• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.81-96
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was conducted in order to provide the necessary basic data, to establish management solutions and to improve biodiversity by calculating similarity index, urbanization index (UI), and disturbed index (DI) to understand current status of naturalized and invasive alien plants in Eulsukdo, Maekdo and Samnak ecological parks in Busan, South Korea. The numbers of naturalized plants identified in these parks were 76 taxa; 20 families, 53 genera, and 76 species. As a result of the similarity index analysis, the most similarity level (83.0%) was obtained at Eulsukdo and Maekdo parks. The numbers of invasive plants identified in the two parks were 11 taxa; Rumex acetosella L., Sicyos angulatus L., Solanum carolinense L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Ambrosia trifida L., Hypochaeris radicata L., Lactuca serriola L., Solidago altissima L., Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom, Paspalum distichum L., and Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr. Overall, UI and DI were 28.6% and 66.7%, respectively, indicating that the ecosystem disruption was serious.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.83-93
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted for an understanding of a threatened plant species,“Penthorum chinense”, which is a vegetation structure and environmental characteristic in the southern part of Ibaraki, Japan. We selected distribution and contiguity area where P. chinense is not distributed and we set up 69 sites by the quardrat method. The surveyed general characters in each site include mean-height, mean-coverage, moisture condition water depth coverage and depth of litter layer. We calculated the degree of succession by the survey data and grasped the main distribution area, vegetation structure, growth environment of P. chinense by TWINSPAN classification and DCA ordination. The results of this study are as follows. First, P. chinense habitat was categorized into the riverside and abandoned paddy fields. The riverside was influenced by natural disturbance caused by flooding and drought. These conditions led to a poor P. chinense growth. The abandoned paddy fields as the artificial disturbance area have high potential value, because the area can preserve P. chinense growth space by succession control and water management. second, we executed TWINSPAN analysis based on vegetation coverage data of survey sites. The vegetation types were classified into the three categories: annual plant flora(P. chinense dominates in wet state), perennial plant flora(Solidago altissima dominates in dry state), and perennial plant flora(Phragmites communis dominates in wet state). Third, the data was ordinated by DCA. The sample sequences along the first and second DCA axes effectively reflected moisture condition, number of species, mean height, coverage of litter layer and degree of succession. Especially, P. chinense flora has the high correlation with moisture condition and number of species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to determine the effects of growth regulators, temperature, and light on the germination of Chwinamul(Aster scaber, Aster tataricus, Synurus deltoides, Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica, Ligularia fisheri) seeds. Compared to GA, IAA, and kinetin, BA (150ppm) stimulated best seed germination of all five species under the both light and dark condition at $25^{\circ}C$. The effect of growth regulators was not observed significantly under the light condition except of Ligularia fisheri and Synurus deltoides while it was shown markedly under the dark condition. Germination rates of Ligularia fisheri and Synurus deltoides in different concentration of BA were relatively higher under the light at $15^{\circ}C$ while those of other species varied in different concentration and temperature.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.579-603
• /
• 2020

In order to provide fundamental information about the floristic composition of the area along with an assessment of the environmental impact, a floristic study of the vascular plants in the Tamjin River estuary in Gangjin-gun was conducted for a total of nine days, in the period from June 2014 to September 2014. We found that the vascular plants in this region comprised 424 taxa belong to 102 families, 281 genera, 390 species, 5 subspecies, 26 varieties, and 3 forma. Five taxa of Korean endemic plants including Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey, Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tricolor (Nakai) Nakai, and Clematis trichotoma Nakai were collected. Two least concern (LC) taxa of rare plants (as designated by the Korea Forest Service) were collected: Hydrocharis dubia (Blume) Backer and Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. Ten the floristic regional indicator taxa from the third to the fifth grade were identified: two taxa belonged to grade IV, and eight taxa belonged to grade III. Twenty-four taxa of salt-tolerant plants, including Artemisia fukudo Makino, Carex rugulosa Kuk., and Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge, as well as 44 taxa of aquatic plants, including Najas marina L., Nuphar oguraensis Miki, and Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze, were investigated in this region. Fifty-nine taxa of naturalized plants were recorded, among which the following six taxa were plants that caused ecosystem disturbance: Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Humulus scandens (Lour.) Merr., Lactuca scariola L., Rumex acetosella L., Solidago altissima L., and Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.668-675
• /
• 2011

The effects of adding goldenrod leaf (GL) and stem powder (GS) (1 and 2%) to sausage meat were evaluated for quality characteristics. The compositional properties, pH, cooking yield, instrumental color, emulsion stability, viscosity, texture, and sensory properties were investigated. Adding GL and GS increased the moisture and ash concentration in sausages. Furthermore, increasing the amount of added GL and GS helped to develop (p<0.05) cooking yield, emulsion stability, and viscosity in the meat batters. Sausages with 2% GL and GS had significantly higher springiness and hardness than those of the control. No significant differences in cohesiveness were observed among the treatments. CIE L*and CIE a*values were highest (p<0.05) in the control sausage. Treatment with 2% GL resulted in the highest CIE b* values (p<0.05) in batter and sausages. No significant difference was observed between the control and other treatments for the overall acceptability. Overall, this study indicated that GL and GS could be used as dietary fiber in sausages to improve quality characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2011

Seventeen 30% EtOH extracts from the Compositae plants collected in Gangwon-do, Korea during autumn season were analyzed by HPLC using three standard caffeoylquinic acids (chlorogenic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-Omuco-quinic acid) and six flavonoids (rutin, isoquercitrin, astragalin, quercitrin, quercetin and kaempferol) to find the composition of phenolic compounds and also assayed to evaluate the peroxynitrite (ONOO$^-$) scavenging effect. The extracts with $IC_{50}$ values less than 2.0 ${\mu}g/ml$ were as follows: Aster tartaricus ($IC_{50}$, $1.26{\pm}0.10\;{\mu}g/ml$), A. maaki ($1.45{\pm}0.03\;{\mu}g/ml$), Solidago virga-aurea, ($1.45{\pm}0.03\;{\mu}g/ml$), Picris hierraciodes var. glabrescens ($1.45{\pm}0.04 \;{\mu}g/ml$), Lactuca triangulata ($1.50{\pm}0.09\;{\mu}g/ml$), Chrysanthemum zawadskii ssp. acutilobum, ($1.79{\pm}0.14\;{\mu}g/ml$). Particularly, the proportion of total phenolic compounds measured in the extract of L. triangulata was highest as the value 54.51%.

