• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2009

Anatomy: Facet joint syndrome most often affects the lower back and neck and refers to pain that occurs in the facet joints, which are the connections between the vertebrae in the spine that enable the spine to bend and twist. Many physicians have believed that the usual lesion of facet syndrome was an anatomical impairments of facet joint itself.. Facet joint injection using local anesthetics is a reliable method for the diagnosis and treatment for facet syndrome. Etiology: One of many possible causes is imbalances that can occur in stress levels, hormone levels, and nutritional levels. These imbalances can adversely affect posture, which can lead to neck and back pain. The common disorder called facet syndrome exhibits lower back pain, with or without, radiating pain to buttock and thigh due to facet joint arthropathy. Pain in the facet joint is supposedly the secondary effect of narrowing of joint space by sustained muscle contracture around joints. Syndrome: Facet joint syndrome tends to produce pain or tenderness in the lower back that increases with twisting or arching the body, as well as pain that moves to the buttocks or the back of the thighs. Other symptoms include stiffness or difficulty standing up straight or getting out of a chair. Pain can be felt in other areas such as the shoulders or mid-back area. Treatment: Non-drug treatments include hot packs, ultrasound, electrical stimulation, and therapeutic exercises. Stimulating blood flow using massage or a hot tub may also help. Alternative treatments include yoga and relaxation therapy. If your pain persists after trying these treatments, a surgical procedure called radiofrequency rhizotomy, which destroys the sensory nerves of the joint, may bring relief. Facet joint injection has been helpful in diagnosis and therapy for this facet syndrome. Radiofrequency thermocoagulation of medial branches is known to be an effective method of relieving pain caused by facet joint problems. We conclude that spasmolytic treatment of muscles connecting the two vertebral articular space would be better for treatment and diagnosis of facet syndrome rather than facet block with local anesthetic and steroid only.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.753-761
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• 1987

Approximation of a Cartesian straight line motion with linear interpolation in the joint space has many desirable advantages and applications. But inappropriate determination of the corresponding subtravelling and transition times makes such joint-trajectories violate the input torque/force constraints. An approach that can overcome this difficult and yield the joint trajectories utilizing the allowable maximum input torque/force is established in this paper. The effectiveness of these results is demonstrated by using a three-joint revolute manipulator.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2008

This study was designed to determine the effects of swimming and low power laser on rheumatoid arthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rheumatoid arthritis was induced in 36 rats among 48 Sprague-Dawley rats by the subcutaneous injection of .05 $m{\ell}$ Freund's Complete Adjuvant into the right hind paw and .05 $m{\ell}$ Freund's Complete Adjuvant into the right hind knee joint capsule. A second injection was performed by the same method using .1 $m{\ell}$ Freund's Complete Adjuvant per a rat. Arthritic rats were divided into 8 groups: each 1 week and 2 weeks of arthritic swimming, arthritic laser, arthritic case control and normal group. In this study, several experimental tests were performed to determine the concentration of Interleukin-6, the space of the knee joint and the thickness of the hind paw. The concentration of Interleukin-6 and hind paw thickness decreased in the swimming group and laser group as compared to the control group. The space of the knee joint increased significantly after the swimming exercise. Swimming and low power laser therapy positively affect rheumatoid arthritis in rats affect by decreasing the concentration of Interleukin-6 and hind paw thickness, and increasing the space of the knee joint.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.749-764
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• 2003

In this paper we explain that normal theory likelihood-ratio tests(z, t, $x^2$. F) for mean(s) or variance(s) can be geometrically related to volume of difference of two joint pdf's. One is an estimated joint pdf under null parameter space $\omega$ and the other is an estimated joint pdf under full parameter space $\Omega$. For explanations, ‘distance between two distributions’ is defined. We study properties of it, and derive some results on the distance between two multivariate normal distributions.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.103-110
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• 2015

