• 한국안광학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 2013

목적: 40세 이상의 한국 성인 남녀에서 녹내장 발병과 식사패턴과의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 40세 이상의 성인남녀 총 6,453명(남자 2,759명, 여자 3,694명)을 대상으로 하였다. 녹내장은 의사로부터 진단받았던 경우를 기준으로 하였다. 일차적으로 녹내장과 비만지수와 관련성을 확인하기 위해서 녹내장과 정상군에서 허리둘레와 체질량지수를 비교하였다. 두 번째로 등푸른 생선(고등어), 해조류(김, 미역), 콩류(콩류, 두유), 야채(시금치, 콩나물, 오이, 당근, 양배추, 고추, 토마토, 호박), 과일(귤, 사과, 딸기, 배, 포도, 복숭아)에 대해서 요인분석을 이용하여 식사패턴을 분석하였다. 마지막으로 추출된 식사패턴요인과 녹내장과의 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 녹내장과 정상군에서 허리둘레와 체질량지수는 각각 $82.25{\pm}9.96cm$와 $23.27{\pm}2.84kg/m^2$, 그리고 $75.79{\pm}13.79cm$와 $22.39{\pm}4.0kg/m^2$로 유의한 차이를 확인할 수 있었다(p<0.05). 요인분석에 의해 조사된 섭취식품은 총3개의 요인으로 추출되었으며, 이때의 요인 1은 콩나물, 시금치, 당근, 양배추, 미역, 오이, 고등어, 김으로 묶여졌다. 식사패턴요인 1은 녹내장의 발병 위험도를 줄이는 경향을 보였고(OR: 0.697, 95%CI: 0.496-0.980, p=0.038), 성별과 연령을 보정한 후에도(OR: 0.698, 95%CI: 0.497-0.982, p=0.039) 마찬가지로 나타났다. 결론: 한국성인을 대상으로 녹내장과 식사패턴요인과의 관련성을 처음 분석한 연구로서 야채, 김과 고등어는 녹내장의 위험도를 감소시키는 관계가 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권6호
• /
• pp.881-887
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary cashew nut testa (CNT) as an alternative feed ingredient to wheat bran on reproductive performance, litter performance, milk composition, and blood profiles of gestating sows. Methods: Forth multiparous sows ($Yorkshire{\times}Landrace$) were fed experimental diets starting at 35 days of pregnancy and an initial average body weight (BW) of $211.53{\pm}8.86kg$. Each sow was assigned to a treatment based on BW, backfat thickness (BF) and parity with 10 sows per treatment. Treatments were as follows: i) corn-soybean meal based diet with 6% of wheat bran (C0); ii) basal diet with 2% of CNT and 4% of wheat bran (C2); iii) basal diet with 4% of CNT and 2% of wheat bran (C4); and iv) basal diet with 6% of CNT (C6). Results: There were no statistically significant differences in BW and BF of gestating sows throughout the experimental period. However, changes in BF (p = 0.09) and the daily feed intake of sows (p = 0.09) tended to linearly increase during the lactation period. The weaning to estrus interval (WEI) showed a quadratic response to CNT treatment (p = 0.02), and the C2 diet showed the shortest WEI. Litter birth weight (p = 0.04) and piglet birth weight (p = 0.06) were linearly decreased with increase in CNT. Furthermore, there had no significant differences in piglet weight and litter weight in 21 day. Insulin concentration at day 70 of gestation was linearly reduced with increasing CNT level in diets (p = 0.03). Conclusion: When 6% CNT replaced wheat bran in gestating sow diets, there were no negative effects on sow performance, but litter birth weight and piglet birth weight were decreased when CNT level increased in gestating sow diets.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.97-114
• /
• 2012

