• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 2005

In this study, the ameliorating effect of soybean embryos on the impact of alcohol consumption was investigated on rat hepatocytes and in reducing total serum cholesterol levels and total serum lipid levels. Liver histology and two clinically important enzyme markers, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), of rats administered with both alcohol and soybean embryo were compared with a control group. The treatment regimen of soybean embryo significantly reduced the serum ALT and AST levels of the subjects, demonstrating the hepato-protective effects of soybean embryo. Electron microscopy indicated that the administration of soybean embryo preserved the important hepatocyte structures and prevented the presence of lipid droplets and secondary lysosomes. Furthermore, total cholesterol and total lipid levels were significantly reduced. These results indicate that treatment with soybean embryo can positively mediate the effects of alcohol on hepatocytes and general liver functions.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.211-220
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• 2019

This study was to investigate the physiological activities of bioconversion soybean embryo extract and the effects of sleeping pack containing extract on skin. The aglycone isoflavones of the soybean embryo extract bioconversed with pectinase were identified by HPLC. in vitro tests showed that they were non-toxic, anti-inflammatory, anti-melanin and anti-aging activity. After 4 weeks of human body application with the sleeping pack using extract, the skin surface roughness and eye wrinkles were so improved by low stimulation that the sleeping pack containing bioconversion soybean embryo extract has a positive effect on the skin. We confirmed that the bioconversion soybean embryo extract was effective in enhancing the physiological activity and was useful as a cosmetic material of various formulations.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.547-552
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• 1993

Soybean nuclear extracts and S-100 were prepared to examine the soybean embryo factors which bind to the upstream region of soybean ${\beta}-conglycinin$ ${\alpha}'$ subunit gene. SEF3(soybean embryo factor 3), which is presumed to be a trans-acting factor for the expression of the gene, was detected in gel mobility shift assay using the DNA probe containing two AACCCA hexanucleotides. DNA probe containing CATGCAT or AACACA was used to find any other soybean embryo factor interacting with the upstream region of ${\beta}-Conglycinin$ ${\alpha}'$ subunit gene. It was found that there was no common DNA binding protein detected both in nuclear extracts and S-100. The relative levels of SEF3 binding activity both in nuclear extracts and S-100 of maturing soybean seeds were determined. SEF3 activity of nuclear extracts was first detected around 20 days after pollination and significantly increased around 32 days after pollination.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.553-556
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• 1993

Soybean nuclear extracts were prepared to examine the expression of SEF3 (soybean embryo factors 3), which binds to the upstream region of soybean ${\beta}-conglycinin$ ${\alpha}'$ subunit gene and is presumed to be a trans-acting factor for the expression of the gene. The relative levels of SEF3 binding activity in nuclear extracts of maturing soybean embryos were determined using the SE3 DNA probe containing two AACCCA hexanucleotides for gel mobility shift assay. The SEF3 activity increased in developing embryos from 16 to 32 days after pollination, whereas the mobility of the SE3-SE3-SEF3 complex decreased. The mobility of the complex was increased by the treatment of nuclear extracts with alkaline phosphatese, which could be inhibited by phosphate. Formation of the SE3-SEF3 complex was not affected by the binding buffer pH between 6.8 and 8.5.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 1994

Lipoxygenase is involved in the formation of certain undesirable flavors of soybean products. Three isozymes(L-1, L-2 and L-3) of lipoxygenase have been identified in soybean seeds, and the three types of mutants lacking L-1, L-2 and L-3, respectively, were detected in the 1980's. In this paper, lipoxygenase activity was measured to investigate the response of lipoxygenase in organs and tissues during soybean development. There was no tendency according to genotypes between lipoxygenase lacking mutants and normal soybeans in lipoxygenase activity of leaf at $V_3$ and $V_5$ stage. Likewise, pod wall lipoxygenase was no difference among genotypes tested at R$_{6}$ stage. Seed coat lipoxygenase activity was similar among the lipoxygenase lacking mutants, while normal soybean was lower as compared with that of the lipoxygenase lacking mutants. Embryo and cotyledon lipoxygenase activity in the lipoxygenase lacking mutants was much lower than that of normal soybean, also there was large difference among lipoxygenase lacking mutants. Thus, the lipoxygenase null mutant showed very weak value although the lacking L-3 mutant had a large effect on developing embryo lipoxygenase activity. It was suggested that soybean lipoxygenase isozymes expressed in embryo may be different from those expressed in the pod wall and leaf tissues.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.335-343
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• 1993

