• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.617-641
• /
• 2014

The energy constraint is still a common issue for the practical application of wireless sensors, since they are usually powered by batteries which limit their lifetime. In this paper, a practical compound energy efficiency strategy is proposed and realized in the implementation of a real time wireless sensor platform. The platform is intended for wireless structural monitoring applications and consists of three parts, wireless sensing unit, base station and data acquisition and configuration software running in a computer within the Matlab environment. The high energy efficiency of the wireless sensor platform is achieved by a proposed adaptive radio transmission power control algorithm, and some straightforward methods, including adopting low power ICs and high efficient power management circuits, low duty cycle radio polling and switching off radio between two adjacent data packets' transmission. The adaptive transmission power control algorithm is based on the statistical average of the path loss estimations using a moving average filter. The algorithm is implemented in the wireless node and relies on the received signal strength feedback piggybacked in the ACK packet from the base station node to estimate the path loss. Therefore, it does not need any control packet overheads. Several experiments are carried out to investigate the link quality of radio channels, validate and evaluate the proposed adaptive transmission power control algorithm, including static and dynamic experiments.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.1304-1310
• /
• 2015

In remote islands, due to expense of existing generation systems, installation of photovoltaic cells (PVs) and wind turbines has a chance of reducing generation costs. However, in island power systems, even short-term power fluctuations change the frequency of grids because of their small inertia constant. In order to compensate power fluctuations, the authors proposed the power consumption control of pumps which send water to tanks. The power control doesn’t affect water users’ convenience as long as tanks hold water. Based on experimental characteristics of a pump system, this paper shows methods to determine reference power consumption of the system with compensation for short-term PV fluctuations while satisfying water demand. One method uses a PI controller and the other method calculates reference power consumption from water flow reference. Simulations with a PV and a pump system are carried out to find optimum parameters and to compare the methods. Results show that both PI control method and water flow calculation method are useful for satisfying the water demand constraint. The water demand constraint has a little impact to suppression of the short-term power fluctuation in this condition.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2006.07b
• /
• pp.1167-1168
• /
• 2006

Recently, the concern for environmental issue has been rising in the world such as global warming and breaking of ozone barrier by exhausting carbon dioxide(CO2) and Freon. In this situation, Photovoltaic(PV) and hydrogen energy system for utilizing clean and renewable energy was highlighted to contribute very much against the global warming prevention. Until now, authors have studied EMTDC model Development of Solar-powered Hydrogen production system and manufactured the 600W class actual PV-SPE system. Which was established in 2004 to produce highly pure hydrogen energized by PV power generation system. Sooner, authors will establish 100kW class PV-SPE system. Economically, this system produce large amount of hydrogen. In this paper, all data of 100kW class PV-SPE system will be simulated by using PSCAD/EMTDC.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.742-751
• /
• 2018

Electric vehicles (EV) are emerging as the future transportation vehicle reflecting their potential safe environmental advantages. Vehicle to Grid (V2G) system describes the hybrid system in which the EV can communicate with the utility grid and the energy flows with insignificant effect between the utility grid and the EV. The paper presents an optimal power control and energy management strategy for Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) charging stations using Wind-PV-FC-Battery renewable energy sources. The energy management optimization is structured and solved using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) to determine and distribute at each time step the charging power among all accessible vehicles. The Model-Based Predictive (MPC) control strategy is used to plan PEV charging energy to increase the utilization of the wind, the FC and solar energy, decrease power taken from the power grid, and fulfil the charging power requirement of all vehicles. Desired features for EV battery chargers such as the near unity power factor with negligible harmonics for the ac source, well-regulated charging current for the battery, maximum output power, high efficiency, and high reliability are fully confirmed by the proposed solution.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.63 no.5
• /
• pp.644-651
• /
• 2014

The renewable energy system and the real-time pricing can provide the significant economic advantage for end-user of residential house. However, according to recent studies, high initial cost of renewable energy system such as photovoltaic (PV) system and lack of suitable load control methods adjusting electric power consumption in response to time-varying price are regarded as the major obstruction for introduction of renewable energy system and real-time pricing in residental household. In this paper, we propose automated optimal load control strategy which aim to achieve not only minimizing the electricity cost but also the increase in the utilization rates of PV generation power of residential PV house in real-time pricing environment. Simulation results show that our proposed optimal load control strategy leads to significant reduction in the electricity costs and increase in the utilization rates of power generated by PV system in comparison with the conventional PV house. Therefore, the proposed optimal load control strategy can provide more economic benefit to end-user.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2019.10a
• /
• pp.370-371
• /
• 2019

