• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2020

The use of increased computing power, machine learning, and deep learning techniques have dramatically increased in various sectors. In particular, image detection algorithms are broadly used in forestry and remote sensing areas to identify forest types and tree species. However, in South Korea, machine learning has rarely, if ever, been applied in forestry image detection, especially to classify tree species. This study integrates the application of machine learning and forest image detection; specifically, we compared the ability of two machine learning data collection methods, namely image data captured by forest experts (D1) and web-crawling (D2), to automate the classification of five trees species. In addition, two methods of characterization to train/test the system were investigated. The results indicated a significant difference in classification accuracy between D1 and D2: the classification accuracy of D1 was higher than that of D2. In order to increase the classification accuracy of D2, additional data filtering techniques were required to reduce the noise of uncensored image data.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2004

Distribution and in vitro growth characteristics of entomopathogenic Paecilomyces species were studied based on the specimens and isolates deposited in Entomopathogenic Fungal Culture Collection (EFCC), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea. Paecilomyces species were frequently collected from different mountains and valleys and were almost distributed uniformly. Collection period of Paecilomyces species ranged from July to September, with most of the collections at the end of September. P. tenuipes was mostly collected one among different Paecilomyces species. The optimum medium for mycelial growth of P. tenuipes was PDA, whereas in other media such as SDAY and HMA also produced similar growth. The optimum temperature and pH levels were $25^{\circ}C$ and 6.0~7.0, respectively. Best carbon and nitrogen sources were dextrose and tryptone, respectively, while $KH_2PO_4$ was the best mineral source for mycelial growth. Highest mycelial growth was observed when the C/N ratio was 20:1.

• ALGAE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.303-313
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• 2019

Floating seaweed rafts are a surface-pelagic habitat that serve as substrates for benthic flora and fauna. Since 2008, Sargassum horneri clumps have periodically invaded the Korea Strait. In this study, the polymerase chain reaction-free small-organelles enriched metagenomics method was adopted to identify the species of epibiotic eukaryotes present in floating S. horneri fronds. A total of 185 species were identified, of which about 63% were previously undetected or unreported in Korean waters. The rafts harbored a diverse assemblage of eukaryotic species, including 39 Alveolata, 4 Archaeplastida, 95 Opisthokonts, 4 Rhizaria, and 43 Stramenopiles. Of these 185 taxa, 48 species were found at both Sargassum rafts collection stations and included 24 Stramenopiles, 17 Alveolata, and 7 Opisthokonts. Among these, the highest proportion (50%) of species was photo-autotrophic in basic trophic modes, while the proportion of phagotrophic, osmo- or saprotrophic, and parasitic modes were 43.8%, 4.2%, and 2.1%, respectively. This study demonstrates the contribution of floating Sargassum rafts as dispersal vectors that facilitate the spread of alien species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.204-216
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• 2018

A study for species composition and abundance of the fish assemblages in the coastal Sacheon Bay, Korea were conducted using monthly collection by a shrimp beam trawl from March 2015 to February 2016. The number of individuals, biomass and species diversity indices fluctuated with the station and month. Of all 73 species collected, the dominant species in terms of numbers were Liparis tanakae, Zoarces gillii, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema, Ricuzenius pinetorum and Pleuronichys cornutus. The peak number of fishes occurred in March and April, whereas the biomass of fishes was highest in April. The numbers and biomass of fishes were lower in February corresponding with the low temperature, and diversity indices were highest in June. Due to those seasonal difference in abundance of the dominant species, fish community were divided into three main groups. In addition, seasonal difference by station of fish community were devided into four main groups. Juvenile fishes of coastal Sacheon were presented during the study period. It presented that the study area served as an important role in spawning and nursery ground for fisheries resource.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.805-809
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• 2015

The species composition of bycatch species in the coastal waters of Yeosu were determined by monthly sample collection using a gape net with wings in 2014. Of a total of 32 fishes collected, the dominant species were Ammodytes personatus, Conger myriaster leptocephali, Sebastes inermis, Trichiurus lepturus, Thryssa kammalensis, Leiognathus nuchalis, Syngnathus schlegeli, Thryssa adelae and Hexagrammos otakii. These 9species accounted for 95.2% of the total number of individuals collected. Most of the fish caught were juveniles and small fishes. Based on the results of multidemensional scaling (MDS) analysis, the bycatch fishes were divided into five group.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.519-528
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• 2003

