• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.101-112
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine usefulness of KEDI-Individual Basic Learning Skills Test as a diagnostic tool of learning disorders(LD). Learning disorder group consisted of two subgroups, verbal learning disorder group(VLD, n＝34) and nonverbal learning disorder group(NVLD, n＝14). Comparison group consisted of Dysthymia Disorder subgroup(n＝11) and Normal subgroup(n＝20). Performance of intelligence test and achievement test was examined in all 4 subgroups. In KEDI-WISC, VLD subgroup revealed primary problems in vocabulary, information and verbal-auditory attention test. NVLD group revealed primary problems in almost all performance tests such as visual acuity, psycho-motor coordination speed and visual-spatial organizations ability subtest. In KEDI-Individual Basic Learning Test, VLD group revealed primary problems in phonological coding process, word recognition and mathematics. For successful classification of LD children, the importance of achievement test and intelligence test was discussed by discriminant analysis and factor analysis. The results indicate that KEDI-Individual Basic Learning Skills is of considerable usefulness in diagnosing LD, but must be used in subtests, and additional tests must be conducted for thorough exploration of LD.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.120-134
• /
• 1999

Image processing steps consist of image acquisition, pre-processing, region segmentation and recognition, and the images are easily corrupted by noise during the data transmission, data capture, and data processing. Impulse noise and gaussian noise are major noises, which can occur during the process. Many filters such as mean filter, median filter, weighted median filter, Cheikh filter, and Kyu-cheol Lee filter were proposed as spatial noise reduction filters so far. Many researches have been focused on the reduction of impulse noise, but comparatively the research in the reduction of gaussian noise has been neglected. For the reduction of gaussian noise, subset averaged median filter, using median information and subset average information of pixels in a window. was proposed. At this time, consider of the window size as 3$^{*}$3 pixel. The window is divided to 4 subsets consisted of 4 pixels. First of all, we calculate the average value of each subset, and then find the median value by sorting the average values and center pixel's value. In this paper, a better reduction of gaussian noise was proved. The proposed algorithms were implemented by ANSI C language on a Sun Ultra 2 for testing purposes and the effects and results of the filter in the various levels of noise and images were proposed by comparing the values of PSNR, MSE, and RMSE with the value of the other existing filtering methods.thods.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2020

Visually impaired people use tactile maps to get spatial information about their surrounding environment, find their way, and improve their independent mobility. However, classical tactile maps that make use of braille to describe the location within the map have several limitations, such as the lack of information due to constraints on space and limited feedback possibilities. This study describes the development of a new multi-modal interactive tactile map interface that addresses the challenges of tactile maps to improve the usability and independence of visually impaired people when using tactile maps. This interface adds touch gesture recognition to the surface of tactile maps and enables the users to verbally interact with a voice agent to receive feedback and information about navigation routes and points of interest. A low-cost prototype was developed to conduct usability tests that evaluated the interface through a survey and interview given to blind participants after using the prototype. The test results show that this interactive tactile map prototype provides improved usability for people over traditional tactile maps that use braille only. Participants reported that it was easier to find the starting point and points of interest they wished to navigate to with the prototype. Also, it improved self-reported independence and confidence compared with traditional tactile maps. Future work includes further development of the mobility solution based on the feedback received and an extensive quantitative study.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2009

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one of ubiquitous organic pollutants in marine environments, are major toxic components of petroleum and are produced during the incomplete combustion of organic materials. As shipyards are located inside of natural or artificial semi-enclosed bay, even a relatively weak environmental disturbance by ship-building activity can cause severe damage to marine ecosystem in the bay. Many studies of pollution in shipyard area have been focused on the antifouling agent, like tributyltin. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ship-building activity on PAH contamination. Total PAHs concentration was higher nearby and inside shipyard area than outside, implying that shipyard could be one of major source area of PAH contamination to pose harmful effects to surrounding environments. Through PAH profile and source recognition index, the source of PAHs inputs in this area was estimated to originate from both petrogenic and pyrogenic origin. PAH levels showed a significant correlation with total butyltins, indicating that ship-building activity influenced PAH concentration and distribution. Vertical distribution of PAHs historically confirmed the correlation between shipbuilding activity and PAHs contamination.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.85-98
• /
• 2009