The structure of cerebrosides from soybean embryo was determined using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometer (FAB-MS), gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and TLC. The components of cerebroside were determined by GC-MS after acid hydrolysis. The molecular weight distribution of cerebroside was measured by positive mode FAB-MS with LiOH saturated 3-nitrobenzylalcohol(3-NBA) matrix. Structures of individual components of complex mixtures can be determined easily by this process. The major constituent of soybean extracted cerebroside was determined as the glucoside of N-2'-hydroxypalmitoyl-sphingadienine.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2004

Somatic embryos were induced from immature cotyledons and cultured on a MS medium containing 40mg/L 2,4-D. The maximum induction of embryos was obtained from immature cotyledons in a size of 3-4mm, and the highest frequency was obtained in the induction medium at pH 7.0. For embryo development, embryogenic tissues were transferred to a MSM6AC and MSM6 media. Developing embryos were placed at 27$^{\circ}C$with dim light (20$\mu$$molm^{-2}$$s^{-1}$) provided by cool fluorescent tubes (3-D wavelength light is better than standard light). Somatic embryos were clearly developed from globular stage to cotyledonary stages. The color of embryo may be a useful parameter for estimation of embryo quality. When the embryo becomes mature, embryo will be ready for desiccation in order to induce roots and shoots of embryos.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 1995

Soybean nuclear extracts were prepared to detect SEF3(soybean embryo factor 3), which is presumed to be a trans-acting factor for the expression of the soybean ${\beta}-conglycinin\;{\alpha}'$ subunit gene. To increase the specific activity of DNA probe during labeling with $[{\alpha}-^{32}P]$dATP, dATP was added to a final concentration of 1.1 mM during the chase reaction. It results in approximately four-fold increase of specific activity of the DNA probe. Effects of several modifications in preparation of soybean nuclear extracts were examined. It was found that glycerol is effective to stabilize SEF3 during the preparation of nuclear extracts and polyethylenimine could be used to increase the specific activity of SEF3 in nuclear extracts.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2008

Since somatic embryogenesis combined with ethylmethane sulfonate(EMS) treatments is the most efficient technique for mutagenesis, the embryogenic capacity of four soybean cultivars was evaluated at different EMS concentrations, treatment times, and preculture durations. Two to 4 mm long immature cotyledons were placed in induction medium after EMS treatment, and the numbers of somatic embryos formed per explant were counted four weeks after culture initiation. We observed genotypic differences in the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis from immature embryos among four cultivars treated with different concentrations of EMS for six hours. Cultivars, Sinpaldalkong 2 and Jack, displayed highly efficient somatic embryogenesis regardless of EMS concentration, whereas very low efficiency or no survival was observed in Jinju 1 and Iksannamulkong cultivars. Preculture duration did not influence the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis. Because Sinpaldalkong 2 exhibited the best somatic embryogenesis, much higher concentrations of EMS were used to test somatic embryo formation under different periods of time in this cultivar. Three and six hour treatments with both 1 and 2 mM EMS yielded higher embryo formation than longer periods of time. Increasing the time with embryos in 2 mM EMS caused a reduction in somatic embryogenesis in Sinpaldalkong 2, but many chlorophyll-deficient soybean variants were identified in the $M_1R_0$ and $M_2R_1$ generations. In addition to Jack, Sinpaldalkong 2 is a good genotype for plant regeneration from EMS-treated immature embryo cultures.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.437-441
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• 1993

The improvement of superior black soybeans could be accomplished through maintenance and use of black soybean collections. A collection of 965 black soybean lines currently grown by farmers was made in 197 locations on spring, 1991. This study was carried out to evaluate them as useful germplasm. Seed characteristics of black soybean collections were evaluated for black soybean breeding for seed quality. The 100-seeds weight of 929 black soybean genotypes were distributed from 6.9 to 48.1 gram. The maximum and minimum 100-seeds weight were derived from Chungnam and Jeonbuk province, respectively. l00-seeds weight was heavier in middle and late maturity group, as maturity was later, whereas no tendency was shown in early maturity group. Length, width and thickness of the collected black soybean seeds were 9.5$\pm$1.5mm, 7.3$\pm1.3mm and 7.3$\pm1.2mm, respectively. Black soybean collections with yellow seed embryo was 72% and the others were green seed embryo.