• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.371-382
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate children's emotional problems (attention problem, aggression, somatic symptom, social withdrawal, depression) and to examine the relationship between children's emotional problems with family characteristics (parent education, parent job, family income), life-styles (gaming times, TV times, sleep time). The sample was 2,140 collections of second grade children and their parents who participated in Korea Youth Panel Survey on 2011. We analyzed the data which were collected by means of questionnaires and the data were analyzed with t -test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and regression analysis with SPSS ver. 19.0. The results were summarized as follows. The level of children's emotional problem was relatively low on average. There is a significant difference in the children's emotional problems according to family characteristics and life-styles. There was a relationship between children's emotional problems (attention problem, aggression, somatic symptom, social withdrawal, depression) and life-styles (gaming times, TV times). The significant factors influencing the children's emotional problems are connected with father's education, mother's job, family income, family characteristics, gaming time and TV time of life style. It is noted that parent education level was an important factor for children's attention problem and aggression. Amongst children's life-styles, gaming time and TV time are negative factors for social withdrawal and depression.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.346-355
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• 2014

The study was undertaken to identify college freshmen' depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms and clarify college life characteristics influencing it. The study was a descriptive study with 300 freshmen from H university. Data were collected from April 22 to 26, 2013 using a structured self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. As a result, first, the mean scores of the subjects were 2.33 in depression, 1.94 in anxiety, and 1.63 in somatic symptoms. Their depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms were higher as their sex and perceived self-efficacy. Second, college life characteristics explained 46.1% of variance in depression and 26.3% of variance in anxiety. college life characteristics, depression and anxiety explained 35.8% of variance in somatic symptoms among freshmen. These results will be used for developing programs to increase mental and physical health and to adapt in college life for freshmen.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.87-100
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• 2011

Objectives : Neurosis, psychosomatic disease from which most of out-patients suffer originated marital problem in clinical setting, In Oriental medicine, concept and clinical cases of the couple therapy is insufficient. So we suggest the theoretical background and evidence of oriental medical approach. Methods : We searched the theoretical perspectives of recent couple therapy and suggested the psychotherapy with couples in oriental medicine and its clinical utilization. Results : 1. Advantages of the couple therapy in oriental medicine were easy to relationship and emotional communication. because oriental medicine were available to approach of symptom pattern about somatic symptom due to marital problem. 2. Oriental medical therapy, for example, acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, herbal medicine, etc. connects doctors and the patients easily, unlike dialogue-centered western psychotherapy. 3. The Ii-Gyeung-Byun-Qi Therapy(移精變氣療法) resolve the marital suppressed feeling easily, Gi-Un-Go-Roen Therapy (至言高論療法) is useful in four principle-marital role, communication, sex life, theory of Hwa-Byung. 4. The principle of 'sorrow restraints anger(悲勝怒)' and 'pleasure restraints sorrow(喜勝悲)' in Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung Therapy(五志相勝療法) accords with forgiveness and recovery that is ultimate goal of the couple therapy. Conclusions : Except existing therapy for recovery of marital relation, We suggest the somatic symptom centered approach based on mind and body unification in oriental medicine. This principle would bring the benefit from the marital to familial relation. From now on, we should correct the theory, need the theorical systematization. Then we should develop the program for recovery of marital relation and examine the hypothesis.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.362-369
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• 2019

Background: Chronic nonspecific symptoms attributed to indoor nonindustrial work environments are common and may cause disability, but the medical nature of this disability is unclear. The aim was to medically characterize the disability manifested by chronic, recurrent symptoms and restrictions to work participation attributed to low-level indoor pollutants at workplace and whether the condition shares features with idiopathic environmental intolerance. Methods: We investigated 12 patients with indoor aire-related work disability. The examinations included somatic, psychological, and psychiatric evaluations as well as investigations of the autonomic nervous system, cortisol measurements, lung function, and allergy tests. We evaluated well-being, health, disability, insomnia, pain, anxiety, depression, and burnout via questionnaires. Results: The mean symptom history was 10.5 years; for disabling symptoms, 2.7 years. Eleven patients reported reactions triggered mainly by indoor molds, one by fragrances only. Ten reported sensitivity to odorous chemicals, and three, electric devices. Nearly all had co-occurrent somatic and psychiatric diagnoses and signs of pain, insomnia, burnout, and/or elevated sympathetic responses. Avoiding certain environments had led to restrictions in several life areas. On self-assessment scales, disability showed higher severity and anxiety showed lower severity than in physician assessments. Conclusion: No medical cause was found to explain the disability. Findings support that the condition is a form of idiopathic environmental intolerance and belongs to functional somatic syndromes. Instead of endless avoidance, rehabilitation approaches of functional somatic syndromes are applicable.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2001

