• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.91-102
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• 1990

본 연구는 다양한 지반조건에 따른 동적거동해석의 안정성 및 경제성을 분석하기 위하여 토사지반을 포함하는 시험부지를 선택하여 토사지반에서는 미소변형율의 crosshole test 및 downhole test와 대변형율의 반복삼축시험, 암반에서는 미소변형율에서 현장시험인 crosshole test, downhole test와 실내시험인 sonic test를 실시해 변형율에 따른 지반의 동적전단계수, 감쇠비와 포아슨비 등을 측정하였다. 시험으로 구한 동적지반특성과 기초특성과의 상관관계를 회귀분석을 통하여 분석하였고, 지반의 설계대표치는 시험결과를 토대로 지반별 분포특성 및 영향요인을 고려하여 토사지반에서는 비선형 응력-변형모델로, 암반에서는 미소변형율에서의 동적지반특성을 산정하였다. 상기의 지반구성방정식과 대표치 산정과정은 실제 시험결과 분석, 지반입력 data 산정에 활용 가능하도록 체계화하였다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.193-205
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• 2021

The importance of forests and trees in climate change mitigation and soil nutrient cycling cannot be overemphasized. This study assessed the above-ground carbon stock of two exotic and two indigenous tree species - Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis, Khaya grandifoliola and Nauclea diderrichii and their litter impact on soil nutrient content of an arboretum within the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Data were collected from equal sample plots from the four species' compartments. Tree growth variables including total height, diameter at breast height, crown height, crown diameter and merchantable height were measured for the estimation of above-ground carbon stock. Soil samples were collected from a depth of 0-30 cm from each compartment and analyzed for particle size distribution, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable bases, exchangeable acidity, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, pH, Manganese, Iron, Copper and Zinc. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test for significant difference (p<0.05) in the carbon contents of the four species and the soil nutrient contents of the different species' compartments. Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationships between the carbon contents, growth parameters and soil parameters. The highest and lowest carbon stock per hectare was observed for G. arborea (151.52 t.ha^-1) and K. grandifoliola (45.45 t.ha^-1) respectively. Cation exchange capacity and base saturation were highest and lowest for soil under G. arborea and K. grandifoliola respectively. The pH was highest and lowest for soil under G. arborea and T. grandis respectively. Carbon stock correlated positively with dbh, crown diameter, merchantable height and Zn and negatively with base saturation. The study revealed that G. arborea and N. diderrichii can effectively be used for reforestation and afforestation programmes aimed at climate change mitigation across Nigeria. Therefore, policies to encourage and enhance their planting should be encouraged.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2010

국내 수문관측자료의 부족으로SWAT(Soil Water Assessment Tool) 모형의 적용성 평가는 대부분 유출자료만을 사용하여 이루어진다. 본 연구는 실측된 여러 수문자료가 SWAT수문모형의 불확실성 및 오차의 감소를 위해 어떻게 이용될 수 있는 지에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전형적인 산지 유역인 설마천 유역을 대상으로 준분포형 장기강우유출모형인 SWAT 모형을 적용하여 수문성분의 특성을 살펴보았다. 먼저 모형의 입력자료인 기상자료 및 지형자료를 획득하여 구축하였고, 모형의 검 보정 위하여 유출, 증발산, 토양수분 실측자료를 획득하였다. SWAT 모형은 유츨량, 증발산, 토양수분 자료가 동시에 측정된 2007년 자료를 사용하여 보정된 후, SWAT 모형의 모의값은 유출량은 2003~2008년, 증발산과 토양수분은 2008년의 관측값과 비교, 분석한 뒤 전체적인 검증을 통해 모형의 적용성 평가를 실시하였다. 유출량의 검 보정 이용한 모의결과보다 다른 실측자료를 이용한 모의결과가 신뢰성이 높게 나타났다(결정계수($R^2$) 상향: 유출량은 0.72에서 0.76, 토양수분은 0.49에서 0.59, 증발산은 0.52에서 0.59). 유역의 실제적인 상황을 근접하게 모의하기 위해서는 다른 수문성분의 정확하고 신뢰성 있는 자료의 구축과 적용이 매우 중요하다고 판단된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제52권8호
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• pp.545-554
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• 2019

가뭄평가 시 단일 수문인자를 활용하여 가뭄지수를 산정하고 가뭄의 출현, 심도 및 지속기간 등을 평가하는 것이 일반적이다. 하지만 가뭄은 여러 요인이 복합적인 연관성을 가지며 나타나는 현상이므로 단일인자로 가뭄을 평가하는 경우 불확실성 및 한계가 존재한다. 이에 따라 다양한 수문기상 특성을 고려할 수 있는 가뭄지수의 개발이 지속적으로 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 강우량 및 토양수분을 이용하여 가뭄을 평가하고자 은닉 마코프 모형(Hidden Markov chain Model)기반의 토양수분 모의기법을 통해 과거(1973-2014년) 토양의 수분함량을 모의하였으며, Copula 함수를 활용하여 강우량과 토양수분을 동시에 고려한 합성가뭄지수를 산정하였다. 본 연구에서 제안된 토양수분산정 모델은 다중 회귀 모형의 모의결과와 비교를 통해 모델의 적합성을 검증하였으며, 가뭄의 지속기간과 심도를 고려하여 이변량 빈도해석을 수행하였다. 이변량 빈도해석결과 2015년 전라북도 지역에 발생하였던 가뭄은 약 20년의 재현기간을 갖는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.944-958
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• 2011