To overcome disadvantages of usual spread foundation in large space structure, some prototypes of a joint of the PHC pile to steel pipe column that directly connects a column to a PHC pile are analytically studied. With the consideration of strength requirement and stress concentration of joint of the PHC pile to column, we suggest the most appropriate one.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-20
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to find that what mechanism take effects that was Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in Sprague-Dawley rat and then treated the swimming and low power laser. Methods: Adjuvant Induced Arthritis was induced 24 Sprague-Dawley rat by the subcutaneous injection of a 0.2ml Freund's Complete Adjuvant into the right hind paw and right knee joint. Second injection used of 0.05ml Freund's Complete Adjuvant by same method. Arthritic rat were divided 3 groups; arthritic swimming group, arthritic laser group and case control group. The author performed several experimental tests which were the hind paw thickness, step length, knee joint space, activity of enzyme. Results: Hind paw thickness decreased in swimming and laser group. Left step length and knee joint space increased in swimming and laser. Conclusion: Swimming and low power laser therapy on the Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in rats does effective for the rheumatic arthritis therapy by decrease of hind paw thickness, increase of opposite side step length, increase of activity of albumin and IgG and increase of knee joint space.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to find that what mechanism take effects that was Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in Sprague-Dawley rat and then treated the swimming and low power laser. Methods: Adjuvant Induced Arthritis was induced 24 Sprague-Dawley rat by the subcutaneous injection of a 0.2ml Freund's Complete Adjuvant into the right hind paw and right knee joint. Second injection used of 0.05ml Freund's Complete Adjuvant by same method. Arthritic rat were divided 3 groups; arthritic swimming group, arthritic laser group and case control group. The author performed several experimental tests which were the hind paw thickness, step length, knee joint space, activity of enzyme. Results: Hind paw thickness decreased in swimming and laser group. Left step length and knee joint space increased in swimming and laser. Conclusion: Swimming and low power laser therapy on the Adjuvant Induced Arthritis in rats does effective for the rheumatic arthritis therapy by decrease of hind paw thickness, increase of opposite side step length, increase of activity of albumin and IgG and increase of knee joint space.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2007

스페이스프레임의 볼 조인트 접합부에서는 축부에 핀의 삽입을 위한 구멍이 존재하기 때문에 응력집중으로 인한 취성파단의 우려가 있다. 따라서 접합부에서의 변형능력이나 에너지흡수능력은 낮은 편이다. 본 연구에서는 볼 조인트 접합부의 소성변형능력을 향상시키기고 현장에서 발생할 수 있는 시공오차의 흡수가 가능하도록, 볼트의 나사부나 핀부의 취성파단 없이 감소된 축부에서 소성변형능력이 기대되는 새로운 접합상세를 개발하였으며 수치해석과 실험을 통해 그 성능을 검증하고자 하였다. 수치해석과 실험을 통하여 볼트의 축부 및 핀부의 단면을 조절함으로써 기존 고력볼트보다 소성변형능력이 향상됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.869-876
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• 2017

기계시스템을 제어한다든지 그 부재를 설계하기 위하여 그리고 구동기의 용량을 결정하는데 있어서 구동력이나 조인트반력을 해석하는 것이 필요하다. 본 논문은 주어진 시스템의 운동을 구현하는 다양한 형태의 구동조건에 따른 구동력(또는 토크)을 조인트좌표 공간에서 계산하는 알고리즘을 제시한다. 조인트좌표를 기구학적 시스템의 일반좌표로 사용하며 운동방정식과 구속조건의 가속도식은 속도변환법을 이용하여 직교좌표공간으로부터 조인트좌표공간으로 변환한다. 수치예제를 통하여 제시된 알고리즘의 유용성을 확인한다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.332-340
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• 2016

A design optimization is performed for the double-bolted joint in cylindrical composite structures by using a simplified analytical method. This method uses failure criteria for the major failure modes of the bolted composite joint. For the double-bolted joint with a zigzag arrangement, it is necessary to consider an interaction effect between the bolt arrays. This paper proposes another failure mode which is determined by angle and distance between two bolts in different arrays and define a failure criterion for the failure mode. The optimal design for the double-bolted joint is carried out by considering the interactive net-tension failure mode. The genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted to determine the optimized parameters; bolt spacing, edge distance, and stacking sequence of the composite laminate. A purpose of the design optimization is to maximize the burst pressure of the cylindrical structures by ensuring structural integrity. Also, a progressive failure analysis (PFA) is performed to verify the results of the optimal design for the double-bolted joint. In PFA, Hashin 3D failure criterion is used to determine the ply that would fail. A stiffness reduction model is then used to reduce the stiffness of the failed ply for the corresponding failure mode.