태양 에너지 수집형 무선 센서 네트워크는 지속해서 에너지를 수집할 수 있어 배터리 기반 센서 네트워크의 에너지 제약 문제를 완화할 수 있지만, 고정된 싱크의 사용으로 싱크 주변에 존재하는 노드들이 상대적으로 에너지 소비가 증가하는 문제, 즉 에너지 사용 불균형 문제는 해결하지 못한다. 최근의 연구에서는 클러스터링을 기반으로 한 모바일 싱크를 도입하여 이를 해결하고자 했지만, 클러스터 헤드 및 그 주변 노드들의 에너지 부담은 여전히 존재한다. 한편, 무선 전력 전송 기술 발전에 따라 무선 센서 네트워크에서 모바일 싱크를 이용한 무선 전력 전송의 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 무선 전력 전송이 가능한 모바일 싱크와 효율적인 클러스터링 기법(클러스터 헤드 선출 포함)을 이용하여 에너지 불균형 문제를 최소화하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 클러스터 헤드 및 헤드 주변 노드의 에너지 핫 스팟이 완화됨으로, 전체 네트워크의 정전 노드들이 감소하고 수집된 데이터양이 증가한 것을 성능평가를 통해 확인할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2011.08a
• /
• pp.148-148
• /
• 2011

Recently, there have been many research activities to develop the large-area plasma source, which is able to generate the high-density plasma with relatively good uniformity, for the plasma processing in the thin-film solar cell and display panel industries. The large-area CCP sources have been applied to the PECVD process as well as the etching. Especially, the PECVD processes for the depositions of various films such as a-Si:H, ${\mu}c$-Si:H, Si3N4, and SiO2 take a significant portion of processes. In order to achieve higher deposition rate (DR), good uniformity in large-area reactor, and good film quality (low defect density, high film strength, etc.), the application of VHF (>40 MHz) CCP is indispensible. However, the electromagnetic wave effect in the VHF CCP becomes an issue to resolve for the achievement of good uniformity of plasma and film. Here, we propose a new electrode as part of a method to resolve the standing wave effect in the large-area VHF CCP. The electrode is split up a series of strip-type electrodes and the strip-type electrodes and the ground ones are arranged by turns. The standing wave effect in the longitudinal direction of the strip-type electrode is reduced by using the multi-feeding method of VHF power and the uniformity in the transverse direction of the electrodes is achieved by controlling the gas flow and the gap length between the powered electrodes and the substrate. Also, we provide the process results for the growths of the a-Si:H and the ${\mu}c$-Si:H films. The high DR (2.4 nm/s for a-Si:H film and 1.5 nm/s for the ${\mu}c$-Si:H film), the controllable crystallinity (~70%) for the ${\mu}c$-Si:H film, and the relatively good uniformity (1% for a-Si:H film and 7% for the ${\mu}c$-Si:H film) can be obtained at the high frequency of 40 MHz in the large-area discharge (280 mm${\times}$540 mm). Finally, we will discuss the issues in expanding the multi-electrode to the 8G class large-area plasma processing (2.2 m${\times}$2.4 m) and in improving the process efficiency.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.331-343
• /
• 2005

Development of hydrogen station system is an important technology to commercialize fuel cells and fuel cell powered vehicles. Generally, hydrogen station consists of hydrogen production process including desulfurizer, reformer, water gas shift (WGS) reactor and pressure swing adsorption (PSA) apparatus, and post-treatment process including compressor, storage and distributer. In this review, we investigate the R&D trends and prospects of hydrogen station in domestic and foreign countries for opening the hydrogen economy society. Indeed, the reforming of fossil fuels for hydrogen production will be essential technology until the ultimate process that may be water hydrolysis using renewable energy source such as solar energy, wind force etc, will be commercialized in the future. Hence, we also review the research trends on unit technologies such as the desulfurization, reforming reaction of fossil fuels, water gas shift reaction and hydrogen separation for hydrogen station applications.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.1093-1100
• /
• 2018

Fast progress in miniaturization and reducing power consumption of semiconductors for wearable devices makes it possible to develop extremely small wearable systems for various application services. This results recent wearable applications to be powered from extremely low-power energy harvesters based on solar, piezo, and TENG sources. In most cases, the harvesters generate power in non-linear manner. Therefore, we implemented and experimented the device platforms to utilize natural frequency of around 3Hz. We also designed two-stage power storages and high efficiency conversion platform to consider such non-linear power harvesting sources. The experiment showed power generation of about 4.67mW/min from these non-linear sources with provision of stable energy storages.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.545-554
• /
• 2017

Among various applications of the High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), this paper has a focus on the Global Positioning System (GPS) utilizing pseudolite and its improved performance, particularly during the multi-purpose missions. In a multi-purpose mission, the HALE UAV follows a specified flight trajectory for both navigation applications and missions. Some of the representative HALE missions are remote exploration, surveillance, reconnaissance, and communication relay. During these operations, the HALE UAV can also be an additional positioning signal source as it broadcast signals using pseudolite. The pseudolite signal can improve the availability, accuracy, and reliability of the GPS particularly in areas with poor signal reception, such as shadowed regions between tall buildings. The improvement in performance of navigation is validated through simulations of multi-purpose missions of the solar-powered HALE UAV in an urban canyon. The simulation includes UAV trajectory generation at stratosphere and uses actual geographical building data. The results indicate that the pseudolite-equipped HALE UAV has the potential to enhance the performance of the satellite navigation system in navigationally degraded regions even during multi-purpose operations.