The tau-p inversion algorithm is widely employed to generate starting models with most computer programs, which implement refraction tomography. This algorithm emphasises the vertical resolution of many layers, and as a result, it frequently fails to detect even large lateral variations in seismic velocities, such as the decreases which are indicative of shear zones. This study demonstrates the failure of the tau-p inversion algorithm to detect or define a major shear zone which is 50m or 10 stations wide. Furthermore, the majority of refraction tomography programs parameterise the seismic velocities within each layer with vertical velocity gradients. By contrast, the Generalized Reciprocal Method (GRM) inversion algorithms emphasise the lateral resolution of individual layers. This study demonstrates the successful detection and definition of the 50m wide shear zone with the GRM inversion algorithms. The existence of the shear zone is confirmed by a 2D analysis of the head wave amplitudes and by numerous closely spaced orthogonal seismic profiles carried out as part of a later 3D refraction investigation. Furthermore, an analysis of the shot record amplitudes indicates that a reversal in the seismic velocities, rather than vertical velocity gradients, occurs in the weathered layers. The major conclusion reached in this study is that while all seismic refraction operations should aim to provide as accurate depth estimates as is practical, those which emphasise the lateral resolution of individual layers generate more useful results for geotechnical and environmental applications. The advantages of the improved lateral resolution are obtained with 2D traverses in which the structural features can be recognised from the magnitudes of the variations in the seismic velocities. Furthermore, the spatial patterns obtained with 3D investigations facilitate the recognition of structural features such as faults which do not display any intrinsic variation or 'signature' in seismic velocities.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2011

Companies using internet as a kind of marketing means are increasing rapidly according to the expansion trend of e-commerce through internet and consumers also use internet as the common means of purchasing necessary articles. E-commerce using internet has advantages without limitation to temporal and spatial accessibility and general consumers and unspecified individuals also use internet to purchase their goods as well as general transactions such as advertisement, contract, payment and claim settlement. 'In the age of information, invasion of personal information resulted from the development of information and communication technology is one of the greatest problems all the countries in the world face. Therefore, Personal information protection Act is one of basic laws to protect personal information and rights and it is also an essential law in the age of information. In that sense, new Personal information protection Act is the advanced act containing various items to minimize the national damages from the leaking of private information and protect right to informational self-determination in the information society. It is expected that this legislation contributes to reduce the leaking of private information, enhance the level of privacy protection and develop privacy related industries. However, active participation of all members of our society and improvement of their recognition should be preceded for the rational and legal use of private information and the settlement of its protection culture. While the purpose of Personal information protection Act can protect privacy from collection, leaking, misuse and abuse of private information and enhance national interests and protect personal dignity and value, it also must perform the roles of balancing privacy protection with liberal information flow.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2016

As publicizing of electromagnetic devices such as smart_phone and drone etc. which are relate with geomagnetic direction, and recognition about the importance to space weather effect and their hazards rises up recently, it is required heavily that the study on the effective measurement of geomagnetic declination and geomagnetic field effects of space weather. The purpose of this study is that the investigation of the feasibility of the absolute geomagnetic measurement in a place, where man-made geomagnetic contamination is low or negligible, with replacing the azimuth marks used for the absolute geomagnetic declination measurement with unified control points(UCP) which established at suburb. Further to this, have first derived the correlation of daily variations and disturbance level between the published indices($K_P$ and $K_K$) and geomagnetic element calculated from geomagnetic data of Cheongyang observatory located at the middle stage in Korea and is a member of INTERMAGNET. In addition, have carried out that the absolute measurement for the geomagnetic declination at three places near unified control point and one place with wide open field in Korea. The world magnetic models(WMMs) are selected as the criteria for comparison on the feasibility of geomagnetic declination investigation near unified control points. We compared deviations of declination from absolute measurement with that obtained from WMMs, also those from WMMs inter-comparison. The result through examination and analysis show that the feasibility of the absolute geomagnetic declination measurement with replacing the azimuth marks with UCP which established at suburb is possible.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.180-194
• /
• 2016

