• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to develop persimmon peel, a by-product of dried persimmon manufacturing, as a feed additive via lactic acid bacteria fermentation. Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and three strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides were used as a starter culture in the solid state fermentation of persimmon peel, and antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content were assessed. Leuconostoc mesenteroides KCTC 3100 showed high antioxidant activity (p<0.05), whereas Pediococcus pentosaceus showed high total polyphenol content (p<0.05). These two strains were thus selected as starter culture strains. Glucose, sucrose and molasses were used as variables for optimization and a total 15 experimental runs were produced according to Box-Behnken design. Regarding significant effects of variables, molasses showed linear and square effects on antioxidant activity of persimmon peel fermentation (p<0.05). In conclusion, optimum concentrations of glucose, sucrose, and molasses were determined to be 4.2, 3.9 and 5.3 g/L, respectively, using a response surface model. Antioxidant activity was also improved 2.5 fold after optimization.

• 한국식품조리과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품조리과학회 1993년도 춘계 학술심포지움
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• pp.149-159
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• 1993

The concept of Solid-State Fermentation is briefly explained in comparison to other fermentation principles, and several types of fermenters are presented. A recently developed "Swing Reactor" for SSF is shown. When inoculated on rice, the mould Monascus purpureus forms red pigments, Which can be used as food colors (Ang-kak, Red Rice). By Response Surface Methodology, serveral factors have been optimized for maximal red colour formation. Showing that presoaking time of rice, pH of soaking water, age of preculture and inoculum size were not of importance within the observed limits. For a fermentation time of 7 days, start humidity is optimal at 34% and temperature is optimal at 28.8 C. These results of small scale fermentation could be transferred to the Swing Reactor.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.289-298
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• 2016

FK506 hyper-yielding mutant, called the TCM8594 strain, was made from Streptomyces tsukubaensis NRRL 18488 by mutagenesis using N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ultraviolet irradiation, and FK506 sequential resistance selection. FK506 production by the TCM8594 strain improved 45.1-fold ($505.4{\mu}g/mL$) compared to that of S. tsukubaensis NRRL 18488 ($11.2{\mu}g/mL$). Among the five substrates, wheat bran was selected as the best solid substrate to produce optimum quantities of FK506 ($382.7{\mu}g/g$ substrate) under solid-state fermentation, and the process parameters affecting FK506 production were optimized. Maximum FK506 yield ($897.4{\mu}g/g$ substrate) was achieved by optimizing process parameters, such as wheat bran with 5 % (w/w) dextrin and yeast extract as additional nutrients, 70 % (v/w) initial solid substrate moisture content, initial medium pH of 7.2, $30^{\circ}C$ incubation temperature, inoculum level that was 10 % (v/w) of the cell mass equivalent, and a 10 day incubation. The results showed an overall 234 % increase in FK506 production after optimizing the process parameters.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2017

The lignocellulose that is a major component of spent coffee ground was degraded and saccharified. To implement the spent coffee, after several pre-treatments, inoculation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and solid-state fermentation were conducted. The optimal temperature of the enzymes (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, xylanase, laccase, and cellulase) for degradation of lignocellulose by P. chrysosporium was found. We also measured the maximum activity of enzymes (lignin peroxidase 0.15 IU/mL, manganese peroxidase 0.90 IU/mL, laccase 0.11 IU/mL, cellulase 5.87 IU/mL, carboxymethyl cellulase 9.52 IU/mL, xylanase 1.16 IU/mL) used for the process. As a result, 4.73 mg/mL of reduced sugar was obtained and 61.02% of lignin was degraded by solid state fermentation of P. chrysosporium on spent coffee ground.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2008

A local isolate of Aspergillus niger was cultivated under optimal growth conditions on wheat bran in solid state fermentation. Filter paperase from fermented bran was separately extracted with different solvents to test the recovery of the enzyme. Among solvents tested, distilled water served as the best leachate, thus the conditions were further optimized with distilled water. After two washes of fermented bran with distilled water for 1.5 h each under stationary conditions at 1 g wheat bran: 5 mL distilled water, the maximum recovery of 13.5 $Ug^{-1}$ of wheat bran was obtained.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.302-306
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• 2014

목질계 분해효소 활성 증대를 위해 밀짚을 이용한 고체발효에서 주요 발효인자의 최적화를 수행하였다. Trichoderma reesei와 Aspergillus niger를 이용한 혼합배양에서 고체발효에 주요한 영향을 미친다고 알려진 배양온도, pH, 수분함량과 고체기질 크기를 순차적 최적화를 진행하였다. 실험에 적용 된 인자 모두 목질계 분해효소 활성에 유의한 효과를 주었으며, 발효온도 $40^{\circ}C$, pH 7, 수분함량 75%와 고체기질 크기 0.25~0.5 mm가 목질계 분해효소 생산을 위한 최적 조건임을 알 수 있었다. 최적조건 하에서 밀짚을 이용한 고체발효를 수행하였을 때, 효소활성 기준 cellulase 10.3 IU, endoglucanase 100.3 IU, ${\beta}$-glucosidase 22.9 IU와 xylanase 2261.7 IU/g dry material을 배양 96시간에 확인할 수 있었다. 본 결과는 기존 효소활성 대비 각각 72.6, 48.7, 55.2와 51.9% 증가한 수치로 혼합배양과 순차적 최적화를 적용하여 효과적인 목질계 분해효소 활성 증대가 가능함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.335-342
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• 2013