The somatoform disorder are distinguished by physical symptoms suggesting a medical condition, yet the symptoms are not fully explained by the medical condition, by substance use, or by another mental disorder. This is that an unconscious intrapsychic conflict, wish, or need is converted to a somatic symptom and clinically express various symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting dyspepsia, diarrhea and constipation, etc. We report a case of somatoform disorder patient, who was 9 years old female and complained of nausea, vomiting and dysdipsia. She had her case diagnosed as somatoform disorder in Yong-dong severance hospital and took anti-depressant (chlomipramine) with counseling for 2 months. After treatment, her emotional instability and depression were improved, yet the somatic symptoms remain same. We diagnosed her case as vomiting induced by deficiency of the stomach(胃虛嘔吐) and administered Bihe-yin(比和飮) to her. After administration of Bihe-yin(比和飮) for one month, her somatic symptoms of nausea, vomiting and dysdipsia were almost disappeared and she got acquired her confidence in school life.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.262-268
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• 1996

It is important not only understanding the underlying psychodynamic mechanism of the somatization but also understanding the somatization as a process where biological and sociocultural factors are acting as maintaining and exaggerating the primary vague somatic symptoms. Recently, among mechanisms of the somatization biological and cognitive aspect became more important than psychodynamics. When the doctors see patients complain physical discomforts without organic foundation, they should give attention to the mechanism of symptom amplification, misinterpretation, individual cognitive characteristics and learned behavior. Psychiatric disorders which show somatic symptoms should be also evaluated. Autonomic dysfunctions linked with stress would give some clues of the mystery of the mind-body relationship.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2009

