• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted to determine the influence of litter type on growing performance of broiler and litter characteristics. Sawdust, wood chips and solid part of cattle manure was used as a litter from 7 to 42 days of broiler age. The body weight was significantly (p<.05) higher in manure solid than those of sawdust and wood chips. The litter production was 2,134, 2,246 and 1,785g per bird on the sawdust, the wood chip and the manure solid during 35 days, respectively. Although the initial moisture contents of the litter materials were different 23.5% for sawdust, 16.26% for wood chips and 61.57% for cattle manure solids, the moisture were different 23.5% for sawdust, 16.26% for wood chips and 61.57% for cattle manure solid, the moisture contents became similar after 28 days of the experimental period. The nitrogen content of manure solid was higher than those of sawdust and wood chips. It was concluded that solid part of cattle manure and wood chips were potentially useful source of litter materials for broiler.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 1996

The specimens which were prepared from $\alpha$-Si3N4 with additions of YAG(3Y2O3.5Al2O3)-10 wt% and various AlN contents were sintered in N2 atmosphere at 1$700^{\circ}C$ The effect of $\alpha$,$\beta$-solid solution contents and sintering time on mechanical properties were investigated. As the content of $\beta$-solid solution and sintering time increased the hardness is reduced but the hardness of specimen sintered over 10 hours is constant irrespective of sintering time. While the fracture toughness increased with increasing of $\beta$-solid solution and sintering time. The fracture toughness of specimen with 80% $\beta$-solid solution content increased from 3.89 to 6.66 MPam1/2 with sintering sintering up to 20 hours/ But the amount of increased fracture toughness of specimen with below 20% $\beta$-solid solution content is not significant.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2015

The impact behavior of epoxy-based nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nano tube (CNT), carbon nano fiber (CNF) and mixed contents of these nanoparticles was investigated using Izod impact test. The results showed that while the impact strength of nanocomposites containing 1 wt% of CNT and 1 wt% of CNF increased 19% and 13% respectively, addition of mixed contents of these nanofillers (0.5-0.5 wt%) demonstrated higher improvement (21%) in the impact resistance. The trend of the results is explained on the basis of different fracture mechanisms of nanocomposites. Furthermore, the fracture surface of specimens and the dispersion state of nanoenhancers have been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.212-217
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• 2004

To make the germinated buckwheat tea, soluble solid contents, total flavonoid contents and organoleptic properties were investigated under various steaming time and drying temperature. The optimum condition of soluble solid contents were 6.93 min of steaming time and 73.59$^{\circ}C$ of drying temperature. Total flavonoid contents were maximum under the condition of 5.22 min of steaming time and 79.05$^{\circ}C$ of drying temperature. The optimum condition of overall palatability was 6.00 min of steaming time and 77.33$^{\circ}C$ of drying temperature. The optimum ranges of soluble solid contents, total flavonoid contents and overall palatability of the tea were 5.4∼7.0 min of steaming time and 75∼8$0^{\circ}C$ of drying temperature. The values expected in the optimum ranges were also similar to the experimental values.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 2002

Processes in an iron ore sintering bed can characterized as a relatively uniform progress of fuel, cokes combustion and complicated physical change of solid particles. The sintering bed was modelled as an unsteady one-dimensional progress of the fuel layer, containing two phases: solid and gas. Coke added to the raw mix, of which the amount is about 3.5% of the total weight, was assumed to form a single particle with other components. Numerical simulations of the condition in the iron ore sintering bed were performed for various parameters: moisture contents, cokes contents and air suction rates, along with the various particle diameters of the solid for sensitivity analysis. Calculation results showed that the influence of these parameters on the bed condition should be carefully evaluated, in order to achieve self-sustaining combustion without high temperature section. The model should be extended to consider the bed structural change and multiple solid phase, which could treat the inerts and fuel particles separately.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.171-178
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• 2002

Numerical simulations of the condition in the iron ore sintering bed are performed for various parameters. The sintering bed is modelled as an unsteady one-dimensional progress of solid material, containing cokes and iron ore. Bed temperature, solid mass and gas species distributions are predicted for various parameters of moisture contents, cokes contents and air suction rates, along with the various particle diameters of the solid for sensitivity analysis. Calculation results show that influences of these parameters on the bed condition should be carefully evaluated for achievement of the self-sustaining combustion without the high temperature section, which can cause the excessive melting in the bed. It suggests that the model should be extended to consider the bed structural change and multiple solid phase, which can treat the inerts and fuel particles separately.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.628-632
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• 2001

The removal rate of Cl from municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI) ash(bottom ash and fly ash) by washing was investigated. The Cl contents in the bottom ash and fly ash were 2.6-3.0% and 25-30% respectively, and KCl, NaCl, CaCIOH and friedel's salt were main components. From the results on the effects of washing time and temperature, the Cl contents in the bottom ash and fly ash were decreased up to 0.3% and 2.0% respectively by using of water as a solvent within 30 min at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 300 rpm of agitation speed and 10 of liquid/solid ratio. It is expected that the removal of Cl from the incineration ash by washing could make use of the ash for a cement raw material and so on.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.112-122
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• 2013

Current status of soil contamination with fluorine and its source were investigated. The basic principles and procedures of various techniques for the analysis of fluorine contents in soil and solid phase samples were summarized in this review. Analysis of fluorine in solid matrices can be achieved by two types of techniques: (i) UV/Vis spectrophotometer or ion selective electrode (ISE) analysis after performing appropriate extraction steps and (ii) direct solid analysis. As the former cases, the standard method of Korean ministry of environment, alkali fusion-ISE method, pyrohydrolysis, oxygen bomb combustion, aqua regia digestion-automatic analysis, and sequential extraction-ISE method were introduced. In addition, direct analysis methods (i.e., X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and proton induced gamma-ray emission spectrometry) and atomic spectrometry combining with the equipment for introducing solid phase sample were also reviewed. Fluorine analysis techniques can be reasonably selected through site-specific information such as matrix condition, contamination level, the amount of samples and the principles of various methods for the analysis of fluorine presented in this review.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2006

In order to prepare high-solid coatings, first acrylic resins (HSAs) which contain 80% solid were synthesized, and then the prepared resins were cured with isocyanate at room temperature. In the synthesis of HSAs, viscosity, number average molecular weight $(M_n)$ and conversion were $1372{\sim}2700$ cps, $1520{\sim}1650$ and $83{\sim}87%$, respectively. Among the four kinds of initiators used, tert-amylperoxy-2-ethyl hexanoate was the most proper one in the synthesis of HSAs. With increasing $T_g$ values, viscosity increased rapidly and molecular weight increased slowly. As a result of the examination of coated films, it was found that $60^{\circ}$ specular gloss, impact resistance, heat resistance and cross-hatch adhesion were good, and pencil hardness, drying time and pot life were poor.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2014

The following study is the result of herbal teas puffed at different temperatures between $140{\sim}220^{\circ}C$. Depending on treatment temperatures, the water contents decreased, while some carbonization occurred and crude ash contents relatively increased. Also, the crude protein and crude fat experienced little changes. B(${\alpha}$)P contents (0.16~0.17 ppb) showed little change according to treatment temperatures. From this result, the B(${\alpha}$)P content differed depending on the treatment temperature and raw materials. Solid elution rate figures of the herbal teas ranged from 0.27~0.45% (w/w) and the rate of solid elution increased along with higher puffing temperatures. The reason for the increase in solid elution rates is due to the breakage of cross bridges between the raw materials in the herbal tea which are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and etc. after treatments of physical changes rather than chemical ones.