• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.8-16
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• 1976

The conductive transparent film is prepared by spraying thin salt solution. In stannic chloride solution as a base solution, various dopants such as Al, Co, Cu and Ni were dissolved respectively as a chloride state and then the films were made by spraying solutions on hot glass plates. The properties of them were compared with those of the stannic salt single component film. The films doped with copper oxide and nickle oxide were improved by decreasing their sheet resistivity and temperature coefficient of resistivity. In comparison with the sheet resistivity and temperature coefficient of resistivity of stannic oxide single component film, being 2.5 K ohm/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and -1650ppm/$^{\circ}C$ respectively, its values of the film containing 15 mol % of copper oxide and formed at 40$0^{\circ}C$ were 2.5K ohm/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and -920ppm/$^{\circ}C$ respectively. The film containing 15 mol % of nickel oxide and formed at 50$0^{\circ}C$ has shown its sheet resistivity and temperature coefficient 0.7 K ohm/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and -940ppm/$^{\circ}C$ respectively.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.328-337
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• 2009

암석 시료의 전기비저항과 공극수의 전기비저항의 관계를 고찰하기 위한 실험에 있어서 일반적으로 코어의 유효공극 내의 공극수를 포화시키고자 하는 전해질 용액이 완전히 치환하였다고 가정한다. 이 연구에서는 용액의 전기전도 도가 8, 160, 3200, 64000 ${\mu}S$/cm인 4종류의 소금물을 동일한 시멘트 시험편에 각각 4회씩 포화과정을 반복하며 함수율의 변화에 따른 전기비저항을 측정하고, 그 변화로부터 포화과정의 반복에 의해 공극수가 치환되는 정도에 대한 고찰하였다. 용액의 전기전도도를 높여가며 각각 4회씩 반복하고 다시 낮춰가면서 4회씩 포화과정을 반복하였다. 반복 횟수가 많아질수록 용액이 공극수를 더 많이 치환할 것이다. 따라서 용액의 전기전도도를 높여가며 측정한 전기비저항과 낮춰가며 측정한 전기비저항의 기하평균을 용액이 공극수를 완전히 치환하였을 때의 전기비저항으로 간주하고 비교의 기준으로 삼았다. 포화과정을 4회 반복함으로써 공극수가 치환하고자 하는 용액으로 치환되어 이전 공극수의 전기전도도와는 상관없이 암석의 전기비저항을 10% 이내의 편차로 측정할 수 있었다. 반면, 전기전도도가 낮은 용액으로부터 높은 용액으로 순차적으로 포화과정을 1회만 수행했을 경우에는 측정되는 암석의 전기비저항에 있어서 최대 40%의 오차를 보였다. 측정된 시료의 전기비저항과 공극수의 전기비저항의 관계는 변형된 병렬저항모델로 대체적으로 설명되어지나, 이를 일반화하기 위해서는 다양한 공극율을 가지는 암석 시료에 대해 다양한 공극수의 전기비저항에 대한 자료의 축적이 필요하다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 센서 박막재료연구회 및 광주 전남지부
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• pp.73-74
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• 2008

In this paper, we have investigated dispersibility, volume resistivity of nano-composite by solution mixing method. Dispersibility measured by FE-SEM(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. And volume resistivity measured by ASTM D991. To expect interaction used dual filler system. But, dual filler system had influence on polymer complex. So, polymer chain mobility doesn't resist.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.112-115
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• 2010

Transparent conducting undoped and Al impurity doped ZnO films were deposited on glass substrate by spin coat technique using 24 days aged ZnO precursor solution with solution of ethanol and diethanolamine. The films were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electrical resistivity ($\rho$), carrier concentration (n), and hall mobility ($\mu$) measurements. XRD data show that the deposited film shows polycrystalline nature with hexagonal wurtzite structure with preferential orientation along (002) crystal plane. The SEM images show that surface morphology, porosity and grain sizes are affected by doping concentration. The Al doped samples show high transmittance and better resistivity. With increasing Al concentration only mild change in optical band gap is observed. Optical properties are not affected by aging of parent solution. A lowest resistivity ($8.5 \times 10^{-2}$ ohm cm) is observed at 2 atomic percent (at.%) Al. With further increase in Al concentration, the resistivity started to increase significantly. The decrease resistivity with increasing Al concentration can be attributed to increase in both carrier concentration and hall mobility.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2008

Dissolution behavior of complex carbonitrides in a Nb-Ti-V microalloyed steel was quantitatively examined by electrical resistivity, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and optical microscopy. The electrical resistivity increased with solution treatment temperature up to $1250^{\circ}C$ for a holding time of 15 min. But, an increasing rate of electrical resistivity with temperature was obviously decreased above $1150^{\circ}C$. As the solution treatment temperature increases, irregular shaped Nb-rich carbonitrides disappear and cuboidal Ti-rich carbonitrides are observed. Abnormal grain growth occurs above $1250^{\circ}C$ for a holding time of 15 min. The optimal solution treatment temperature of a Nb-Ti-V microalloyed steel was determined as $1200^{\circ}C$ for a holding time of 15 min.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 1997