Objectives : Thyroid function is associated with psychiatric disturbance such as mood symptoms, cognitive functions, anxiety and sleep problem. We evaluate the effects of thyroid dysfunction on negative symptoms of schizophrenia, mood symptoms and somatic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Methods : Sixty five patients with schizophrenia were recruited. The patients were classified into two groups; the patients with the history of abnormal thyroid indices level(group of abnormal thyroid function) and the patients without the history of normal thyroid indices level(group of normal thyroid function). At baseline and 8 weeks later, psychiatric symptoms were assessed with the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms(SAPS), and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Somatosensory Amplication Scale(SSAS). Results : During 8 weeks, there were significant differences in the changes of SANS, BDI, SSAS between group of abnormal thyroid function and group of normal thyroid function. Compared to group of normal thyroid function, group of abnormal thyroid function showed greater reduction of the scores of SANS(23.3%), BDI (19.6%), and SSAS(16.2%), respectively. However, there was no significant correlation between the scores of SANS, BDI, and SSAS. Conclusion : Our study suggested that abnormal thyroid indices would predict the prognosis of negative symptoms, mood symptoms, and somatic symtpoms in patients with schizophrenia.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-inattention [Swanson, Nolan and Pelham, version IV (SNAP-IV)] and anger [Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anger] for parents and guardians of children aged 6-17 years. Methods: We included 104 children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD with anxiety and depression, depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and tic disorder with somatic symptoms (ADHD=41, depression=9, anxiety=14, ADHD+anxious depression=11, tic+somatic symptoms=29). Their ages ranged from 8 years to 15 years. The participants' mothers completed the SNAP-IV, PROMIS Anger scale, Korean version of the IOWA Conners Rating Scale (K-IOWA), and Korean ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS) so that the reliability and validity of the SNAP-IV and PROMIS Anger scales, which are DSM-5 scales for assessing inattention and anger of children and adolescents, could be examined. Results: The reliability coefficient of SNAP-IV (Cronbach's α) was 0.94. The correlation coefficients between SNAP-IV, K-IOWA inattention, and K-ARS inattention scores ranged from 0.73 to 0.86. The mean SNAP-IV scores of the ADHD and the ADHD+anxious depression groups were significantly higher than those of the anxiety and the tic+somatic symptoms groups. The reliability coefficient of the PROMIS Anger was 0.91. The correlation coefficient between PROMIS Anger and K-IOWA oppositional/defiant scores was 0.75. The PROMIS Anger mean score of the ADHD+anxious depression group tended to be higher than that of the other groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that the Korean version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-inattention and anger for parent and guardian of child age 6-17 might be a reliable and valid test and may be useful for screening children and adolescents with ADHD.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the psychosocial characteristics of functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) in patients with psychiatric disorders. Methods : This study was conducted with 144 outpatients visiting the psychiatric clinic at a university hospital. FGIDs were screened according to the Rome III questionnaire-Korean version. Demographic factors were investigated, and psychosocial factors were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Korean, and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Chisquared test and student's t-test were used as statistical analysis methods. Results : There were differences in education level between two groups divided according to FGID status (${\chi}^2=10.139$, p=0.017). Comparing the psychiatric disorder by FGID group, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) group showed significant differences (${\chi}^2=11.408$, p=0.022). According to FGID status, IBS group showed significant differences for anxiety (t=-3.106, p=0.002), depressive symptom (t=-2.105, p=0.037), somatic symptom (t=-3.565, p<0.001), trait anger (t=-3.683, p<0.001), anger-in (t=-2.463, p=0.015), and anger-out (t=-2.355, p=0.020). Functional dyspepsia group showed significant differences for anxiety (t=-4.893, p<0.001), depressive symptom (t=-3.459, p<0.001), somatic symptom (t=-7.906, p<0.001), trait-anger (t=-4.148, p<0.001), state-anger (t=-2.181, p=0.031), anger-in (t=-2.684, p=0.008), and anger-out (t=-3.005, p=0.003). Nonerosive reflux disease group showed significant differences for anxiety (t=-4.286, p<0.001), depressive symptom (t=-3.402, p<0.001), somatic symptom (t=-7.162, p<0.001), trait anger (t=-2.994, p=0.003), state anger (t=-2.259, p=0.025), anger-in (t=-2.772, p=0.006), and anger-out (t=-2.958, p=0.004). Conclusions : Patients with psychiatric disorders had a high prevalence of FGID, and various psychosocial factors contributed to such differences. Therefore, the psychiatric approach can offer better understandings and treatments to patients with FGID.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.68-76
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• 2012

Purpose: The headache is a symptom that various somatic or non-somatic disorders gives an effect to head and neck system. The neck and the shoulder pain is a common muscle pain that can not control and bothers the patient after chronic state. The headache and the neck and the shoulder muscle pain are treated with various conventional treatment methods. But, there are cases that symptoms did not resolve or increased in some clinical cases. And generally, the result of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) treatment is good. But, despite of a normal treatment was performed for TMD, there are cases that TMD symptoms did not resolved in clinical cases. In template clinic of Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, co-operative neurophysiologic treatment of Department of Neurosurgery and Dentistry are done for patients, who had head and neck pain or atypical symptoms that did not treated with various conventional treatment method such as surgery or medication etc. Materials and Methods: Four hundred fifty one patients who have treated in the template clinic, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, from January of 2006 to December of 2008 were subjected in this study. Result: Overall average age was 31.9 years old. Ratio of numbers is 74.3% in female and 25.7% in male. The success rate of treatment in TMD symptom was 89.9%, in headache was 88.8%, in muscle pain was 81.6%. Statistically significance of differences visual analogue scale evaluation between before and after had been treated patients who have over average grade headache was calculated by paired t-test. P<0.05 was considered significant. Conclusion: We suggest the template appliance can be attempted for cases whose headache, the neck and the shoulder muscle pain and TMD are not resolved with various conventional treatment methods.