• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.25 no.9
• /
• pp.203-212
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception of non-face-to-face online undergraduate lectures experienced by foreign learners, to identify problems of online lectures, and to suggest improvements. For this study, the perception of online lectures was investigated and analyzed by foreign undergraduate students who took online lectures at A and B universities. Through this, I explored the design direction, complementary measures, and direction of online lectures to be held at Korean universities in the future. As a result of this study, non-real-time lectures through E campus were recognized as advantages in that they could learn repeatedly and listen to lectures at home., Real-time lectures using Zoom were recognized as an advantage of being able to communicate between professors and learners. Both types of online lectures had many tasks and had difficulty in focusing on the lecture until the end. In the future, it was found that the amount of lecture contents and the amount of tasks should be reduced and the condition and sound quality of the lecture image should be improved. As for the evaluation method, they preferred online evaluation rather than offline evaluation, and they preferred relative evaluation rather than absolute evaluation. The results of this study were able to closely understand how learners perceive online lectures. Also, when conducting online lectures, I was able to know the points that need to be improved in the future. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the design direction of online lectures and the development of online contents at each university.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.120-127
• /
• 2017

The South Korean rail authority is constructing a nationwide tourism belt by developing new rail tour routes in an effort to combine local tourism resources with rail service and to create value in regional areas. As massive financial resources are required to develop and operate such tourist trains, governing authorities are required to examine the feasibility of this project as a sound business model and to assess the public benefit and profitability of the project. In this study, the economic feasibility of the tourist trains was assessed with the contingent valuation method (CVM). According to an estimation of the willingness to pay of potential tour train passengers, the surveyed subjects were willing to pay fares that were higher than prices currently published at the time of this study, thereby demonstrating that the economic value they invest on tourist trains may be higher than published prices at the time. For instance, they were willing to pay 28.4% and 54.9% more for the O-train and V-train types, respectively, according to the study, suggesting that the quality as perceived by train passengers for tourist train services is relatively high. The study is significant in that it succeeded in quantifying the satisfaction level of tourist train passengers using quantitative data (additional funds people are willing to pay).

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.50-59
• /
• 2015

While the international construction industry for Korean companies have grown in market size exponentially in the recent years, the profit rate of small and medium sized construction companies (SMCCs) are incomparably lower than those of large construction companies. Furthermore, small and medium size companies, especially subcontractor, lacks the judgement of project involvement appropriateness, which leads to an unpredictable profit rate. Therefore, this research aims to create a profit rate prediction model for the international construction project focusing on SMCCs. First, the factors that influence the profit rate and the area of profit zone are defined by using a total of 8,637 projects since the year 1965. Seconds, an extensive literature review is conducted to derive 10 influencing factors. Multiple regression analysis and corresponding judgement technique are used to derive the weight of each factor. Third, cased based reasoning (CBR) methodology is applied to develop the model for profit rate analysis in the project participation review stage. Using 120 validation data set, the developed model showed 11% (14 data sets) of error rate for type 1 and type 2 error. In utilizing the result, project decision makers are able to make decision based on authentic results instead of intuitive based decisions. The model additionally give guidance to the Korean subcontractors when advancing into the international construction based on the model result that shows the profit distribution and checks in advance for the quality of the project to secure a sound profit in each project.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.319-328
• /
• 2016

Objectives: Advancements in nanotechnology have led to nanoparticle (NP) use in various fields of medicine. Although the potential of NPs is promising, the lack of documented evidence on the toxicological effects of NPs is concerning. A few studies have documented that homeopathy uses NPs. Unfortunately, very few sound scientific studies have explored the toxic effects of homeopathic drugs. Citing this lack of high-quality scientific evidence, regulatory agencies have been reluctant to endorse homeopathic treatment as an alternative or adjunct treatment. This study aimed to enhance our insight into the impact of commercially-available homeopathic drugs, to study the presence of NPs in those drugs and any deleterious effects they might have, and to determine the distribution pattern of NPs in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). Methods: Homeopathic dilutions were studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction (SAED). For the toxicity assessment on Zebrafish, embryos were exposed to a test solution from 4 - 6 hours post-fertilization, and embryos/larvae were assessed up to 5 days post-fertilization (dpf ) for viability and morphology. Toxicity was recorded in terms of mortality, hatching delay, phenotypic defects and metal accumulation. Around 5 dpf was found to be the optimum developmental stage for evaluation. Results: The present study aimed to conclusively prove the presence of NPs in all high dilutions of homeopathic drugs. Embryonic zebrafish were exposed to three homeopathic drugs with two potencies (30CH, 200CH) during early embryogenesis. The resulting morphological and cellular responses were observed. Exposure to these potencies produced no visibly significant malformations, pericardial edema, and mortality and no necrotic and apoptotic cellular death. Conclusion: Our findings clearly demonstrate that no toxic effects were observed for these three homeopathic drugs at the potencies and exposure times used in this study. The embryonic zebrafish model is recommended as a well-established method for rapidly assessing the toxicity of homeopathic drugs.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.312-318
• /
• 1999

