• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.39-52
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the difference in facilities of natural recreation forests developed by public and private body to answer the research that what is the difference in development of natural recreation forest between public and private developer\ulcorner After reviewing the literatures, developer's decision-making and motivation of investment, and the planning process of natural recreation forest, we had constructed th conceptual framework and have found the hypothesis of this research. Using data on development status of natural recreation forests and questionnaire surveying of 625 visitors from 9 among 72 natural recreation forests in Korea, We analyzed the data through the comparison of quantity of facilities per 1000 visitors and logistic regression method for quality of facilities. We have found that 1) the six facilities have been turned out to be statistically significant in determining the difference of public and private recreation forests. i.e., infrastructure including roads, maintenance and information and lodging and evacuation, indoor education, outdoor education, and shopping, 2) public recreation forests are well equipped such basic facility as roads, maintenance and information, lodging and evacuation while private recreation forests are well equipped such facility as indoor education, outdoor education, and shopping, and 3) the importance of such facility as roads, maintenance and information, lodging and evacuation, outdoor education, and shopping have been turned out to have 1.99, 2.26, 1.99, 3.01 and 2.24 times more important than that of indoor education, respectively. We can conclude that public recreation forest seems to be equipped with the facilities for sound recreational opportunities for general public, and private recreation forest turned out to have more facilities for pursuit of profits, installed basic facilities for user convenience and service, and special facilities for attracting user and raising revenue. Using the results of this research, we can make a guideline for a market positioning, and standards and provisions of natural recreation forests. We suggest that the relationship between user-satisfaction and recreation facility is needed to be examined in the future research.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.11C
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• pp.1491-1497
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• 2004

The psychoacoustic model in MPEG audio layer-III (MP3) encoder is optimized for the fixed-point processing. The optimization process consists of determining the data word length of arithmetic unit and the algorithm for transcendental functions that are often used in the psychoacoustic model. In order to determine the data word length, we defined a statistical model expressing the relation between the fixed-point operation errors of the psychoacoustic model and the probability of alteration of the allocated bits doe to these errors. Based on the simulations using this model, we chose a 24-bit data path and constructed a 24-bit fixed-point MP3 encoder. Sound quality tests using the constructed fixed-point encoder showed a mean degradation of -0.2 on ITU-R 5-point audio impairment scale.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.11C
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• pp.1573-1580
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• 2004

In this paper, an adaptation mode controller for adaptive microphone array system is proposed for high-quality speech acquisition in real environments. To ensure proper adaptation of the adaptive array algorithm, the proposed adaptation mode controller uses not only temporal information, but also spatial information. The proposed adaptation mode controller is constructed with two processing stages: an initialization stage and a running stage. In the initialization stage, a sound source localization technique is adopted, and a signal correlation characteristic is used in the running stage. For the adaptive may algorithm, a generalized sidelobe canceller with an adaptive blocking matrix is used. The proposed adaptation mode controller can be used even when the adaptive blocking matrix is not adapted, and is much stable than the power ratio method. The proposed algorithm is evaluated in real environment, and simulation results show 13dB SINR improvement with the speaker sitting 2m distance from the may.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.119-130
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• 2002

Objective: The purpose of this research was to use data for furnish quality physical therapy service. The research subjects were admitted shoulder pain patients treated with physical therapy that was to grasp physical therapy method as distinguishing application time. Subject: Total number of distributed questionnaire was 563 persons that was to utilized physical therapy room of 56th medical institution and distributed it to each physical therapist in charge. Method: The research used questionnaire in order to research itemized treatment application time that is according to physical therapy method to applicated with shoulder pain patient. The research contents is to received shoulder pain diagnosis period, total duration of utilizing physical therapy room, the number of times per week to used physical therapy room, etc. And we had physical therapist recording the time of application physical therapy method come under the items. Result: The average treatment time was 59.2 minutes at all patients. During this time, 39.7 min was modality treatment. Active movement treatment was only 7.1 min. Total treatment time was longest in general hospital at 64.9 min, it was shortest in clinical hospital at 53.3 min. Treatment time was difference as hospital scale(p<0.001). Active movement treatment time was longest in general hospital at 11.5 min. The average treatment time was 4.5 min in clinical hospital. Therefore, it was related to hospital scale(p<0.05). The average of manual therapy time by physical therapist was 7.5 min. General hospital was linger at 8.6 min than clinical hospital at 6.7 min(p<0.05). Patient of 90.2 % were treated to hot pack, ultra-sound treatment was next as 50.1%. Active strengthening exercise was most carrying out of the active treatment as 25.4 %. Active sensorimotor exercise was practiced only 28 persons of 5.0 %. Most joint mobilization (38.4 %) was used of the passive manual therapy items, next to soft tissue mobilization (33.0 %), and next to manual distraction therapy(14.0 %).

