• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2007

This study was designed to evaluate the balance of fatty acids for the Korean style broiled beef and pork ingredient of the rate of mixture oil with sesame oil, soybean oil and perilla oil, by self-developed computer program. Each 3 kinds of Korean style broiled beef and pork by the rate of mixure oil with sesame oil, soybean oil and perilla oil, were evaluated by using the self-developed computer program. Contents of calories were 415.6kcal in Korean style broiled beef, 656.3 kcal in Korean style broiled pork. The mean of protein were 41.35g, Korean style broiled beef, 32.66g, Korean style broiled pork. The ratio of C/P/F ratio of Korean style broiled beef and pork, 21/ 40/ 39, 10/ 20/ 70. The mean P/ M/ S of fatty acids in Korean style broiled beef and pork ratio was similar $0.4{\sim}0.5/\;1.4{\sim}1.5/\;1$. The ${\omega}6/{\omega}3$ ratio of fatty acids of Korean style broiled beef and pork using sesame oil was 54.3, 56.9 much higher than desirable $level(4{\sim}8)$. But the ${\omega}6/{\omega}3$ ratio of fatty acids of Korean style broiled beef using mixture oil with sesame oil, soybean oil and perilla oil were 4.6, 4.2 desirable $level(4{\sim}8)$, Korean style broiled pork using mixture oil with sesame oil, soybean oil and perilla oil were 3.0, 6.2. It means the ${\omega}6/{\omega}3$ ratio of fatty acids of Korean style broiled beef and pork was improved of desirable level respectively by using the mixture oil with sesame oil, soybean oil and perilla oil, than using sesame oil.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1458-1465
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• 2008

Effects of soybean oil or whole cotton seed addition on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and performance of fattening Brahman$\times$Thai-Native cattle were studied. Eighteen fattening cattle averaging $241{\pm}24kg$ body weight and approximately 1 year old were stratified by live weight into three groups and randomly assigned by group to one of three dietary treatments. The treatments were control (concentrated 14% crude protein), control and supplemented with 170 g/d soybean oil, control plus 170 g/d of oil from whole cotton seed. All animals were weighed before and after the experimental period and 4 cattle per treatment were randomly slaughtered then carcass measurements were obtained. There were no statistically significantly differences in the final body weight, average daily gain and dry matter intake among treatments. However, the crude protein intake was significantly decreased (p<0.01) when whole cotton seed was fed compared with control and soybean oil treatments. The carcass composition and carcass characteristics were not significantly different in Longissimus and Semimembranosus muscle by feeding soybean oil and whole cotton seed compared with the control treatment. Supplementation of soybean oil increased (p<0.01) cis-9, trans-11 CLA by 116% in Longissimus muscle and by 240% in Semimembranosus muscle. However, whole cotton seed did not increase cis-9, trans-11 CLA in both muscles. The present study successfully increased cis-9, trans-11 CLA content of muscle lipids by soybean oil but not by whole cotton seed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.663-671
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate not only quality characteristics such as overrun, meltdown and sensory evaluation of oligosaccharide-supplemented soy ice cream but also physiological effects of ice cream with soy and/or oligosaccharide on blood sugar and lipid profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Powder of parched soybean was added at $7.6\%$ replacing skimmed milk and cream, soybean oil at $7.6\%$ replacing milk oil in cream, and fructooli-gosaccharide at $9.5\%$ replacing sucrose on weight basis. Five kinds of ice cream were prepared: MMS (skimmed milk, milk oil, sucrose), MMO (skimmed milk, milk oil, oligosaccharide), SSS (soybean, soybean oil, sucrose), SSO (soybean, soybean oil, oligosaccharide), and BSO (black soybean, soybean oil, oligosaccharide). Overrun and meltdown of soy ice cream were significantly lower than those of milk ice cream. Scores of sensory evaluation especially in mouth feel and melting feel in mouth were lower in soy ice cream. Freeze-dried ice cream was supplemented to AIN93-based diets at $30\%$(w/w). Sprague-Dawley male rats with diabetes induced by injecting streptozotocin were fed experimental diets for 4 weeks. Plasma glucose level was significantly lowered in SSO group compared with MMS group. Plasma insulin levels of MMO and SSO groups were not significantly different from that of normal group, while those of MMS and SSO group were significantly lower than normal group. Plasma cholesterol was decreased in groups fed ice cream supplemented either soybean or fructooligosaccharide compared to MMS group. HDL-cholesterol level was elevated and triglyceride was decreased significantly in MMO group compared to MMS group. LDL-cholesterol levels of SSS and BSO groups and liver triglyceride level of SSO group were significantly lower compared to MMS group. In conclusion, oligosaccharide-supplemented soy ice cream lowered blood sugar, and ice cream supplemented with soybean and/or oligosaccharide improved lipid profile in diabetic rats.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 1994