Soil hydraulic properties such as hydraulic conductivity or water retention which are costly to measure can be indirectly generated by soil pedotransfer function (PTF) using easily obtainable soil data. The field soil structure description which is routinely recorded could also be used in PTF as an input to reduce the uncertainty. The purposes of this study were to use qualitative morphological soil structure descriptions and soil structural index into PTF and to evaluate their contribution in the prediction of soil hydraulic properties. We transformed categorical morphological descriptions of soil structure into quantitative values using categorical principal component analysis (CATPCA). This approach was tested with a large data set from the US National Pedon Characterization database with the aid of a categorical regression tree analysis. Six different PTFs were used to predict the saturated hydraulic conductivity and those results were averaged to quantify the uncertainty. Quantified morphological description was successively used in multiple linear regression approach to predict the averaged ensemble saturated conductivity. The selected stepwise regression model with only the transformed morphological variables and structural index as predictors predicted the $K_{sat}$ with $r^2$ = 0.48 (p = 0.018), indicating the feasibility of CATPCA approach. In a regression tree analysis, soil structure index and soil texture turned out to be important factors in the prediction of the hydraulic properties. Among structural descriptions size class turned out to be an important grouping parameter in the regression tree. Bulk density, clay content, W33 and structural index explained clusters selected by a two step clustering technique, implying the morphologically described soil structural features are closely related to soil physical as well as hydraulic properties. Although this study provided relatively new method which related soil structure description to soil structure index, the same approach should be tested using a datasets containing the actual measurement of hydraulic properties. More insight on the predictive power of soil structure index to estimate hydraulic properties would be achieved by considering measured the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the soil water retention.

• 기술사
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1985

Earthen mass located beneth a sloping group surface, whether natural or manmade, have a tendency to move downward and outward under the influence of gravity. Unless this tendency is suitably counteracted by the Shearing resistances within the mass, a landslide occurs. Avoiding such instabilities is a major concern of the geotechnical engineer. The shearing behavior of a soil is determined empirically, i.e., by field tests or laboratory tests. This results are applied to the slope stability analysis. The factor of safety for slope stability analysis is much more sensitive to the choice of strength parameters as interpreted from soil tests than to the choice of the computational method of analysis. This paper was investigated the influence of the change in the factor of safety due to a change in one of the parameters, relative to the total change in the factor of safety due to change in all parameters. A conclusion may be reached with respect to the required precision definition of the different variables to limit uncertainties in the factor of safety to tolerable levels.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2014

The ground source heat pump (GSHP) system has attracted much of attention, because of its stability of heat production and the high efficiency of the system. Performance of the heat exchanger is dependent on the soil temperature, the ground thermal conductivity, the operation schedule, the pipe placement and the design temperature. However, in spite of the many variables of these systems, there have been few research on the effect of the systems on system performance. In this study, analysis of the heat exchange rate according to soil temperature and grout material was conducted by numerical simulation. Furthermore, the heat distribution around the ground heat exchanger was presented on the different conditions of grout and underground temperature by the simulation.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.459-468
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• 1997

To optimize the design and operation of a soil- air heat exchanger system, the effects of variables characterizing system design and operation on the performance of the system were analyzed by a theoretical model which included the three-dimensional transient heat conduction equation. The solution of the theoretical model was acquired by a computer program that uses Finite Difference Methods and Gauss-Seidel iteration computation, in which the time discretization scheme was an implicit difference appoximation. The computer program was validated first by comparison of the results for different grid sizes. Air outlet temperature, energy gain, and heat exchange efficiency of the system were analyzed based upon the tube diameter, tube length, tube thickness, and tube thermal diffusivity.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.565-572
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• 2000

To quantitatively estimate mass contribution of long-range transported yellow sand, their sources should be separated independently from various local soil sources having similar elemental compositions. While it is difficult to estimate total mass loadings of pure yellow sand by traditional bulk analysis, it can be clearly solved by an particle-by-particle analysis. To perform this study, two yellow sand samples and three local soil samples were collected by a mini-volume sampler. These samples were three analyzed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray analyser (EDX) was used to obtain basic chemical information of individual yellow san particles. A total of 19 elements in a single particle were measured to develop a source profile with newly created homogeneous particle classes (HPCs) as chemical variables. The present study showed that the yellow sand samples as well as three local soil samples were characterized with reasonably well created HPCs. Finally the mass fraction of each HPC in each sample was calculated and then compared each other.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1996

The theory of slope erosion is developed along similar lines to the theory of heat flow in solid added to the correcting factor. if slope erosion in the forest and grassland proceeds according to the hypothesis, it is $\delta$y $\delta^2$y = k $\delta^2$y $\delta$$X^2$+f(s b. t) where 5 is internal properties of slope soil and b is biota on slope. When the variables of the equation of slope erosion are x = -λ the initial elevation=-f(λ), x=λ, x==a, the steady value of the initial elevation=y, and dy dx x=0> =O(t>o), respectively, the houndary condition due to the solution of the equation of slope erosion is y= 2 √$\pi$kt [∫a o λe $(X-λ)^2$4kt dλ- ∫ao- $(x+λ)^2$4kt dλ] + ∫∫∫ f (s.b. t)dtdbds