• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1986

The structure of the collapsible soils, such as decomposed granite soil and loess, were examined by the odeometer test, SEM & XES analysis and static & cyclic triaxial test, and hove this structure have influences upon the collapsible behaviour under static and cyclic load was investigated. The study results obtained are as follows; 1. The macropores space of decomposed granite soil (rd=1.50g/cm3) and loess (rd=1.43g/cm3) used in this test were well developed, and showed the behaviour of collapsible soil. 2. Collapsible soil has high resistance on the strain under natural moisture content, however, the resistance on the strain was sharply decreased by the absorption and increasing load since its special structure was destructed. 3. Under the static load, the strain of collapsible soil was high by the viscous flow of the cyclic bonds with time lapse, but Infer the cyclic load, the strain of collapsible soil was low since the tinge needed to destruct the bonding force of clay was not enough. 4. The understanding about the cyclic behaviour of collapsible soil may be helpful to predict the elastic & residual strain of the foundations by the earthquake together with the damage by the additional failure.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.536-543
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• 2016

The installation of grounding systems is important for the safe operation of power systems, and the soil resistivity is an important design consideration for such systems. It varies markedly with the soil type, moisture content and temperature. The Jeju geological structure is formed in a multi-layered structure characteristic of volcanic areas and, and the geological ground resistance values can appear even constructed the same areas ground system different from the soil structure. In this study, a mock-up system using representative soil from Jeju was constructed to analyze the variation of the grounding resistance. The mock-up system was configured using the Gauss-Newton algorithm inversion method to analyze the model numerically using the Wenner method through the soil resistivity measurements used to create the ground model. Also, we analyzed the change in the general ground resistance characteristics of the copper rod, copper pipe, and carbon rod that are used for grounding. The variation of the grounding resistance with the hydration status was found to be $2.9[{\Omega}]$, $16.5[{\Omega}]$ and $20.1[{\Omega}]$ for the copper rod, copper pipes, and carbon rod, respectively, and the influence of the ground moisture resistance of the carbon rod was found to be the lowest with a value of $141[{\Omega}]$.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

This paper describes the results of pullout tests in the laboratory, which are conducted to assess the pullout performance of recently developed geosynthetic strip reinforcement with rounded band anchor. The geosynthetic strip can be used as reinforcements in reinforced soil wall with concrete block facing. The pullout resistance of the geosynthetic strip with rounded band anchor is mobilized by the combination of the interface friction between soil-reinforcement surface and the passive soil resistance caused by the rounded band anchor. Therefore, both the friction resistance and the passive resistance have to be considered in design. From the pullout test results, when the rounded band anchor are formed in the end part of the geosynthetic strip, pullout strength increases about from 10% to 65%. The passive resistance can be evaluated based on the pullout test results.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1981

A set of equations of a water transport model of the soil-plant system was described as an electrical circuit using the Ohm's analogy assuming that the transpirational pull be the main source of the driving force and the resistance be proportional to the inverse of the hydraulic conductivity of the catenary. The effective root resistance ($\hat{R}_{\tau}$) and the effective soil water potential ($\hat{\psi}_s$)were defined with the solution of the system; $$\hat{\psi}_s-\hat{R}_{\tau}g_{\tau}={\psi}_0$$ and the validity of the solution of the equation was demonstrated with the data obtained from a soybean field. ${\psi}_s$ and $R_{\tau}$ explained more reasonably than the average values taken so far. Therefore, the solution will describe the soil water status and the root resistance in terms of water transport in the soil-plant system.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1999

To find the latent effect of paper mill sludges (PMS) with and without alum, and alum paper mill sludge compost(PMSC) on aluminum toxicity of crops, the pH buffer capacity and the acidification resistance index (ARI) for PMSs and PMSC were investigated, comparing to upland soil. Buffer capacities of PMS with and without alum, and PMSC were significantly higher than $2.5cmol^+kg^{-1}$ of check soil as 137, 250, and $147cmol^+kg^{-1}$, respectively. Owing to such high buffer capacity of PMS and PMSC, they showed to be well-resisted to acidification.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.277-284
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• 2004

Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the sorption and desorption behaviors of PAHs (naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene) in soils. Three different soils montmorillonite KSF (foc =0.14%), masato (foc =0.08%), and diatomite (foc =0.007%) were investigated. The results of sorption-desorption experiment indicate that the sorption affinity of PAHs was in the order of montmorillonite > masato > diatomite. The Freundlich model was well fitted to the sorption and desorption data. Sorption affinity increased as loc increased. Desorption of PAHs from soils was biphasic composed of reversible and irreversible compartments. Desorption-resistance of phenanthrene in soils was also determined. The biphasic desorption model was used to explain desorption-resistance of phenanthrene in soils. The linear term represents reversible sorption fraction and Langmuinian-type term represents desorption-resistant fraction.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07c
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• pp.2064-2067
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• 2000

In our country, most region is composed of mountains and people have recently been displeased with the construction of the substations in their vicinity so the substations newly built are mainly constructed with GIS system in the small area that has high soil resistivity near mountain. Therefore, nowadays the design of substation grounding system has been difficult, and the additional considerations are needed. UC substation was also difficult to design the grounding system because of so small substation area and high soil resistivity. This paper shows the examples of reducing the grounding system resistance reasonably by using several ways. Designing the ground grid electrode in the access road, deep electric earth probe, changing the substation soil with the law level resistivity soil. This report deals with the computer simulation of the grounding system resistance about the ways illustrated above.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.299-312
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• 2013

The horizontal pullout capacity of a group of two vertical strip plate anchors, placed along the same vertical plane, in a fully cohesive soil has been computed by using the lower bound finite element limit analysis. The effect of spacing between the plate anchors on the magnitude of total group failure load ($P_{uT}$) has been evaluated. An increase of soil cohesion with depth has also been incorporated in the analysis. For a weightless medium, the total pullout resistance of the group becomes maximum corresponding to a certain optimum spacing between the anchor plates which has been found to vary generally between 0.5B and B; where B is the width of the anchor plate. As compared to a single plate anchor, the increase in the pullout resistance for a group of two anchors becomes greater at a higher embedment ratio. The effect of soil unit weight has also been analyzed. It is noted that the interference effect on the pullout resistance increases further with an increase in the unit weight of soil mass.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 1987

The objective of this study is to develop a soil hardness tester which can estimate tillage resistance with tae travelling cone-penetrometer. For the study, a series of tests was performed using the cone penetrating in the horizontal direction. Based on the tests above, soil hardness was represented by travelling cone-index vs depth of cone penetration, travelling speed and moisture contents of the soil Resistance characteristics obtained from the experiments were compared with those by a vertical cone-penetrometer and the Yamanaka's soil hardness tester. Following conclusions were made from the study. 1. 8 to 9 peaks per one meter were detected in the resistance curve of cone penetration regardless of the travelling speed of cone-penetrometer when it penetrated the soil in the horizontal direction. This phenomenon seemed to be a similar one noticed in shearing pitch of plowing. 2. Cone index increased as travelling speed increased from 0.08m/sec to 0.5m/sec. 3. Linear relationship was found between the cone indices measured by the travelling coe-penetrometer and Yamanaka's hardness tester. 4. Increasing rate of the cone indices measured by vertical cone-penetrometer decreased as the depth of soil increased while the cone indices by the travelling cone-pentrometer increased linearly.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.12
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• pp.1971-1978
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• 2016

In this paper, electrical and physical characteristics associated with the ionization growth of soil under impulse voltages in a coaxial cylindrical electrode system to simulate a horizontally-buried ground electrode were experimentally investigated. The results were summarized as follows: Transient ground resistances decreased significantly by soil ionization. The voltage-current (V-I) curves for non-ionization in soil lined up in a straight line with the nearly same slope that is the ground resistance, but they showed a 'cross-closed loop' of ${\infty}$-shape under ionization. The conventional ground resistance and equivalent soil resistivity were inversely proportional to the peak value of injected impulse currents. On the other hand, the equivalent ionization radius and time-lag to the maximum value of ionization radius were increased with increasing the incident impulse voltages. An analysis method for the transient ground resistances of the ground electrode based on the ionization phenomena was proposed. The proposed method can be applied to analyze the transient performances of grounding systems for lightning protection in power system installations.