This study was performed to assess the nutritional status and hair mineral content of children with behavioral problems and compare the values with a gender, age-matched control group. The subjects were recruited from S elementary school children in Seoul, Korea. Students scored higher than 60 points were diagnosed with behavioral problems according to the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist. Nutritional assessment of the two groups (behavior problem group: male n=15, female n=24; $9.6{\pm}1.6$ years, control group: male n=16, female n=18; $9.5{\pm}1.9$ years) was performed using a nutritional survey and by measuring hair mineral contents. In the results, food frequency questionnaire analysis showed that the intakes of anchovy (P<0.05), soybean curb (P<0.01), radish (P<0.05), bean sprouts (P<0.05), spinach (P<0.05), carrot (P<0.05), pumpkin (P<0.05), lettuce (P<0.05), cabbage (P<0.01), apple (P<0.05), and milk (P<0.01) were higher in the control group than the behavior problem group, whereas intakes of ramyeon (P<0.05), cookies (P<0.05), and coke (P<0.01) were higher in the behavior problem group than the control group. Intakes of most nutrients such as plant-derived protein (P<0.05), fiber (P<0.05), plant-derived calcium (P<0.05), phosphorus (P<0.05), plant-derived iron (P<0.05), vitamin B2 (P<0.05), vitamin B6 (P<0.05), vitamin C (P<0.01), vitamin E (P<0.05), and folate (P<0.05) were significantly higher in the control group than the behavior problem group. Hair analysis showed that the levels of arsenic (P<0.05), mercury (P<0.001), uranium (P<0.05), iron (P<0.001), boron (P<0.01), and germanium (P<0.001) were lower, but the levels of phosphate (P<0.05), chromium (P<0.001), sodium (P<0.05), and sulfur (P<0.001) were higher in the behavior problem group than the control group. Conclusively, behavioral problems constitute a complicated condition in which nutritional factors may play major roles. However, it is still under investigation as to whether or not modification of dietary habits or nutritional supplementation can improve children's behavior, since symptoms require a broad understanding of the environmental and genetic interactions.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.96-103
• /
• 1970

우리나라의 여러가지 현실정을 고려해볼 때 모든 영양소의 보급원이 될 수 있으며 값이 바서 농어촌 어린이까지 널리 이용할 수 있는 영양식품의 개발은 대단히 시급하고도 중요한 일이다. 이 연구에서는 그 개발을 위하여 몇 가지 농산물을 주원료로 적절히 가공하고 여기에 FPC 효모 경화유 비타민 무기질 등을 첨가한 새로운 분말식품을 제조하고, 이에 대한 이화학적 성상을 조사하였다. 가. 시제품은 담황색 분말로서 순한 향취를 가지며 ;water absorption index, 320; 총균수, $10^4/g$ 이하:sedimentation value, 63: Bostwick consistency value, 15cm/30% 및 ring test value, 23cm/30% 이었다. 나. 단백질을 22-25% 함유하는 이 시제품은 FAO표준구성(1957)을 기준으로 할 때 주제한아미노산이 총 함유황아미노산이며, 단백가는 F-F-3가 45, F-P-4는 75이었다. 그러나 수정된 FAO 표준구성(1965)과 비교해보면 threonine이 제한아미노산이며 이 때의 F-P-4의 단백가는 93이었다. 한편 Holt 등이 제안한 유아필수아미노산 소요량을 F-P-4와 비교한 결과 12 개월된 유아의 하루 소요량을 P-P-4 130g으로서 대체로 만족시키고 있었다. 다. 비타민 및 무기질 함량을 분석 조사한 결과 이 제품 100g으로서도 유유아의 1일 권장량을 대채로 충족시킬 수 있었다.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.3-12
• /
• 2001