The effects of pH of solution on structural, electrical, and optical properties of CdS thin films prepared by solution growth method were investigated. With increasing pH of the solution, both crystallinity and transmittance of CdS thin film were deteriorated due to impurities and CdS particles, which were produced by homogeneous nucleation and adsorbed on the surface of CdS thin films. The films were strongly adherent to substrates and has low resistivity of 10~$10^2{\omega}cm$ regrardless of deposition conditions. After annealing at 30$0^{\circ}C$ in Ar atmosphere, the resistivity decreased due to desorption of impurity ions as well as the formation of S vacancies, but after annealing above 35$0^{\circ}C$ it increased by an agglomeration of S vacancies. After annealing in air atmosphere, the film resistivity increased because of the formation of oxide particle in grain boundaries.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.301-310
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• 2022

Accurate prediction of mixed ground conditions ahead of a tunnel face is of vital importance for safe excavation using tunnel boring machines (TBMs). Previous studies have primarily focused on electrical resistivity surveys from the ground surface for geotechnical investigation. In this study, an FE (finite element) numerical model was developed to simulate electrical resistivity surveys for the prediction of risky mixed ground conditions in front of a tunnel face. The proposed FE model is validated by comparing with the apparent electrical resistivity values obtained from the analytical solution corresponding to a vertical fault on the ground surface (i.e., a simplified model). A series of parametric studies was performed with the FE model to analyze the effect of geological and sensor geometric conditions on the electrical resistivity survey. The parametric study revealed that the interface slope between two different ground formations affects the electrical resistivity measurements during TBM excavation. In addition, a large difference in electrical resistivity between two different ground formations represented the dramatic effect of the mixed ground conditions on the electrical resistivity values. The parametric studies of the electrode array showed that the proper selection of the electrode spacing and the location of the electrode array on the tunnel face of TBM is very important. Thus, it is concluded that the developed FE numerical model can successfully predict the presence of a mixed ground zone, which enables optimal management of potential risks.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.284-291
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• 2002

전기비저항법을 이용하여 2.25Cr-1Mo 강의 경년열화도를 평가하고자 하였다. 2.25Cr-1Mo 강이 $540^{\circ}C$에서 장시간 노출되었을 때 일어나는 미세조직 변화를 모사하기 위해 인공 열화를 실시하였으며 열화에 따른 미세조직 인자 (고용원소의 함량), 기계적 성질 (연성-취성 천이온도 ), 전기비저항을 측정하여 이들간의 상호관계를 구하고자 하였다. 열화재에서는 기지내의 고용 원소 (Mo 와 Cr)의 고갈이 나타났다. 연성-취성 천이온도는 열화 초반부에 급격히 증가 후 포화되는 경향을 보인 반면 전기비저항은 열화 초반부에 급격히 감소 후 포화되는 경향을 보였다. 즉, 열화 시간에 따른 연성-취성 천이온도의 변화 경향과 전기비저항의 변화는 서로 반대적으로 변화하는 관계를 나타내었다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2007년도 공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.167-172
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• 2007

The frequency-domain small-loop electromagnetic (EM) instruments are increasingly used for shallow environmental and geotechnical surveys because of their portability and speed. However, it is well known that the data quality is generally so poor that quantitative interpretation of the data is not justified in many cases. We present an inversion method that allows the correction for the calibration errors and also constructs multidimensional resistivity models. The key point in this method is that the data are collected at least at two different heights. The forward modeling used in the inversion is based on an efficient 3-D finite-difference method, and its solution was checked against 2-D finite-element solution. The synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that the joint inversion recovers reliable resistivity models from multi-frequency data severely contaminated by the calibration errors.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 1984

쌍극자 배치 사용시 지하천부에 존재하는 공동으로 인한 외견 비저항을 해석하였다. 쌍극자 배치를 사용한 비저항법을 이용하여 지하공동의 위치나 모양을 밝히는 데는 전도성 물체뿐만이 아니라 저항성 물체에 대한 외견 비저항 반응을 알아야 한다. 이들 물체에 대한 외견 비저항은 적분방정식을 이용한 수치계산 방법으로 구하였다. 외견 비저항의 크기와 패턴은 물체와 주위 비저항의 비율에 따라서 크게 달라진다. 전도성 물체의 경우 최대이상은 물체의 바깥쪽에 나타나지만, 저항성 물체의 경우 최대이상의 출현위치는 물체의 위치와 일치한다. 후자의 예로서 1978년 일본 오끼나와에서 실시한 야외조사에서 최대이상이 공동의 위치에 나타나는 것이 확인되었다.