The local identity of a female marriage migrant is not fixed to certain boundary or location, but rather comprised flexibly according to geographical movement or new settlement to different place. This research focuses on the local identity and life change of female marriage migrants that are constituted/reconstituted according to spatial transition, or migration. The analysis was conducted to find out traits of changes in the periods of migration and settlement based on the following categorization: multiculturalism and bicultural identity, assimilation and host country identity, exclusion and origin country identity, marginalization and marginal identity. The results are as follows; while having identical experience in terms of a migration, the local identities of marriage migrant women differed according to individual/regional characteristics as well as their respective roles within those traits. In addition, most of females showed passivity in maintaining and exposing their cultural identities of original states. Moreover the life satisfaction change of female marriage migrant that is type of assililation and host country identity is appeared more than others. through this assimilation and accommodation mean adaptation to female marriage migrant lived in Korea. However the intercultural competences of both marriage migrant woman and children in multicultural families facilitate the connection among different cultures. Based on these outcomes, with the transition to multicultural society and space, this research proposes the necessity of fostering global citizenship for mutual recognition of each culture, thus enabling coexistence.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.139-146
• /
• 2012

Purpose: An individual surgical stent fabricated from computed tomography (CT) data, called a CT-guided stent, would be useful for accurate installation of implants. The purpose of the present study was to introduce a newly developed CT-guided stent with a simple design and evaluate the accuracy of the stent placement. Materials and Methods: A resin template was fabricated from a hog mandible and a specially designed plastic plate, with 4 metal balls inserted in it for radiographic recognition, was attached to the occlusal surface of the template. With the surgical stent applied, CT images were taken, and virtual implants were placed using software. The spatial positions of the virtually positioned implants were acquired and implant guiding holes were drilled into the surgical stent using a specially designed 5-axis drilling machine. The surgical stent was placed on the mandible and CT images were taken again. The discrepancy between the central axis of the drilled holes on the second CT images and the virtually installed implants on the first CT images was evaluated. Results: The deviation of the entry point and angulation of the central axis in the reference plane were $0.47{\pm}0.27$ mm, $0.57{\pm}0.23$ mm, and $0.64{\pm}0.16^{\circ}$, $0.57{\pm}0.15^{\circ}$, respectively. However, for the two different angulations in each group, the $20^{\circ}$ angulation showed a greater error in the deviation of the entry point than did the $10^{\circ}$ angulation. Conclusion: The CT-guided template proposed in this study was highly accurate. It could replace existing implant guide systems to reduce costs and effort.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.67-87
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze current status and teacher librarians' perceptions of school library space composition and indoor environment, and propose some methods for the school library to be a basic educational facility. The space most secured by the 126 teacher librarians who participated in the survey was the free reading area, and the space with the lowest level was the media production and group project area. The most important types of spaces for teacher librarians are the teaching area and the free reading area, while the recognition of the importance of media production and group project areas is relatively low. Among the elements of indoor environmental assessment, they showed that safety and comfort were the most important but diversity and flexibility were relatively less important. The result of this analysis is different from the school and library policy direction that emphasizes the learning commons and maker spaces. Teacher librarians still seem to appreciate the importance of traditional library space. Therefore, it is necessary to include the establishment and operation of maker spaces and learning commons in the teacher librarians training and retraining process. In addition, it is necessary to increase the participation of users such as teachers, students, and parents in space composition and interior design initiatives to increase the user's interior environment satisfaction.