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are important components of brain phospholipds and play important role (s) in brain function. In rats, the maximum brain growth occurs during the period of lactation even though it happens during the third trimester of gestation in human. Since milk contained docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) even through the maternal diet had no DHA and/or a very small amount of its precursor, $\alpha$-linolenic acid ($\alpha$-LnA), an emphasis was given to maternal adipose tissue as a reservoir of this fatty acid. We, therefore, investigated the mesenteric and subcutaneous adipose tissues for their fatty acid composition in dams reared with different fat diets. Diets containing various amounts of $\omega$6 and $\omega$3 fatty acids were given to adult female rats (200-250g) throughout the pregnancy and lactation periods. Diets were composed of 10% (wt/wt) corn oil (CO), soybean oil (SO), perilla seed oil (PO) containing about 60% $\alpha$-LnA, or fish oil (FO) rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA. The fatty acid ompositions of mesenteric and subcutaneous fat were measured and evaluated at Day-2 and Day-15 after parturition. In general, major characteristics of dietary fatty acid composition was reflected on the fatty acid composition of adipose tissues. Dietary fatty acid composition was reflected more on mesenteric fat as compared to subcutaneous fat. Mesenteric fat was found to contain less arachidonic acid (AA) and mesenteric fats of CO, SO and PO groups contained less DHA than did the subcutaneous fat. The P/M/S ratios of adipose tissues were similar between experimental groups while dietary P/M/S ratios differed significantly. It was noticeable that a small proportion of DHA was found in the adipose tissues of animals of CO, SO and PO groups (Day-2) and in SO and PO groups (Day-15), the groups which do not contain DHA in their diets. The percentage of DHA in mesenteric fat o CO, SO and PO groups decreased as lactation continues, while the proportion of DHA in FO group increased. Adipose tissues of FO group had higher DHA/EPA ratio as compared to the diet. Considering the fact that the body contains a large amount of adipose tissues, our present finding suggests that the adipose tissue can serve as a reservoir of DHA for pregnant and lactating rats.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.324-335
• /
• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We examined dietary fat intake and the major food sources by young children in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 1,041 children aged 1-5 years were identified from the 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data on total fat and fatty acid intake were obtained by a single 24-h dietary recall. Food sources were identified based on the amounts of total fat and fatty acids consumption according to each food. Fat and fatty acid intakes and their food sources were presented by age group (1-2-y, n = 401; 3-5-y, n = 640). Fat and fatty acid intakes were also evaluated according to socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS: The mean intake of fat was $27.1{\pm}0.8g$ in the 1-2-y group and $35.5{\pm}0.7g$ in the 3-5-y group, and about 23% of the total energy was obtained from fat in both age groups. The mean intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was $10.5{\pm}0.3g$ in the 1-2-y group and $12.7{\pm}0.3g$ in the 3-5-y group, with the 1-2-y group obtaining more energy from SFA than the 3-5-y group (9.2% vs. 8.3%). The mean intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was $6.3{\pm}0.1g$ in the total subjects, with $0.8{\pm}0.03g$ of n-3 fatty acids and $5.5{\pm}0.1g$ of n-6 fatty acids being consumed. Milk, pork, and eggs were major food sources of total fat, SFA, and monounsaturated fatty acids, and soybean oil was the main contributor to PUFA in both age groups. In the 1-2-y group, children in rural areas had significantly higher intake of PUFA and n-3 fatty acids than did those in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide current information on dietary fat intake among young Korean children and could be used to establish dietary strategies for improvement of health status.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.3-9
• /
• 1984

경남 마산시, 진해시, 창원시에 거주하고 있는 일부 유치원 아동중 단백질(蛋白質) 급원(給源) 식품(食品)을 기피(忌避)하는 103명(名)에 대(對)한 식이형성(食餌形成)과 그 요인을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1) 남여비(男女比)는 1.2 : 1로서 남아(男兒)에 다소 높게 나타나고 생활(生活)은 중류(中流)이며 어머니의 학력은 고졸(高卒), 그리고 첫째 아이가 많았고 대부분 $2{\sim}3$형제의 핵가족(核家族)이였다. 2) 단백질(蛋白質) 급원식품(給源食品) 38개중 50%이상이 기피(忌避)하는 식품(食品)은 메주콩, 꽁치, 고등어, 멸치, 조개, 굴, 된장, 명태, 북어, 납세미, 미꾸라지, 도미, 민어, 조기, 곰국, 쇠간, 돼지고기, 칼치 등 18개 식품(食品)이였고 33%이상이 먹어보지 못한 식품(食品)은 쇠간, 쇠곱창, 쇠갈비, 뱀장어. 미꾸라지 등을 들고 있었다. 3) 기피(忌避) 이유(理由)는 맛이 좋지 않아서가 43.7%로 가장 많았고 독특한 냄새가 싫어서가 29.1%를 나타내었고 어머니의 생각으로는 몸에 좋다고 억지로 먹이려한 것이 가장 큰 원인으로 (30.1%) 보고 있었고 다음이 가족이나 친구의 영향 (29.1%) 으로 보고 있었다. 4)이의 교정을 위하여 아동은 맛있고 예쁘고 골고루 해주기를 원했고 어머니들은 이에 관한 구체적인 영양교육 실시를 원하고 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.458-463
• /
• 2007

