• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.238-243
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• 2005

Succinic acid has recently been drawing much interest as a raw material for biodegradable polymer. In this study acetic acid was removed by reactive extraction with various amines dissolved in various diluents. Distribution coefficients were determined as the kind of amines, diluents, and pHs of continuous phase. The extraction capacity increased with the polarity of diluent and the decrease of pH from the artificial binary solution. Based on the different extractability for succinic acid and acetic acid from the artificial binary solution, the removal of acetic acid from fermentation broth was investigated using various amines and diluents. In addition, the extractability and selectivity of CLA for succinic acid and acetic acid from fermentation broth were higher than that of straight solvent extraction.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.434-441
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• 2010

The Plants and their extracts containing polyphenol have been shown to be associated with decreased the cause of aging and variety of disease such as reaction oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in several recent studies. We conducted to investigate whether the extracts and fractionation isolated from Aster glehni Fr. Schm. has an inhibitory effect association with oxidation or inflammation. The Aster glehni Fr. Schm. 70% aq. MeOH was fractioned according to polarity with n-hexane layer, EtOAc layer, n-BuOH layer and water layer. The electron donating ability of EtOAc, n-BuOH solvent fraction from Aster glehni Fr. Schm. was about 58.0%, 46.4% at $50\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The superoxide anion radical inhibitory effect of EtOAc extracts was about 64.65% at $50\;{\mu}g/mL$, and n-BuOH extracts was 35.66% at $50\;{\mu}g/mL$. EtOAc layer to the inhibition activity of hyaluronidase and lipoxygenase were inhibited about 24.37%, 29.5% at $5\;{\mu}g/mL$. In the anti-inflammation effect of EtOAc layer inhibited the generation of nitric oxide. also, these results showed that EtOAc extract inhibited 81.5% at $50\;{\mu}g/mL$ on the expressions of iNOS protein in Raw264.7 cell line.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2010

In order to evaluate anti-wrinkle activity of Carex humilis extract, free radical scavenging activity, elastase inhibitory activity and reduction of expression Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) mRNA and MMP-1 protein were investigated. The roots of Carex humilis were extracted with 95 % ethanol and successively partitioned with organic solvents with increasing polarity of the solvents. Each fraction of organic solvent were investigated by using free radical scavenging activity and elastase inhibitory activity test. Among them, EtOAc fraction showed antioxidant activity ($SC_{50}$=4.89 ${\mu}g/mL$) and elastase inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$=23.5 ${\mu}g/mL$). EtOAc fraction was developed on silica gel by open-column chromatography and consecutively re-developed on C18 resin by prep-HPLC to give ${\alpha}$-viniferin as a major component, which was confirmed by spectrometric analysis. In the assay on expression of MMP-1 mRNA by RT-PCR and protein by western-blot, EtOAc layer (10 ~ 100 ${\mu}g/mL$) was reduced about 50 ~ 60 %, 50 ~ 65 % respectively and ${\alpha}$-viniferin (0.5 ~ 2 ${\mu}g/mL$) was inhibited about 60 ~ 75 %, 55 ~ 65 % respectively in human fibroblast. Therefore, our findings suggest that EtOAc layer of Carex humilis containing ${\alpha}$-viniferin can be useful as an active ingredient for cosmeceuticals of anti-wrinkle effects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.261-266
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• 2015

To quantitatively evaluate the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity in the leaves, bulbs, and roots of fresh Allium hookeri, they were extracted using various solvents including water, aqueous methanol (20, 40, 60, and 80%; v/v), and absolute methanol. The leaves had the highest levels of total phenolics (240.4-276.6 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g) and total flavonoids (9.7-34.1 mg catechin equivalents/100 g). The highest antioxidant capacities of 78.7- 103.4 mg vitamin C equivalents (VCE)/100 g, 24.4-59.0 mg VCE/100 g, and 1,798.8-2,169.7 mg VCE/100 g in the leaves were also observed using 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays, respectively. The total phenolics had a higher linear correlation with antioxidant capacity than the total flavonoids. In general, 60% (v/v) aqueous methanol extract had higher levels of total phenolics and flavonoids, and higher antioxidant capacity than any other solvents used. This study suggested that A. hookeri might be a good source of phenolics and antioxidants.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1025-1033
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• 2017

