• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.826-831
• /
• 2016

he land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) is one of the greenhouse gas inventory sectors that cover emission and removals of greenhouse gases resulting from land use such as agricultural activities and land use change. Particularly, LULUCF-Cropland sector consists of carbon stock changes in soil, $N_2O$ emissions from disturbance associated with land use conversion to cropland, and $CO_2$ emission from agricultural lime application. In this paper, we conducted the study to calculate the greenhouse gases emission of LULUCF-Cropland sector in South Korea from 1990 to 2014. The emission by carbon stock changes, conversion to cropland and lime application in 2014 was 4424, 32, and 125 Gg $CO_2$-eq, respectively. Total emission from the LULUCF-Cropland sector in 2014 was 4,582 Gg $CO_2$-eq, increased by 508% since 1990 and decreased by 0.7% compared to the previous year. Total emission from this sector showed that the largest sink was the soil carbon and its increase trend in total emission in recent years was largely due to loss of cropland area.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.289-296
• /
• 2003

The ecological process-based approach provides a detailed assessment of belowground compartment as one of the major compartment of carbon balance. Carbon net balance (NEP: net ecosystem production) in forest ecosystems by ecological process-based approach is determined by the balance between net primary production (NPP) of vegetation and heterotrophic respiration (HR) of soil (NEP=NPP-HR). Respiration due to soil heterotrophs is the difference between total soil respiration (SR) and root respiration (RR) (HR=SR-RR, NEP=NPP-(SR-RR)). If NEP is positive, it is a sink of carbon. This study assessed the forest carbon balance by ecological process-based approach included belowground compartment intensively. The case study in the Takayama Station, cool-temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest was reported. From the result, NEP was estimated approximately 1.2 t C $ha^{-1} yr^{-1}$ in 1996. Therefore, the study area as a whole was estimated to act as a sink of carbon. According to flux tower result, the net uptake rate of carbon was 1.1 t C $ha^{-1} yr^{-1}$.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국공간정보시스템학회 2007년도 GIS 공동춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.359-362
• /
• 2007

Estimation of carbon in the natural forest regions is a pre-requisite for carbon management. In the light of increasing carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, the amount of carbon present in the plants and soils are very much needed to estimate the sequestered carbons stock of any region. Carbon stock estimation studies are limited in India, especially in the natural forest regions of Eastern ghats of Tamil Nadu. Remote sensing, Geographical Information System (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) were used along with extensive field and laboratory works to estimate the carbon stock in the living biomass and soil. About five forest types were identified and mapped using satellite data. The total biomass carbon including above and below ground were 2.74 Tg and the total soil organic carbon was 3.48 Tg. This study has yielded significant information about the carbon stock in a natural forest region and it could be used for future comparative studies.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2016

Background: As the decomposition of lignocellulosic compounds is a rate-limiting stage in the nutrient mineralization from organic matters, elucidation of the changes in soil enzyme activity can provide insight into the nutrient dynamics and ecosystem functioning. The current study aimed to assess the effect of thinning intensities on soil conditions. Un-thinned control, 20 % thinning, and 30 % thinning treatments were applied to a Larix kaempferi forest, and total carbon and nitrogen, total carbon to total nitrogen ratio, extractable nutrients (inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium), and enzyme activities (acid phosphatase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-xylosidase, ${\beta}$-glucosaminidase) were investigated. Results: Total carbon and nitrogen concentrations were significantly increased in the 30 % thinning treatment, whereas both the 20 and 30 % thinning treatments did not change total carbon to total nitrogen ratio. Inorganic nitrogen and extractable calcium and magnesium concentrations were significantly increased in the 20 % thinning treatment; however, no significant changes were found for extractable phosphorus and potassium concentrations either in the 20 or the 30 % thinning treatment. However, the applied thinning intensities had no significant influences on acid phosphatase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-xylosidase, and ${\beta}$-glucosaminidase activities. Conclusions: These results indicated that thinning can elevate soil organic matter quantity and nutrient availability, and different thinning intensities may affect extractable soil nutrients inconsistently. The results also demonstrated that such inconsistent patterns in extractable nutrient concentrations after thinning might not be fully explained by the shifts in the enzyme-mediated nutrient mineralization.

• 대한환경공학회지
• /
• 제37권8호
• /
• pp.458-464
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 사산화삼철과 활성탄을 발열체로 하여 벙커C유 오염토양에 마이크로파를 조사한 후 온도변화 양상 및 TPH 제거효율을 살펴보았다. 사산화삼철 및 활성탄 함유 오염토양에 100~500 Watt로 마이크로파를 조사하였을 때 승온율은 $1.4{\sim}1.6^{\circ}C/Watt$로 나타났다. 조사시간에 따른 온도의 변화는 활성탄보다 사산화삼철 함유토양에서 민감하게 나타났으며, 사산화삼철과 활성탄의 경우 발열체 함량이 각각 10% 이상과 25%에서 열탈착을 위한 충분한 온도가 확보될 수 있음을 관찰하였다. 사산화삼철은 평균 44.1%, 활성탄은 평균 89.4%의 TPH 제거 효율을 나타났으며, 벙커C유의 제거 양상은 활성탄이 함유되었을 때 사산화삼철 보다 고분자탄화수소의 휘발이 더욱 원활하게 진행되고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제48권5호
• /
• pp.549-555
• /
• 2015

Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of carbonized biomass from crop residues on chemical properties of soil and soil carbon pools during soybean cultivation. The carbonized biomass was made by field scale mobile pyrolyzer. A pot experiment with soybean in sandy loam soil was conducted for 133 days in a greenhouse, by a completely randomized design with three replications. The treatments consisted of four levels including the control without input and three levels of carbonized biomass inputs of $9.75Mg\;ha^{-1}$, C-1 ; $19.5Mg\;ha^{-1}$, C-2 ; $39Mg\;ha^{-1}$, C-3. Soil samples were collected and analyzed pH, EC, TC, TN, inorganic-N, available phosphorus and exchangeable cations of the soils. Soil pH, Total-N and available phosphorus contents correspondingly increased with increasing the carbonized material input. The contents of soil carbon pools were $19.04Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$ for C-1, $26.19Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$ for C-2, $33.62Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$ for C-3 and $12.01Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$ for the control at the end of experiment, respectively. Increased contents of soil carbon pools relative to the control were estimated at $7.03Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$ for C-1, $14.18Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$ for C-2 and $21.62Mg\;C\;ha^{-1}$ for C-3 at the end of experiment, respectively, indicating that the soil carbon pools were increased with increasing the input rate of the carbonized biomass. Consequently, it seems that the carbonized biomass derived from the agricultural byproducts such as crop residues could increase the soil carbon pools and that the experimental results will be applied to the future study of soil carbon sequestration.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제23권11호
• /
• pp.1827-1833
• /
• 2014

This study has been carried out to present the valuation system of soil carbon sequestration potentials of soil in accordance with the new climate change scenarios(RCP). For that, by analyzing variation of soil carbon of the each type of agricultural land use, it aims to develop technology to increase the amount of carbon emissions and sequestration. Among the factors which affects the estimation of determining the soil carbon model and influence power after the measurement on soil organic carbon, under the center of a causal relationship between the explanatory variables this study were investigated. Chemical fertilizers (NPK) decreased with increasing the amount of soil organic carbon and as with the first experimental results, when cultivating rice than pepper, the fact that soil organic carbon content increased has been found out. The higher the carbon dioxide concentration, the higher the amount of organic carbon in the soil and this result is reliable under a 10% significance level. On the other hand, soil organic carbon, humus carbon and hot water extractable carbon has been found out that was not affected the soils depth, sames as the result of the first year. The higher concentration of carbon dioxide, the higher carbon content of humus and hot water extractable carbon content. According to IPCC 2006 Guidelines and the new climate change scenario RCP 4.5 and the measurement results of the total amount of soil organic carbon to the crops due to abnormal climate weather, 1% increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration was found to be small when compared to the growing rate of increasing 0.01058% of organic carbon in the soil.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.17-21
• /
• 2007

The organic carbon (OC) distribution of Pinus densiflora forest in Songgye valley at Mt. Worak National Park were studied as a part of the National Long-Term Ecological Research in Korea. In order to investigate the OC distribution, OC in plant biomass, litterfall, litter layer on forest floor, and soil were estimated. The density of P. densiflora forest was 1,300 trees/ha, average DBH was $15.2{\pm}6.17\;cm$ and average tree height was $10.7{\pm}2.56\;m$. The shrub layer was dominated by shrubby Quercus variabilis, Fraxinus sieboldiana and lndigofera kirilowii with low frequency, and herb layer was dominated by Pteridium aquilinum and Miscanthus sinensis. Total amount of OC stored in this pine forest was 142.78 ton C/ha. Organic carbon stored in soil and plant biomass accounted for 59.2% and 37.8%, respectively. Amount of OC distributed in trees, shrubs, herbs and litter layer in this pine forest was 51.79, 2.03, 0.12 and 4.29 ton C/ha, respectively. Amount of OC returned to forest floor via litterfall was $1.50\;ton\;C\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$. Soil organic carbon (SOC) decreased along the soil depth. Total amount of SOC within 50cm soil depth was $84.55\;ton\;C\;ha^{-1}\;50\;cm-depth^{-1}$.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제28권9호
• /
• pp.785-795
• /
• 2019

In order to analyze the sensitivity of carbon dioxide flux by soil temperature in the grassplot, carbon dioxide flux and soil temperature were observed 24 times from March, 2010 to March, 2011 at nine sites in the grassplot. The average of $CO_2$ in the grassplot is $2.2{\sim}36.7^{\circ}C$, the highest in August, the lowest in January, and the average of carbon dioxide flux is $12{\sim}1479mgCO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}hr^{-1}$, and the carbon dioxide emission from the grassplot to the atmosphere was 10 times higher in summer than in winter. The temperature response coefficient estimated by the exponential function of carbon dioxide flux according to soil temperature was ranged from 0.1065 to 0.1274, and the increase tendency of $CO_2$ flux with soil temperature was linear at $0{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ and exponential at $20{\sim}40^{\circ}C$. The $Q_{10}$ values for each of nine observation sites on the grassplot was in the range of 2.901 ~ 3.575, and the $Q_{10}$ value using the total data observed in the lawn was estimated to be 3.374. In the homogeneous grassplot area, the average of $Q_{10}$ values by observation point and the $Q_{10}$ value by the total data were estimated similarly.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.380-383
• /
• 1998

본 연구는 퇴비중의 유기물 함량으로부터 탄소함량을 구하기 위한 환산계수를 결정하기 위하여 수행하였다. 퇴비중의 유기물 함량은 회화법으로, 탄소함량은 원소 분석기를 사용하여 분석한 결과 유기물 함량과 탄소함량의 관계는 "탄소함량(%)=$1.995+0.484{\times}$유기물 함량(%)"의 직선 회귀식을 따랐고, 분산분석에 의한 회귀직선의 유의성 검정은 고도로 유의하게 나타났다(P < 0.001). 기존의 토양 유기물 환산계수 1.724나 1.8을 적용할 경우, 퇴비중의 유기물 함량으로부터 환산한 탄소함량은 실제보다 10% 이상 높게 평가되어 우리 나라에서 생산, 판매되는 퇴비의 탄소함량을 구할 때는 상기 회귀식을 적용하는 것이 타당하리라 생각된다.