These experiments were conducted to determine the effects of soils treated with different soil management, methods, fertilizers and crops on soil microflora and its number for constructing the environmentally sound agriculture modeling of the upland soils. These experiments show that physico-chemical soil characteristics was different in upland soils treated with different soil managements and fertilizers applied. Also soil microflora and its number were effected from crops cultivated with different soil managements in these experiments. The number of Erwinia sp. in chinese cabbage cultivated field on Daekwanryung especially was apparently increased in soil cultivated with potato relative to corn. It was appeared that the number of Fusarium sp. in soil was more effected from kind of fertilizer applied than crops cultivated.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.209-222
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to discuss the papers of social welfare field that were published in Korea, from a research methodology aspect in accordance with the meta-analysis reporting standard proposed by the United States Psychological Association. To this end, an analysis was conducted according to 5 types of conformity (title and abstract, introduction, methods, results and discussion) on the target subjects of 26 meta-analysis papers of social welfare field. The analysis results showed, first, the conformity in the title and abstract showed good results except for the suggested topics for meta-analysis methods. Second, in terms of the conformity of the introduction, the descriptions seemed to be good in a number of items. Third, for the conformity in the methods, the overall reporting standard was seen to be lacking and, in particular, the reporting standard for the coding procedure was seen as being very deficient. Fourth, the conformity in the results showed that the assessment of research quality and the magnitude of efficacy for each individual study, sample size, and the contents of the provided tables, summary of tables and graphs, including the study results, were not being properly reported. Fifth, the conformity in discussions was seen to be generally sound. Based on such results, by providing a reporting standard and perspective needed for ensuring feasibility that can be used to assess meta-analysis study materials, this study was aimed at presenting implications for the academic advancement of field of social welfare.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.545-554
• /
• 2011

In this study, the parameters of Polysomnography (PSG) test, such as total sleep time, snoring time, had been analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of a developed anti-snore pillow. The developed anti-snore pillow is made up of two polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) vibration sensors, pumps, valves, and air bladders. The two PVDF sensors inside the pillow can acquire the sound signals and the algorithm was perfectly designed to extract snoring by removing unwanted noise accurately and automatically. Once the pillow recognizes snore, a pump inside the hardware activates, and a bladder under the neck area inside the pillow will be inflated. The PSG test was used and two volunteers were participated for the study. The parameters of the PSG results were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the anti-snore pillow. The total sleep time of each volunteer was similar on each phase of test, but the snoring time and the longest snoring episode were significantly decreased with the use of anti-snore pillow. The overall results showed excellent possibilities for reducing snoring for the person who snores during sleep by using the anti-snore pillow. The effectiveness of the anti-snore pillow can be evaluated by the PSG test. Moreover, the relationship between each parameter of PSG test and the quality of sleep will be used for further researches.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.3065-3073
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of well-being behavior of women living in Daegu and analyze their well-being levels according to their socio-demographic variables, thereby determining the effects of each variable on well-being behavior. A survey of 320 women was conducted and T-test, ANOVA was conducted for the well-being levels and well-being behavior based on socio-demographic variables. Multiple regression analysis was analyze the factors affecting well-being behavior. The major findings of this study were as follows. A higher level of education led to a higher level of well-being. Moreover, educational or counseling workers, those with higher monthly incomes, those with higher expenses spent on self-management, those who considered their physical condition good, and those who drank once or twice a week showed higher levels of well-being. According to the analysis of the variables influencing well-being behavior, those with an older age, a higher level of education, and higher expenses for self-management and non-smokers revealed higher degrees of involvement in well-being behavior. We need to maintain women's identity by establishing values of and beliefs in well-being and inspiring them with healthy consciousness of well-being so that we can encourage them to participate in sound well-being behavior.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.109-126
• /
• 2018

This paper presents seasonal variation of $PM_{10}$ over five urban sites in Sabah, Malaysia for the period of January through December 2012. The variability of $PM_{10}$ along with the diurnal and weekly cycles of CO, $NO_2$, $SO_2$, and $O_3$ at Kota Kinabalu site were also discussed to investigate the possible sources for increased $PM_{10}$ concentration at the site. This work is crucial to understand the behaviour and possible sources of $PM_{10}$ in the urban atmosphere of Sabah region. In Malaysia, many air pollution studies in the past focused in west Peninsular, but very few local studies were dedicated for Sabah region. This work aims to fill the gap by presenting the descriptive statistics on the variability of $PM_{10}$ concentration in the urban atmosphere of Sabah. To further examine its diurnal and weekly cycle pattern, its responses towards the variations of CO, $NO_2$, $SO_2$, and ozone were also investigated. The highest mean value of $PM_{10}$ for the whole study period is seen from Tawau ($35.7{\pm}17.8{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$), while the lowest is from Keningau ($31.9{\pm}18.6{\mu}g\;m^{-3}$). The concentrations of $PM_{10}$ in all cities exhibited seasonal variations with the peak values occurred during the south-west monsoons. The $PM_{10}$ data consistently exhibited strong correlations with traffic related gaseous pollutants ($NO_2$, and CO), except for $SO_2$ and $O_3$. The analysis of diurnal cycles of $PM_{10}$ levels indicated that two peaks were associated during the morning and evening rush hours. The bimodal distribution of $PM_{10}$, CO, and $NO_2$ in the front and at the back of ozone peak is a representation of urban air pollution pattern. In the weekly cycle, higher $PM_{10}$, CO, and $NO_2$ concentrations were observed during the weekday when compared to weekend. The characteristics of $NO_2$ concentration rationed to CO and $SO_2$ suggests that mobile sources is the dominant factor for the air pollution in Kota Kinabalu; particularly during weekdays.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.827-837
• /
• 2012

As broadcasting environments change rapidly to digital, user requirements for next-generation broadcasting service which surpass current HDTV service become bigger and bigger. The next-generation broadcasting service progress from 2D to 3D, from HD to UHD and from 5.1ch audio to more than 10ch audio for high quality realistic broadcasting service. In this paper, we propose 10.2ch based multichannel audio reproduction system for UHDTV. The 10.2ch-based audio reproduction system add two side loudspeakers to enhance the surround sound localization effect and add two height and one ceiling loudspeakers to enhance the elevation localization effect. To evaluate the proposed system, we used APM(Auditory Process Model) for objective localization test and conducted subjective localization test. As a result of objective/subjective localization test, the proposed system shows the statistically same performance compare with 22.2ch audio system and shows the significantly better performance compared with 5.1ch audio system.