• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.304-308
• /
• 2009

This paper proposes a new concept of a signal constellation of the recently introduced half-symbol-rate-carrier phase-shift keying (HSRC-PSK) modulations for bandwidth-efficient high speed data communications. Since the HSRC-PSK modulations contain different symbol energies representing the same bit sequences due to the loss of orthogonality of their HSRC signals, it is very hard to represent the symbol using the conventional signal constellation. To resolve the problem, two different energies are assigned to represent one symbol for the HSRC offset quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK) modulation. Similarly, the different energies exist to display the different symbol for HSRC minimum shift keying (MSK) modulation. With the proposed signal space representation, HSRC-PSK symbol can easily be shown with a two-dimensional scatter plot which provides helpful information of evaluating HSRC-PSK signal's quality.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.925-932
• /
• 2012

The article introduces a method to estimate a cointegrated vector autoregressive model, using mixed-frequency data, in terms of a state-space representation of the vector error correction(VECM) of the model. The method directly estimates the parameters of the model, in a state-space form of its VECM representation, using the available data in its mixed-frequency form. Then it allows one to compute in-sample smoothed estimates and out-of-sample forecasts at their high-frequency intervals using the estimated model. The method is applied to a mixed-frequency data set that consists of the quarterly real gross domestic product and three monthly coincident indicators. The result shows that the method produces accurate smoothed and forecasted estimates in comparison to a method based on single-frequency data.

• 한국측량학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.359-366
• /
• 2019

Indoor spatial data has great importance as the demand for representing the complex urban environment in the context of providing LBS (Location-based Services) is increasing. IndoorGML (Indoor Geographic Markup Language) has been established as the data standard for spatial data in providing indoor navigation, but its definitions and relationships must be expanded to increase its applications and to successfully delivering information to users. In this study, we propose an approach to integrate IndoorGML with Indoor POI (Points of Interest) data by extending the IndoorGML notion of space and topological relationships. We consider two cases of representing Indoor POI, by 3D geometry and by point primitive representation. Using the concepts of the NRS (node-relation structure) and multi-layered space representation of IndoorGML, we define layers to separate features that represent the spaces and the Indoor POI into separate, but related layers. The proposed methodology was implemented with real datasets to evaluate its effectiveness for performing indoor spatial analysis.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.281-296
• /
• 2021

In this paper, we suggest a representation for an inverse transform of the generalized Fourier-Feynman transform on the function space C_a,b[0, T]. The function space C_a,b[0, T] is induced by the generalized Brownian motion process with mean function a(t) and variance function b(t). To do this, we study the generalized Fourier-Feynman transform associated with the Gaussian process Ƶ_k of exponential-type functionals. We then establish that a composition of the Ƶ_k-generalized Fourier-Feynman transforms acts like an inverse generalized Fourier-Feynman transform.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.123-132
• /
• 2012

In the trend of concentrating on the consumer driven experience market as a new marketing concept according to the improvement of life standard and the change of consummation pattern, SPA brand has applied experience marketing strategies to the market successfully to be grown constantly with consumer secure and production of business benefit through brand image and positive consumer attraction. Therefore, this study aims to research the experiential representation element and attribute in the competitive Global SPA brand space due to the sustainable growth from the recent domestic fashion market based on the strategy type of the experiential marketing. Thus, the experiential marketing strategy type was drawn based on the experiential marketing and the theoretical reflections of Global SPA brand, and the SPA brand space was classified depending on the attribute of the commercial space for making the framework of case analysis, so it was progressed as the method of analysis through the experiential representation attribute in the SPA brand space. The marketing strategy and representation for advertising the image of company and product message by the SPA brand should be planned, so successful application of the experiential marketing to the shop is connected to the corporate interests, and forming the meaning more than space by impressing on the consumers the brand and arousing the emotional experience of the consumers and meeting the consumers' a variety of needs had effects on forming a lasting relationship between the brand and consumers. Therefore, this study is expected to be an opportunity to vitalize the domestic SPA brand behind the competition with the Global SPA brand.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제6권11호
• /
• pp.202-216
• /
• 2006