항균활성, 항산화성 등 다양한 생리활성이 있는 황금 에탄올 추출물의 두부 저장성 증진 효과를 검토하기 위하여 황금에탄올 추출물을 0.05%, 0.1%를 첨가하고, Bacillus sp. KN-4포자를 접종한 두부를 $25^{\circ}C$에서 저장하면서 품질변화를 측정한 결과, 총균수가 $10^7 CFU/mL$에 도달하는 시간이 대조구는 24시간, 황금 에탄을 추출물 0.05% 첨가구는 36시간, 0.1% 첨가구는 48시간이 소요되었다. pH와 산도는 12시간까지는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 저장 24시간 이후의 대조구에서는 pH가 급격하게 감소되었고, 산도는 증가하였다. Strength, hardness는 저장초기 대조구보다 황금 에탄올 추출물 첨가구가 높게 나타났으며, 대조구는 저장 초기부터, 0.05% 첨가구는 24시간부터 다소 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었으나, 0.1% 첨가구는 저장기간 중 뚜렷한 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 관능적인 평가는 대조구에 비해 조직감은 첨가구가, 맛은 대조구가 높았으며, 그 외 색상, 풍미 등에서는 첨가구와 대조구간의 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.386-390
• /
• 1993

참외 발효식품을 제조하기 위한 적절한 접종균의 개발을 목적으로 실시한 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 참외의 외피(참외의 약 15%)를 제거하고 참외속(참외의 약 15%)을 제거하여 얻어진 참외과육(참외의 약 70%)에 물엿, 자당, 감자전분, 탈지분유 및 콩가루를 첨가한 참외 발효배지가 참외발효식품 발효배지로서 적합한 것이 밝혀졌고 찹쌀가루의 사용은 관능검사 결과 부적합한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 참외발효배지를 $95^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 살균처리 한 후 1% 젖산균을 접종하여 $35^{\circ}C$에서 12시간 발효시키고 이후 $8^{\circ}C$에서 3일 동안 숙성시켜 참외 발효식품이 제조되었다. 단일균주에 의한 참외 발효식품의 제조에서 Pediococcus acidilactici 균주는 12시간의 발효기간 중 모든 균주 중 가장 왕성한 산의 생성과 성장을 보여주었으나 이후 숙성기간 중에는 균이 소멸되는 현상을 보여주었고, Lactobacillus plantarum 균주는 발효기간 중 생성이 왕성하지는 않았지만 이후 숙성기간 중에도 꾸준히 균수와 산 생성이 증가하는 현상을 보여주었다. Pediococcus acidilactici 균주와 Lactobacillus plantarum 균주의 혼합발효에 의한 참외 발효식품 제조에 있어서 두 균주의 혼합발효는 두 균주 각각의 단일균주에 의한 발효 때보다 더욱 왕성한 균수의 증가를 보여 주었다, 숙성기간 중의 L. plantarum의 계속적인 성장을 P. acidilactici 균주가 억제시키는 효과를 보여 주었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권9호
• /
• pp.4469-4475
• /
• 2016

Indonesia is a developing country, in most of which the infection rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) have been reported to be high. However, the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Indonesia has been unexpectedly reported to be low. The purpose of our study was to confirm whether the prevalence of H. pylori infection is low among healthy inhabitants in Northern Jakarta by 13C-urea breath test (UBT), and to examine the association of their lifestyle/environmental factors with H. pylori infection and to identify potential routes of transmission. We recruited a total of 196 subjects from a low-income community in Northern Jakarta, Indonesia. Of them, 193 subjects who completed a questionnaire about their lifestyle/environment and had UBT were included in this study. Odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for sex and age with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression model. The overall H. pylori infection rate was 15.0%. There was difference in H. pylori infection rates among Buginese (40.0%), Betawi (9.1%), Sundanese (3.7%), and Batak (9.1%). After multivariate analysis, the ORs of intake of soybean milk, cucumber more than one time a week, infrequent hand washing before meals, and alcohol consumption were 0.10 (95%CI: 0.01-0.97), 6.61 (95%CI: 1.87-23.3), 4.10 (95%CI: 1.15-14.6), and 61.9 for former drinkers (95%CI: 1.67-2300.8), respectively. Buginese (OR=7.84; 95%CI: 1.82-33.8) and Batak ethnic groups (OR=20.1; 95%CI: 1.90-213.2) were infected more frequently, compared with Javanese. The H. pylori infection rate in this study was low, as reported previously. After we scrutinized the factors, Buginese and Batak ethnic groups eat food using fingers more frequently than Javanese, Betawi, and Sundanese. In addition, infrequent hand wash practice before meal increased the risk. Our study indicated that person-person transmission was possible in this low prevalence area. The low infection rates of H. pylori among those of Javanese, Betawi, and Sundanese ethnicity could be partly due to sanitary practice.