In this study, we compared the performance of two control systems, fuzzy logic control (FLC) and conventional control (CC). The control systems were applied for controlling temperature and substrate moisture content in a solidstate fermentation for the biosynthesis of amylase and protease enzymes by Aspergillus oryzae. The fermentation process was achieved in a 200 L rotating drum bioreactor. Three factors affecting temperature and moisture content in the solid-state fermentation were considered. They were inlet air velocity, speed of the rotating drum bioreactor, and spray water addition. The fuzzy logic control system was designed using four input variables: air velocity, substrate temperature, fermentation time, and rotation speed. The temperature was controlled by two variables, inlet air velocity and rotational speed of bioreactor, while the moisture content was controlled by spray water. Experimental results confirmed that the FLC system could effectively control the temperature and moisture content of substrate better than the CC system, resulting in an increased enzyme production by A. oryzae. Thus, the fuzzy logic control is a promising control system that can be applied for enhanced production of enzymes in solidstate fermentation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1006-1012
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• 1997

To observe the food quality of Baik-kimchi which is known as a watery Chinese cabbage pickles without fish sauce and red pepper paste, the changes of dietary fibers and pectic substances during fermentation at 5$^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ were studied. Baik-kimchi fermented at $25^{\circ}C$ showed a greater changes in pH and acidity than those of 5$^{\circ}C$ during storage. Ripened Baik-kimchi products fermented at 5$^{\circ}C$ could be prepared on 9~12 days of fermentation, and those had a pH range from 4.25 to 4.40 and acidity of 0.34~0.53. But in the case of $25^{\circ}C$ fermentation, Baik-kimchi ripened for 3 days showed a pH of 4.02 and acidity of 0.54. The pH and acidity of the Baik-kimchi juice changed more rapidly than those of the Baik-kimchi solid regardless of fermentation temperatures. The content of soluble dietary fiber(SDF) was ranged from 3.06 to 4.87% at 5$^{\circ}C$ and a wide variation in SDF was observed in the sample fermented at $25^{\circ}C$(4.15~11.22%). Insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) were increased from 21.66% to 28.42% in solid of Baik-kimchi during fermentation at 5$^{\circ}C$ and ranged from 21.37% to 24.65% for sample fermented at $25^{\circ}C$. A notable amount of pectin had been dissolved in juice of Baik-kimchi till the best ripening time and showed the level of 223.2mg/100ml at 5$^{\circ}C$ on the day of 9 and 207.3mg/100ml at $25^{\circ}C$ on the day of 2. In contrast, the contents of pectin in solid Baik-kimchi decreased, whereas contents of sodium hexametaphosphate soluble pectin(HXSP) and HCl soluble pectin(HClSP) increased with fermentation period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2019

Objective: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of four fungal pretreatments on the nutritional value of Camellia seed residues, and to evaluate the feeding value of pretreated Camellia seed residues for ruminants. Methods: Camellia seed residues were firstly fermented by four lignin degrading fungi, namely, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium)-30942, Trichoderma koningiopsis (T. koningiopsis)-2660, Trichoderma aspellum (T. aspellum)-2527, or T. aspellum-2627, under solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions at six different incubation times. The nutritional value of each fermented Camellia seed residues was then analyzed. The fermentation profiles, organic matter degradability and metabolizable energy of each pre-treated Camellia seed residue were further evaluated using an in vitro rumen fermentation system. Results: After 5 days of fermentation, P. chrysosporium-30942 had higher degradation of lignin (20.51%), consumed less hemicellulose (4.02%), and the SSF efficiency reached 83.43%. T. koningiopsis-2660 degraded more lignin (21.54%) and consumed less cellulose (20.94%) and hemicellulose (2.51%), the SSF efficiency reached 127.93%. The maximum SSF efficiency was 58.18% for T. aspellum-2527 and 47.61% for T. aspellum-2627, appeared at 30 and 15 days respectively. All the fungal pretreatments significantly improved the crude protein content (p<0.05). The Camellia seed residues pretreated for 5 days were found to possess significantly increased organic matter degradability, volatile fatty acid production and metabolizable energy (p<0.05) after the treatment of either P. chrysosporium-30942, T. koningiopsis-2660 or T. aspellum-2527. The fungal pretreatments did not significantly change the rumen fermentation pattern of Camellia seed residues, with an unchanged ratio of acetate to propionate. Conclusion: The fungi showed excellent potential for the solid-state bioconversion of Camellia seed residues into digestible ruminant energy feed, and their shorter lignin degradation characteristics could reduce loss of the other available carbohydrates during SSF.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2003

고체상태배양에서 섬유소분해효소의 고 생산을 위해 기질로서 다양한 섬유순폐기물을 검토한 결과, 주정박과 볏짚을 1:1의 혼합기질로 사용하였을 때 13.98 FPA를 얻었다. 효소생산을 높이기 위해 주정박과 볏짚의 혼합기질에 질소원으로서 콩비지를 1:1:1로 혼합하였을 때 15.22 FPA의 효소활성을 얻을 수 있었다. 이때의 최적의 함수율, pH, 온도는 각각 70%, 5.0, 3$0^{\circ}C$이었다. 최적배양조건에서 배양 5일째 FPA, CMCase, Xylanase, $\beta$-glucosidase 및 Avicelase의 효소활성은 각각 15.22, 69.1, 83.9, 29.2 및 4.2 unit/g-SDW이었다. T. harzianum FJI의 섬유소폐기물을 이용한 고체상 태배양의 경제적인 효소생산은 섬유소폐기물의 생물학적 당화기술에 크게 기여할 것이다.