프로세스 대수는 다음과 같은 이유 때문에 실시간 항해 및 배송 시스템에 적용하기에는 부적당하다: 1) 특정한 지정학적 공간 내에서의 프로세스들의 분산성에 대한 표기가 부족하고, 2) 그 공간 내에서의 프로세스들의 이동성이 분산성으로부터 확연히 구분하여 표기되지 않는다. 이 대수들이 이런 시스템에 적합하기 위해서는 이런 분산성에 적용되는 공간정보의 표기와 이 공간 내에서의 이동성에 대한 표기를 구분해야할 필요성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 목적, 즉 공간정보와 이동정보를 구분하기 위하여 새로운 정형기법, 즉 CARDMI (Calculus of Abstract Real-Time Distribution, Mobility and Interaction)를 제안한다. CARDMI에서는 이동체 간의 동일성을 검증하기 위하여 공간 및 상호작용에 관한 연역규칙과 공간추상화에 기반한 동일성을 정의한다. 특히 이 동일성은 공간적 추상화를 반영한 계층적 동일성을 가능하게 하며 이를 통해 다수의 추상화 단계에서의 동일성을 검증하게 한다. CARDMI는 물리적인 배송 시스템뿐만 아니라 콘텐츠를 실시간으로 배달하는 사이버 시스템에도 적용할 수 있다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.60-67
• /
• 2006

An architecture is a result from representation of design knowledge by architect's creative thinking, and operated only in his internal organization system. Design knowledge based upon the experience that they have achieved in the past as well as the informations they have accumulated over the time. In this point of view, the Schema that formed by problems settlement and process repetitions for the best conclusion, not only play an important part in the designer's thinking system about a specific problem but also appeared by distinctive features. This research looks to achieve a new design method by finding out how architects express traditionality in the contemporary house through schema. This research analyze contemporary house built in seoul of 1990's. The result are as followings. First, Schema is a 'frame' that already exist in the architect's thinking, will make a good guide about express the traditionality. Second, We found out several distinctive characters in the form and the space. The form is divided in five types. It is an condensed form of roof image, the metamorphosis of form grammar, the change of part details, the representation of design principle and the directly expression. Lastly, In the space, it is the borrow of the connection method of inside and external space, the three parts composition of the space, the adaptation of 'Madang' and the Independent composition of the space due to 'Chae'

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.813-829
• /
• 2022

In multi-view subspace clustering, how to integrate the complementary information between perspectives to construct a unified representation is a critical problem. In the existing works, the unified representation is usually constructed in the original data space. However, when the data representation in each view is very diverse, the unified representation derived directly in the original data domain may lead to a huge information loss. To address this issue, different to the existing works, inspired by the latest revelation that the data across all perspectives have a very similar or close spectral block structure, we try to construct the unified representation in the spectral embedding domain. In this way, the complementary information across all perspectives can be fused into a unified representation with little information loss, since the spectral block structure from all views shares high consistency. In addition, to capture the global structure of data on each view with high accuracy and robustness both, we propose a novel low-rank approximation via the tight lower bound on the rank function. Finally, experimental results prove that, the proposed method has the effectiveness and robustness at the same time, compared with the state-of-art approaches.

• 충청수학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.367-373
• /
• 2007

For a unital *-subalgebra of the space $\mathcal{L}^a(X)$ of all adjointable maps on a Hilbert $\mathcal{B}$-module X with a $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal{B}$, we study unitary operator (in such algebra)-valued multiplier ${\sigma}$ on a normal, generating subsemigroup S of a group G with its extension to G. A dilation of a projective isometric ${\sigma}$-representation of S is established as a projective unitary ${\rho}$-representation of G for a suitable unitary operator (in some algebra)-valued multiplier ${\rho}$ associated with the multiplier ${\sigma}$ which is explicitly constructed.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 2009

Given an n-length text T over a $\sigma$-size alphabet, we present a compressed representation of T which supports retrieving queries of rank/select/access and updating queries of insert/delete. For a measure of compression, we use the empirical entropy H(T), which defines a lower bound nH(T) bits for any algorithm to compress T of n log $\sigma$ bits. Our representation takes this entropy bound of T, i.e., nH(T) $\leq$ n log $\sigma$ bits, and an additional bits less than the text size, i.e., o(n log $\sigma$) + O(n) bits. In compressed space of nH(T) + o(n log $\sigma$) + O(n) bits, our representation supports O(log n) time queries for a log n-size alphabet and its extension provides O(($1+\frac{{\log}\;{\sigma}}{{\log}\;{\log}\;n}$) log n) time queries for a $\sigma$-size alphabet.