• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.204-207
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• 1990

This study was conducted to evaluate the potassium availability of soybean grown on potted soil amended with 20% by weight of fly ash for two years of which the second year was done on its residual effect. Soybean growth was normal with incorporation of 20% fly ash. The increase in yield was accompanied by an increase in the potassium contents of plant and soil.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.619-622
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• 1993

Rumen bacterial amino acids in sheep on urea diet were monitored to assess a possible change in amino acid synthesis as a long term response to high rumen ammonia environment. A sheep was fed a semipurified diet with soybean meal, followed by a diet with urea as a main nitrogen source. Mixed rumen bacteria were harvested from ruminal fluid taken 3 h after feeding (twice in soybean meal feeding and 6 times in urea feeding) and fractionated as cell wall, proteins and protein-free cell supernatant of monitor amino acids in each fraction. Ruminal ammonia concentration at the sampling ranged from 5.7 to 39.5 mgN/dl. Cell wall and protein fractions of mixed rumen bacteria were stable in their amino acid composition regardless of nitrogen sources of diet and the feeding duration. However, protein-free cell supernatant fraction showed a higher alanine proportion with urea feeding (18.6 and 28.2 molar % of alanine for samples from sheep fed soybean meal and urea, respectively) and its duration (20.6 and 32.9 molar % for samples from sheep on urea diet for 1 and 65 days, respectively). Total free amino acid level of bacteria was depressed in the initial period of urea feeding but restored on 65th day of the feeding. These results suggest that an alanine synthesizing system may develop in rumen bacteria as urea feeding becomes longer.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.376-382
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• 2014

This study determined the level of fermented soybean meal (FSM) that could be substituted for fish meal in the diet for parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish meal (FM) was used the sole protein source in the control diet. FSM was substituted for 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the fish meal in the experimental diets. The FSM resulted in increased crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash, but decreased crude fiber. The methionine and tryptophan contents in the FSM increased, while lysine and threonine decreased. The 18:2n-6 fatty acid content decreased from 55.30% to 28.67%. Fermentation increased 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) by 2.03% and 15.54%, respectively, although the differences were not significant. Based on growth performance, we concluded that FSM could replace up to 60% of FM for the maximum growth of juvenile parrot fish.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.89-95
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• 2008

Flounder were fed a reference diet and test diets containing various feed ingredients: mackerel fish meal, meat meal, soybean meal, wheat flour, wheat gluten, corn gluten meal and brewer's yeast. Apparent digestibility was determined using a reference diet with 0.5% chromic oxide indicator and test diets contained 70% reference diet and 30% of the feed ingredient being evaluated. Apparent digestibility coefficients for amino acid and energy in the reference and test diets were determined, and digestibility coefficients for the test ingredients were calculated based on differences in the digestibility of test diets relative to the reference diet. The fish averaging 300 g were held in 2000 L tanks at a density of 20 fish per tank. Feces were collected from three replicate groups of fish using a fecal collection column attached to fish rearing tank. Apparent total amino acids digestibilities(90-95%) of mackerel fish meal, soybean meal, wheat gluten, corn gluten meal and brewer's yeast were higher than those of meat meal and wheat flour(P<0.05). Apparent energy digestibilities(86-98%) of mackerel fish meal, meat meal, soybean meal, wheat gluten and corn gluten meal were significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of wheat flour and brewer's yeast. These results provide useful information about nutrient and energy utilization for flounder.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 1998

In order to compare economics of soybean meals (SBMS) imported from Brazil and the U.S., a feeding trial was conducted with 480 commercial broiler chicks (Abor Acres strain) for 38 days. The Brazilian SBM was brownish in color and the protein solubility in 0.2 % KOH solution was 63. 4 %. The U.S. SBM, on the other hand, was a dehulled SBM, and uniform in color (light yellow) and particle size. The protein solubility value of the latter was 76.6 %. Two dietary protein levels (19 % and 21 %) were used for each source of SBM (2x2 factorial). Chicks fed diets containing the U.S. SBM grew significantly faster (P<0.05) and utilized feed more efficiently than chicks fed diets containing Brazilian SBM. Chicks fed diets containing 21 % CP showed better growth performance and profitability than those fed the 19 % CP diets. The price of the U.S. SBM was higher but the feed cost per unit gain was lower than the Brazilian SBM. Results suggest that there are over-cooked SBMs being traded on the Korean rnarket, and attention should be given to not only the price but also the quality of SBMs.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.23-29
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• 2008