• Plant Resources
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.138-147
• /
• 2000

This examination of vegetation is conducted from June to Oct. 1999 through on the spot survey, centering on the habitat of Abies koreana around Imgeolryeong, Jangteomok, and Jeseokbong in Mt Jiri and Yeongsil path and Seongpanak path in Mt. Halla. Species composition tables of the Abies koreana community by altitude and slope in Mt. Jiri and Mt. Halla are made based on the community composition tables examined in quadrat. The Abies koreana-Saso quelpaertensis community in a west slope of Mt. Halla is found that Abies koreana of 4-6m in height forms subtree layer and that of 8-9m in height the tree layer and it reflects a difference between community structure by slope and main composition species. While the tree layer of Abies koreana community is 12-14 in height around the area of 1,290-1,560m above the sea of Imgeolryong and path from Baekmudong to Jangteomok, it is 8-12m in height in the area of 1,680-1,780m above the sea of path from Jangteomok to Jeseokbong. It means that community structure depends on area and attitude. This study finds out that commonly appearing composition species similar to coverage and presence are Lepisorus thunberianus, Quercus mongolica, Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica, Ligularia fischeri, Carex lanceolata, Clintonia udensis, Magnolia sieboldii, Betula ermani, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum. As soil environment of surveyed area, pH of surveyed spots is similar in Mt. Jiri and Mt. Halla, electrical conductivity is higher in Mt Jiri, and contents of organic matter is relatively higher in a west slope of Mt. Jiri and Mt. Halla and lower in their south and west slopes. Contents of organic matter and total nitrogen show that the area of 1,550m above the sea in a west slope of Mt. Halla is some higher. For pH and contents of total nitrogen and organic matter, Mt. Halla is higher than Mt. Jiri but for electrical conductivity, Mt. Jiri is relatively higher than Mt. Halla.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.173-181
• /
• 2017

Background: This study was undertaken to analyze the distribution and ecological characteristics of invasive alien plant species on Jeju Island, and to provide basic data for their management and control. Results: A field research was conducted at 436 locations on Jeju Island. The field research identified nine species of invasive alien species growing on Jeju Island. Based on the distribution pattern, Hypochaeris radicata L., Rumex acetosella, and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. were found to be distributed horizontally throughout Jeju Island, with vertical growth in two or more vegetation zones, from warm temperate to the subalpine zone. Widely distributed species penetrate various habitats, such as grasslands, ranches, roadsides, farmlands, and empty lots, and have an immensely negative impact on the ecosystem, including declining biodiversity on Jeju Island. Paspalum distichum var. indutum Shinners, Paspalum distichum L., Solanum carolinense L., and Aster pilosus Willd. were distributed in some areas as a biased distribution species, whereas Lactuca scariola L. and Solidago altissima L. were found only in certain areas as centralized distribution species. Conclusions: The centralized distribution species and biased distribution species of the invasive plants in the ecosystem of Jeju Island should be physically eliminated, keeping in mind the short- and mid-term perspectives and monitoring, and by considering expansion of additional distribution areas. Due to limitations of physical/chemical elimination, time, and cost, widely distributed species require to be eliminated and managed, mainly to restore the integrity of the ecosystem, by planting native species to reestablish the habitat.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.381-386
• /
• 2004

To develop accurate and predictive global carbon cycle models, it is important to understand the change of accumulated carbon for many ecosystems according to successional stage. In this study, I measured total biomass, litter and soil organic matter contents through an aerial photo and field observation. As a result, accumulated organic matter contents per unit area (kg $m^{-2})$ of three communities composed at grassland were 7.00 kg $m^{-2}$, in Solidago altissima community, 9.18 kg $m^{-2}$, in Imperata cylindrica community, and 12.68 kg $m^{-2}$, in Miscanthus sinensis community, respectively. Accumulated total organic matter contents was high in Miscanthus sinensis community at later succession stage but soil carbon was low. In Miscanthus sinensis community, highly accumulated organic matter contents was resulted from increasing of biomass comparison with that of the other two communities. The pattern of accumulated organic matter contents was changed by changing of the dominant community due to progressing in succession. The accumulated carbon in temperate grassland will be increased with progressing in succession.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.206-214
• /
• 2014

Numerous cases have been reported of naturalization by exotic ornamental plants. To obtain basic data about how those plants affect the ecosystems of Korea, we compiled a list of 78 species categorized as ornamentals from 309 naturalized species in Korea and analyzed their life forms, origin, and their current global status of naturalization and regulation. Plants belonging to Compositae comprised the largest group, with 23 species. In all, 75 species were considered herbaceous, and perennial species out-numbered annuals and biennials. Most species originated from Europe and North America. Except for Houttuynia cordata, the other 77 species were naturalized in other countries as well. Furthermore, 34 species, including Aster pilosus and Solidago altissima, have been subject to legal restrictions or classified as alert species in Korea or other countries. Therefore, monitoring may be required to prevent spread of those species, especially for species which have not been managed under domestic law up to now.