Species composition and community structure of marine benthic community were studied in the intertidal zone of Jijindo Island, Gwangyang Bay. A total of 85 species of benthic marine plants including the 5 Cyanophyta, 9 Chlorophyta, 13 Phaeophyta, 56 Rhodophyta and 2 Magnoliophyta that were listed. The community structure was represented by Gelidium divaricatum in the upper zone, Celidium divalicatum and Ulva pertusa in the middle, and Ulva pertusa, Chondria crassicaulis, Chondracanthus intermedia and Sargassum thunbergii in the lower intertidal zone. The dominant species in the rnscro-zoobenthic community were Chthamalux challengeri in the upper and middle, Littorina brevicula between the upper and middle, and Mytilus edulis and Crassostrea gigas in the middle and lower intertidal zones. The economic benthic organisms such as Undaria pinnatifida, Mytilus edulis, and Crassostrea gigas found in the lower intertidal zone were frequently disturbed due to their collection by local resident. Therefore, it is necessary to record the correct information pertaining to these cases. The species diversity indices estimated kom different sources were quite different. They were 2.22 derived from frequency, 1.67 based on coverage, 2.17 based on sum of frequency and coverage and 2.04 derived from importance value. Species diversity and number of algal species in Gwangyang Bay have noticeably decreased, compared with their previously reported status. It is estimated that their decreases were caused by changes in the marine environment, especially pertaining to the polychaete community resulting from reclamation and dredging activity undertaken for the industrial development.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to identify bacteria isolated from the oral cavities and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility against eight antibiotics. The bacterial strains were obtained from the Korean Collection for Oral Microbiology (KCOM). The bacteria were identified by comparing 16S rDNA sequences at the species level. The data showed that 77 bacterial strains were predominantly identified as streptococci (49.4%) and staphylococci (14.3%). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined using a broth dilution assay to test the sensitivity of the bacterial strains. The MIC values of the oral bacterial strains against antibiotics were different. Streptococci were sensitive to clindamycin, cefuroxime axetil, and vancomycin, and they were resistant to tetracycline. Staphylococci also were sensitive to clindamycin, cefuroxime axetil, and vancomycin, and they were resistant to penicillin antibiotics. Gramnegative bacterial strains were sensitive to tetracycline and were resistant to clindamycin. These results suggest that the antimicrobial susceptibility test is necessary in deciding the prescription for antibiotics, to prevent the misuse or abuse of antibiotics.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.353-362
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• 2008

The fish species composition and variation in the Youngil Bay, East Sea of Korea, were investigated every month from January, 2001, to December, 2002, using gill nets for sample collection. A total of 63 fish species belonging to 31 families under 10 orders, and a total of 40 species belonging to 26 families under 8 orders, were identified in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Of these, the families Pleuronectidae (9 species), Scorpaenidae (8 species) and Cottidae (5 species) were dominant in 2001, whereas Pleuronectidae (4 species), Cottidae (3 species) and Hexagrammidae (3 species) were dominant in 2002. The number of species recovered was the highest in August, 2001 (34 species) and January and September, 2002 (14 species each), and lowest in May, 2001 (6 species) and December, 2002 (5 species). The principal component analysis for each year showed that fish species composition differed over time even within the same sample area. In addition, the relationship between PC scores and temperature showed a positive relationship in 2001, but a negative relationship in 2002.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.243-247
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• 1985

Twelve species of Taiwanese liverworts from recent collection were examined by GC/MS and some of the major components were isolated and identified spectroscopically. Interesting findings from the view point of chemotaxonomy are discussed in the paper.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1654-1663
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• 2013

Rice straw is closely associated with meju fermentation and it is generally known that the rice straw provides meju with many kinds of microorganisms. In order to elucidate the origin of meju fungi, the fungal diversity of rice straw was examined. Rice straw was collected from 12 Jang factories where meju are produced, and were incubated under nine different conditions by altering the media (MEA, DRBC, and DG18), and temperature ($15^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, and $35^{\circ}C$). In total, 937 strains were isolated and identified as belonging to 39 genera and 103 species. Among these, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Eurotium, Fusarium, and Penicillium were the dominant genera. Fusarium asiaticum (56.3%), Cladosporium cladosporioides (48.6%), Aspergillus tubingensis (37.5%), A. oryzae (31.9%), Eurotium repens (27.1%), and E. chevalieri (25.0%) were frequently isolated from the rice straw obtained from many factories. Twelve genera and 40 species of fungi that were isolated in the rice straw in this study were also isolated from meju. Specifically, A. oryzae, C. cladosporioides, E. chevalieri, E. repens, F. asiaticum, and Penicillium polonicum (11.8%), which are abundant species in meju, were also isolated frequently from rice straw. C. cladosporioides, F. asiaticum, and P. polonicum, which are abundant in the low temperature fermentation process of meju fermentation, were frequently isolated from rice straw incubated at $15^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$, whereas A. oryzae, E. repens, and E. chevalieri, which are abundant in the high temperature fermentation process of meju fermentation, were frequently isolated from rice straw incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$. This suggests that the mycobiota of rice straw has a large influence in the mycobiota of meju. The influence of fungi on the rice straw as feed and silage for livestock, and as plant pathogens for rice, are discussed as well.