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

This study aims to analyze the objectives of environmental education in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the Education for Sustainable Development(ESD) factors used EIA in 'ecology and environment' textbook, and finally to analyze the situation and contents level of EIA domain in textbook to explore the possibility of the positive availability of EIA domain in high school for realization of effective ESD. To analyze the objectives of environmental education in EIA and ESD factors used EIA, researchers used the text, the activity and the teaching tip in three kinds of 'ecology and environment' textbook by the 7th curricula as the object of analysis. Framework to analyze the objectives of environmental education in EIA is the category of environmental education objectives of UNESCO presented according to 'Tbilisi Intergovernmental Conference on Environmental Education' and framework to analyze ESD factors used EIA is developed on the basis of the theory about EIA and ESD factors updated in this study. In conclusion, it proves that the EIA domain through the activity is effective for realization of ESD. According to the analysis of the study, it is proposed that the follow-up studies on the improvement of EIA domain in textbook in both quality and quantity as well as 'the teaching & learning methods and various development of teaching materials, etc: based on the emphasis on the activity are needed to progress steadily for realization of effective ESD in high school in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.288-312
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• 1998

In Korea, chemical fertilizers and agricultural chemicals have had a significant impact on food production and these are today thought to be an indispensable part of modern agriculture. On the other hand, socioeconomical and IMF and WTO status in Korea are constant reminders of the vulnerability of our fossil fuel dependent agriculture. A new crop production system to improve economic, environmental and production efficiency must be exploited. Our particular concern has been given to an integrated cropping system involving recycling of crop residues, soil and N management, biological N fixation and multipurpose legumes. As a new integrated crop production system, a no-till direct-sown rice-vetch relaying cropping system has been proposed in this paper. The formulation of this system is based on the conception that N fertilizers being neither limitlessly available nor affordable, the current high-input crop production systems have produced troubled results severe labour shortage ill rural areas, balance of payment, environmental degradation and reduction of human health far exceed economic concerns. A natural and logical consequence is that long-term sustainability of agricultural systems must rely on the use and effective management of internal resources. Based on the information obtained throughout a series of experiments last years we have proved that the no-till direct-sown rice-vetch relaying cropping system dictates biological alternative which can augment, and in some cases replace, N fertilizers. Comprehensive discussions were made for the proposed system and it concluded that the system can offer an economically attractive and ecologically sound means of reducing external nitrogen input and improving the quality and quantity of internal resources, and consequently improving the farmers as well as the national returns.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.157-166
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• 2004

Samguk Yusa is a important historic record about the dynasties of ancient Korea. It consists of information about the hidden, mythical history, old languages and poems. This historical book has been translated many times since the Liberation of Korea in 1945. However, these books are the result of academic research so we are restricted in our usage of them to understand Korean history. There are many historical documentaries and TV series on Samguk Yusa. However, these programs can be viewed only and not be utilized in any way by the audience. Since the computer was introduced to the public, multimedia technology has been a good source to combine text, image, moving picture, sound, animation and graphic. Producing the CD-ROM about historical books not only produce digital images but also a valuable high quality digital information. Digitalization process also keeps the original content of the historical books as well as provide value as a research material as historical, artistic and archaeological item. Furthermore, its information would be provided through a network, like internet, to share and to promote more advanced studies. The purpose of this study is to produce the basic method of multimedia design of Samguk Yusa. This study also researches the problems of multimedia process for more effective usage.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 1993

The purpose of this research was to develop ideal substrates for the production of good quality tomatoes in bag culture system and also to improve media with low or no environmental pollution by blending and mixing artificial substrate including peatmoss, perlite, vermiculite, granular rockwool, polyphenol resin foam, bark, and smoked rice hull. The highly efficient media proved by experiments were vermiculite, smoked rice hull, polyphenol resin foam, granular rockwool, and perlite, which showed good results in the early growth as well as the marketable yield of tomato in the bag culture. Tomato plants grown in the media mixed with peatmoss, vermiculite and granular rockwool at the ratio of 3 : 1 : 1(by volume) showed the highest marketable yield, and the next at the ratio of 2 : 1 : 1. The perlite-granular rockwool mixtures at the ratio of 2 : 3 and 1 : 4, and the peatmoss vermiculite mixtures at the ratio of 2 : 3 and 3 : 2, seemed to be promising media for bag culture.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2015

Smart electronics are now widely used in everyday life, but the size of the screen of such devices is still too small to fully enjoy multimedia content. Therefore, if the display is comprised of multiple views produced by multiple smart devices, then the screen output size can increase. However, a time delay between the devices can generate a discordance in the video and sound. This paper compares two synchronization techniques that can be used to minimize such a time delay, and proposes a synchronization technique in which, the timing of the screen for each device is calculated by synchronizing the playback time, using the timing information transferred from the control device, and periodically adjusting the playback timing forward or backward. When multimedia content is reproduced using multiple views from multiple smart devices, we can minimize the time delay, regardless of the network quality or the differences in the devices used for this technique.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.170-190
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• 1994

The importantce of a development of competitiveness in domestic construction industry is growing as some of domestic construction markets is scheduled to open to foreign competing firms with higher level of construction technology and management. A national level of competitiveness in domestic construction industry and firms are partially, but significantly, affected by a technology level and a characteristics of production pattern. The purpose of the study is mainly to analyze and identify a technology level, production pattern and a development stage of R&D activities of domestic construction industry and firms. Based on these findings the study draws on a concluding remarks and derives technology policy implications. Results of analysis in the study impliy that (1) competitiveness of domestic construction firms(industry) in terms of technology level is relatively weak as compare to that of advanced foreign competing firms, (2) degrees of substitution of capital for labor are seemed to be relatively high, (3) R&D (investment) activities of domestic construction firms are generally spread out in forms of import, adjustment and betterment, and (4) only a small number of big domestic construction firms are seemed to afford to R&D investment for research facilities and equipments, but not enough for higher level of R&D man-power. The study suggests that technology policy for construction industry should be based on a fundamental policy directions. For example the increase in size and heightened quality level of R&D man-power should be placed in a top priority in policy agenda. Sound and specific policy items should be developed for planning and design, and maintenace and inspection technology in order to lead domestic industry to compete with foreign firms with full strength.