이 인정되었고, Spearman 상관에서는 모두 18개의 상관이 있는 쌍이 인정되었다. 물박달나무림에 대한 직경급의 분포는 물박달나무림의 지속이 계속될 것으로 예상되지만 치수 발생량이 거의 없어 앞으로 졸참나무, 노각나무 등 교목층과 아교목층을 형성하고 있는 활엽수종과 경쟁에 의하여 천이가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

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인천시 청량산의 생태적 특성과 식생구조의 변화 (Ecological Characteristics and Changes in Plant Community Structure in Mt. Cheongryang, Incheon)

  • 이상희;한봉호;박석철
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제49권2호
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    • pp.74-88
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구는 인천광역시 청량산의 생태적 특성과 식생구조의 변화를 분석하여 도시림의 건강성 회복 및 식생 보전을 위한 관리방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 청량산의 신갈나무는 참나무시들음병 방제로 세력이 감소하였고, 때죽나무와 팥배나무의 세력은 확대되었다. 천이경향은 대부분 현상태를 유지할 것으로 판단되며, 향후 소나무군집은 산벚나무군집으로, 신갈나무군집은 졸참나무군집으로 변화 잠재성이 있었다. 리기다소나무림은 산벚나무군집으로, 아까시나무림은 졸참나무군집으로 변화 가능성은 있으나, 천이의 진행이 양호하지 않은 것으로 판단되었다. 토성은 대부분 사양토(sandy loam) 또는 양질사토(loamy sand)였으며, 토양 pH는 4.26~4.86이었고, 평균 4.59이었다. 유기물함량(O.M)은 2.18~9.60%이었고, 평균 4.33%이었다. 청량산의 종다양성 증진을 위해서는 토양산성화 방지, 자생수종을 선정하여 조림하고, 도시화 영향에 의해 출현하는 수종의 지나친 세력 확대 방지, 하층식생과 호습성 수종 보호, 다층구조의 숲 유도 관리를 제시하였다.