This study was performed to develop mutant strain using a combination of UV irradiation procedures with protoplast mutagenesis in order to achieve an effective kasugamycin production from Streptomyceskasugaensis. Whenlessthan 1.0g/lof Linoleic acid was used, the cell growth was not inhibited. On the other hand, the cell growth was greatly inhibited when more than 1.6 g/l of linoleic acid was used. Among the various mutant strains, SK-12 was obtained in medium containing 1.6g/l of linoleic acid, showing the highest rate of both cell growth and kasugamycin production. In order to compare kasugamycin production with the SK-12 and the parent strain using soybean oil, cultures were performed in a flask. The production of kasugamycin was increased with the increase time. The maximum kasugamycin concentration was 1.2g/l after 6 days of culture. The product yield from soybean oil was 0.05g/l/g consumed carbon source, which was roughly 5.0 fold higher than the parent strain. These results show that it was effective method for obtaining a mutant resistant to linoleic acid for the effective production of kasugamycin from soybean oil.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.96-101
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• 2006

Phytoestrogens have been used as a food supplement to prevent osteoporosis. The isoflavones in the phytoestrogens are daidzein, genistein and formononetin which are present in various herbs. This study examined the quantity of isoflavones in medicinal herbs, which can be used as a phytoestrogen supplement; soybean. These isoflavones were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a UV/VIS detector. The concentration of daidzein in Puerariae Radix was $10,436.16{\pm}2,143.83\;mg/kg$ of the dried herb, which was much higher than that extracted from soybeans, $341.47{\pm}18.96\;mg/kg$. The amount of genistein in Sophorae flavescentis Radix ($336.09{\pm}50.89mg/kg$) was approximately 11 times higher than that extracted from soybean ($30.03{\pm}7.17mg/kg$). The level of formononetin in Dalbergiae odoriferae Lignum, $2,189.14{\pm}136.46mg/kg$, was the highest among the herbs tested. The total isoflavone content of Puerariae Radix was approximately 30 times higher than that extracted from soybean. Therefore, plants from the family Leguminosae, particularly Puerariae Radix, can be a good source of phytoestrogens.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.199-210
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• 2012

It can be hypothesized that dietary fatty acids can modulate immune responses in fish by inducing apoptosis of immune cells since dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) increase apoptosis by oxygen radicals generated by peroxidation. Thus we examined the effects of deferent dietary lipid sources such as squid liver oil (FO), linseed oil (LO) and soybean oil (SO) on oxidation (Cytochrome C oxidase; COS), apoptosis (TNF-${\alpha}$ Scinderin like) and immune (IL-$1{\beta}$ and NKEF) gene expression in the main immune organ (head kidney) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by Q-PCR analysis after feeding diets containing each oil (5%) for 15 weeks. Linseed oil and soybean oil were chosen to compare n-3 or n-6 enriched vegetable oils, respectively. Consequently, COS, TNF-${\alpha}$ and Scinderin like gene expression was increased in SO group, indicating the induction of oxidation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found in immune gene expression. In conclusion vegetable oils containing n-3 PUFA like linseed oil seems to be more suitable lipid source than soybean oil for replacement of fish oil in flounder since n-6 PUFA in SO leads to activation of apoptosis pathways within the cellular damage in head kidney.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.344-349
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• 2005

Aldose reductase catalyzes the conversion of glucose into sorbitol. Inhibiting this enzyme in diabetes mellitus can delay or prevent pathogenic process. Aldose reductase inhibitor was screened from Korean fermented soybean pastes (Doen-jang) and purified via sequential processes of ethanol extraction, HP-20 column chromatography, ethyl acetate extraction, silica gel column chromatography, and crystallization. Aldose reductase inhibitor was identified as genistein with molecular weight of 270 Da and molecular formula of $C_{15}H_{10}O_5$ based on UV spectrometry, $^1H$ and $^{13}C\;NMRs$, and mass spectrometry. Genistein inhibited aldose reductase of pig lens with $IC_{50}$ level of $20\;{\mu}M$. Because genistein was effective against aldose reductase of animal source, it may be a potential therapeutic agent for diabetic complications.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.65-81
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• 2017

In Korea, sesame oil has been used as a flavor source mainly by edible oil since ancient times, and it has been used by domestic screw pressing. In the 1960's, the demand for edible oils and fats increased significantly due to the improvement of national income and changes in food consumption patterns. In the early 1970's, a few edible oil manufacturing companies with modern solvent extraction and refining plants were established. In Korea, edible oil manufacturers account for more than 85% of employees with 50 or fewer employees. In Korea, there is a very shortage of raw materials for edible oils and fats, domestic production of edible oil is decreasing year by year and import volume is continuously increasing. While importing the edible oil bearing ingredients including soybean and extracted oil in the past, recently mainly imports crude oil and refines it in Korea. Soybean oil, palm oil and tallow account for 70~90% of total imported edible oils. Due to the recent well-being trend, the demand for olive, canola and grapeseed oils as household edible oil has increased and the production of blended oil has been greatly increased. Since the late 1980's, people have recognized edible oil and fat as a food instead of seasoning ingredient and have increased their edible oil and fat intake in Korea. Since the early 2000's, refined oil and fat products produced in Korea have been exported and is increasing every year.