In this study, Ledum palustre L. was extracted by 4 different methods (LPW, hot water extraction; LPA, autoclave extraction; LPU, ultrasonification extraction; LPE, 70% ethanol extraction) and LPE was fractionated by using polarity difference of each solvent and used as 4 samples (LPE/H, the n-hexane layer; LPE/E, the EtOAc layer; LPE/B, the n-BuOH layer; LPE/W, the $H_2O$ layer). Antioxidant activities of Ledum palustre L. extracts were measured by DPPH and ABTS. As a result, the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging showed high activities with LPE (82.3%, 99.8%) and LPE/E (91.8%, 99.6%) at the concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. The anti-inflammatory activities of LPE and LPE/E were measured by the inhibitory activity against NO, $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 production on LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages. As a result of MTT assay, cell viabilities of LPE and LPE/E were more than 90% at $25{\mu}g/mL$. NO and $PGE_2$ productions were inhibited by LPE (NO: 50%, $PGE_2$: 70%) and LPE/E (NO: 57%, $PGE_2$: 73%) at the concentration of $25{\mu}g/mL$. The inhibition activities against TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 production were 24%, 47% and 40% at the concentration of $25{\mu}g/mL$ of LPE. In particular, LPE/E showed 51%, 57% and 62% inhibition activities at the same concentration, respectively. From the above results, it can be concluded that $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ of LPE and LPE/E have the high antioxidant activities similar with Vitamin C, and $25{\mu}g/mL$, the low concetration of LPE and LPE/E have excellent anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, if more research about anti-aging, whitening and antimicrobial activity of Ledum palustre L. extracts is carried out in the future, it will be possible to use them as effective materials for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and in the areas of functional foods and cosmetics.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 1983

The effects of fat-solvents was investigated on the yield. brown color intensity, UV absorbance patterns, reducing and antioxidant activities, and variation of fatty acid composition of the extracts from white and red ginseng. The yield and intensity of brown color of extracts were generally greater as the polarity of the solvent used became stronger. The intensity of the brown color of extract of red ginseng was greater than that of white ginseng. The orders of reducing and antioxidant activities of extracts of red ginseng was similar that of white ginseng, resulting in decreasing order of: ethanol>methanol>ethyl acetate, acetone>ether>chloroform>benzene, hexane. The ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of red ginseng showed stronger UV absorption than the corresponding extracts of white ginseng. The former also possessed stronger reducing and antioxidant activities than the latter. The composition of the major unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, and nervonic acid) in the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts from both white and red ginseng did not change appreciably for 60 days at $45^{\circ}C$. In case of the hexane extracts which had shown the weakest reducing and antioxidant activities among the extracts, linolenic acid disappeared almost under the same condition.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2006

Entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris is famous for its medicinal efficacies. It has been reported to have various pharmacological activities such as anti-tumour, insecticidal, antibacterial, immunomodulatory and antioxidant. In this study, we investigated the effect of the extract of C. militaris (MPUN8501), which was identified by the analysis of the nucleotide sequences of 5.8S ribosomal RNA, on the function of liver. C. militaris powder was extracted using hot water extracts method as time, volume and temperature and using method as differential polarity of organic solvent. Each fraction was tested for the improvement of hepatic enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. The BuOH extracts (CME) had highest activity which was used for the test of toxicity and efficacy of C. militaris. The enhancing effect of CME on the activity of ADH and ALDH was much more than medicine, drink, natural tea etc. Thus CME promoted the resolution of alcohol and acetaldehyde in rats, inducing recovery to normal condition rapidly. Furthermore, oral administration of CME effectively protected the carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatic injury as revealed by the hematological parameters (levels of sGOT and sGPT) and histological observation. CME was ascertained to be safe by regulatory toxicity studies of single dose toxicity and genotoxicity. These results suggest that CME would be useful for the maintaining normal hepatic activity as a functional health food.