The present study was carried out in atheroscleorotic New Zealend white(NZW) rabbits. to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with Korean pinenut oil, on plasma total fatty acid composition. In study I, NZW rabbits were fed 10 weeks on a commercial chow diet supplemented with 5% of energy as fats(soybean oil or pinenut oil) or 10% of energy as fats(soybean oil or pinenut oil) with the addition of 1% cholesterol to the diet. Nineteen fatty acids ranged from myristic acid (14:0) to cervonic acid (22:6 ${\omega}3$) were identified in all the samples. The c5, c9, $c12{\sim}18$ : 3 acid was not reported in the fatty acid methyl ester profiles of each group because it was included in the linoleic acid peak. The major constitutent fatty acids in the chow diet group were linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid. In the cholesterol group, oleic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid were the major fatty acids. In plasma of cholesterol-fed animals, the levels of 16:1 ${\omega}$ 7 and 18:1 1 ${\omega}$ 9 were increased. Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid in soybean oil/cholesterol and pinenut oil/cholesterol groups. Plasma linoleic acid levels were significantly incresed from 4 to 6% by the supplementation of 5% soybean or 5% pinenut oil in the cholesterol diet for 5 weeks, compared to cholesterol group. Plasma 16 : 1 ${\omega}$ 7 levels in animals fed with 5 or 10% pinenut oils were significantly lower than in those fed cholesterol for 5 weeks. After 10 weeks on the soybean oil and pinenut oil diet there were no significant differences in the fatty acid composition. In study II, the fatty acid composition was not affected by the types or levels of oils supplemented for 5 weeks. After 10 weeks on the oil diets 16:1 ${\omega}$ 7 and 18:1 ${\omega}$ 9 were decreased in 10% soybean in oil/cholesterol and 10% pinenut oil/cholesterol groups, compared to cholesterol group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.712-719
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of inclusion level on the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and total tract digestibility of acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE) of cottonseed oil when fed to growing pigs. Methods: Forty-two barrows (initial body weight = $35.51{\pm}2.01kg$) were randomly allotted to a completely randomized design with a corn-soybean meal basal diet, five levels of cottonseed oil (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) and a 10% soybean oil diet. Each diet was replicated six times with one pig per replicate. The experiment lasted 19 days, 7 d for cage adaptation, 7 d for diets adaptation and last 5 d for feces and urine collection. The energy values and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of cottonseed oil and soybean oil were calculated by the difference method, and regression equations were established to predict the energy values of cottonseed oil. The apparent digested fat of the entire intestinal tract was also regressed against dietary fat intake to determine the true total tract digestibility (TTTD) and endogenous loss of fat for cottonseed oil. Results: The results showed that the DE and ME contents of cottonseed oil were not different as the inclusion level increased. The DE and ME values determined by the regression equation were 36.28 MJ/kg and 34.96 MJ/kg, respectively, and the values were similar to the mean DE and ME values calculated by the difference method (36.18 and 35.56 MJ/kg, respectively). The ATTD of cottonseed oil was also not affected by the inclusion level of cottonseed oil, and the TTTD and EFL determined by the regression method were 92.40% and 13.83 g/kg of dry matter intake for corn-soybean basal diet. The DE, ME, and ATTD of AEE in soybean oil determined by the difference method were 35.70 MJ/kg, 35.20 MJ/kg and 92.31%, respectively. There were no differences in the DE, ME, and ATTD between cottonseed oil and soybean oil, although the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids for soybean oil was higher than for cottonseed oil. Conclusion: The DE, ME, and ATTD values of cottonseed oil were not affected by its dietary inclusion level. The energy values of cottonseed oil determined by the difference and regression methods were similar. Furthermore, the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid for oils was not the decisive factor to influence the energy values and ATTD of oils.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2003

Structured lipid (SL) produced from soybean oil was enriched with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The SL had 21.9 mol % CLA isomers incorporated into SL-soybean after the 24-h reaction. Removal of tocopherols (73～84% loss from original soybean oil) was observed in the SL. Electronic nose can discriminate the aroma of SL-soybean from that of soybean oil. Many oxidative volatiles including pentenal, octenal, 2,4-decandienal, and nonenal were found in SL-soybean. Electronic nose, which is valuable for composite aroma analysis, can provide flavor information together with GC-MS that is useful for qualitative or quantitative analysis of each odor compound in SL.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2008

Using crude soybean oil as the sole carbon source, the lincomycin production from Streptomyces lincolnensis LC 345 was investigated in the air lift bioreactor. When 30 g/L of crude soybean oil was used, the maximum lincomycin concentration reached 0.89 g/L, after 5 days of culture. When CSL concentration was increased from 10 to 30 g/L, Lincomycin concentration was increased from 0.6 to 1.2. On the other hand, when CSL concentration was increased from 40 to 60 g/L, it was decreased from 1.15 to 0.7 g/L. Using these results, fed batch cultures for comparing the use of crude soybean oil and glucose as a conventional carbon source were carried out in a 5 L air lift bioreactor. When crude soybean oil was used as the sole carbon source, the maximum lincomycin concentration was 2.0 g/L, which was about 2.0 fold higher than that of glucose medium after 7 day of culture. The product yield from olive oil was 0.042 g/g consumed carbon source, which was about 3.8 fold higher than that of glucose.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1161-1171
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• 2019

Objective: The current study aimed to replace soybean oil in broiler diets with linseed oil, which is rich in omega-3 fatty acid supplemented with pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and measured its effect on broiler performance, carcass traits, lipid profile, as well as fatty acids composition, phenols and flavonoids content of broiler muscles and immunity of broiler chicks. Methods: A total of 300 1-day-old Cobb chicks were randomly allotted into six experimental groups, T1 fed on basal diet with soybean oil without any additives, T2 fed on basal diet with soybean oil with addition of 0.5 g/kg diet PPE, T3 fed on fed on basal diet with soybean oil with addition of 1 g/kg diet PPE, T4 fed on basal diet with linseed oil without any additives, T5 fed on basal diet with linseed oil with addition of 0.5 g/kg diet PPE and T6 fed on basal diet with linseed oil with addition of 1 g/kg diet PPE. The PPE supplementation with 0.05% improved final body weight with either soybean oil ration or linseed oil ration. Results: The PPE improved carcass dressing percentage in comparison with the control groups. Body fat levels decreased with increasing PPE levels, especially with a linseed oil diet. Replacing soybean oil with linseed oil decreased the total cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in broiler serum. The PPE supplementation decreased serum total cholesterol levels and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The content of the breast muscle alpha linolenic acid improved after replacement of soybean oil with linseed oil in broiler diets. PPE supplementation increased the phenol and flavonoid content in broiler meat and increased lysozyme activity. Conclusion: Replacing soybean oil with linseed oil in broiler diets with the addition of PPE enriched muscle meat with omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants and improved broiler immunity and their serum lipid profile.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.376-380
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• 1999

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of feeding winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) oil on egg cholesterol and fatty acid of Japanese quail. Four groups of 10-week-old Japanese quails (n=10 per group) were fed a basal diet (20% CP, 2890 kcal/kg) supplemented with 5% of either animal tallow, soybean oil, corn oil or winged bean oil over an 8-week period. At the end of the experiment, 7 birds in each treatment were killed by decapitation. Blood samples and livers were collected for cholesterol analyses. There were no significant differences in final body weight, feed intake, egg production, egg and yolk weight due to the different oil treatments. Egg and plasma cholesterol levels obtained with the winged bean oil diet were higher than those obtained with the animal tallow or soybean oil diets, but were not significantly different from those obtained with com oil diet. Egg lipid, liver lipid and liver cholesterol content was lower with the winged bean oil diet than with the animal tallow diet. It may be concluded that the winged bean oil diet did not impair laying performance, but increased egg and plasma cholesterol levels compared with soybean oil or animal tallow diets. Winged bean oil diet produced eggs with a higher oleic content and lower linoleic content compared with the soybean or com oil diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary coconut oil as a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) source on performance, carcass composition and serum lipids in male broilers. A total of 540, one-day-old, male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments with each treatment being applied to 6 replicates of 18 chicks. The basal diet (i.e., R0) was based on corn and soybean meal and was supplemented with 1.5% soybean oil during the starter phase (d 0 to 21) and 3.0% soybean oil during the grower phase (d 22 to 42). Four experimental diets were formulated by replacing 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% of the soybean oil with coconut oil (i.e., R25, R50, R75, and R100). Soybean oil and coconut oil were used as sources of long-chain fatty acid and MCFA, respectively. The feeding trial showed that dietary coconut oil had no effect on weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. On d 42, serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were linearly decreased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and total lipase activities were linearly increased as the coconut oil level increased (p<0.01). Abdominal fat weight/eviscerated weight (p = 0.05), intermuscular fat width (p<0.01) and subcutaneous fat thickness (p<0.01) showed a significant quadratic relationship, with the lowest value at R75. These results indicated that replacement of 75% of the soybean oil in diets with coconut oil is the optimum level to reduce fat deposition and favorably affect lipid profiles without impairing performance in broilers.