• 제목/요약/키워드: soil resistance

검색결과 1,272건 처리시간 0.068초

가압식 돌기네일에 의해 보강된 토사 비탈면의 해석적 평가 (Analytical Evaluation on Soil Slope Reinforced by Pressure Grouted Protrusion Type Soil Nailing)

  • 홍철화;이상덕
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제33권7호
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    • pp.5-16
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    • 2017
  • 쏘일 네일링 공법은 비탈면 안정을 위해 네일의 인발 및 전단저항력을 이용하여 비탈면을 보강하는 가장 일반적인 공법이다. 국내의 쏘일 네일링 설계법은 인발저항만을 고려하고 전단저항에 대한 고려가 충분히 이루어지고 있지 않다. 네일의 경우 인장응력에 의한 효과가 지배적이나 원호파괴가 일어나는 비탈면의 경우 전단응력까지 고려하여 설계하는 것이 바람직하다. 최근 지반분야에서 네일의 전단저항 효과에 관한 연구들도 진행되고 있다. 하지만 아직까지는 쏘일 네일링의 전단보강 효과에 관한 연구는 많이 이루어지고 있지 않은 실정이다. 대부분이 네일의 재료, 형상, 시공방법 등의 개선을 통한 인발저항 증대에 관한 연구이다. 따라서 쏘일 네일링의 전단저항에 대한 연구 및 전단력을 증대시킬 수 있는 새로운 공법개발이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 이형철근 외측에 패커를 설치한 후 가압식 그라우팅을 통해 돌기를 형성함으로써 전단저항력을 증대시킬 수 있는 새로운 쏘일 네일링 공법에 대하여 대형전단시험 및 한계평형해석을 수행하였다. 연구결과 돌기네일의 전단저항력은 일반네일에 비해 향상되였으며, 강도정수가 큰 지반에 적용하였을 때 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

Functional Metagenome Mining of Soil for a Novel Gentamicin Resistance Gene

  • Im, Hyunjoo;Kim, Kyung Mo;Lee, Sang-Heon;Ryu, Choong-Min
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.521-529
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    • 2016
  • Extensive use of antibiotics over recent decades has led to bacterial resistance against antibiotics, including gentamicin, one of the most effective aminoglycosides. The emergence of resistance is problematic for hospitals, since gentamicin is an important broad-spectrum antibiotic for the control of bacterial pathogens in the clinic. Previous study to identify gentamicin resistance genes from environmental samples have been conducted using culture-dependent screening methods. To overcome these limitations, we employed a metagenome-based culture-independent protocol to identify gentamicin resistance genes. Through functional screening of metagenome libraries derived from soil samples, a fosmid clone was selected as it conferred strong gentamicin resistance. To identify a specific functioning gene conferring gentamicin resistance from a selected fosmid clone (35-40 kb), a shot-gun library was constructed and four shot-gun clones (2-3 kb) were selected. Further characterization of these clones revealed that they contained sequences similar to that of the RNA ligase, T4 rnlA that is known as a toxin gene. The overexpression of the rnlA-like gene in Escherichia coli increased gentamicin resistance, indicating that this toxin gene modulates this trait. The results of our metagenome library analysis suggest that the rnlA-like gene may represent a new class of gentamicin resistance genes in pathogenic bacteria. In addition, we demonstrate that the soil metagenome can provide an important resource for the identification of antibiotic resistance genes, which are valuable molecular targets in efforts to overcome antibiotic resistance.

Spatial interpolation of geotechnical data: A case study for Multan City, Pakistan

  • Aziz, Mubashir;Khan, Tanveer A.;Ahmed, Tauqir
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.475-488
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    • 2017
  • Geotechnical data contributes substantially to the cost of engineering projects due to increasing cost of site investigations. Existing information in the form of soil maps can save considerable time and expenses while deciding the scope and extent of site exploration for a proposed project site. This paper presents spatial interpolation of data obtained from soil investigation reports of different construction sites and development of soil maps for geotechnical characterization of Multan area using ArcGIS. The subsurface conditions of the study area have been examined in terms of soil type and standard penetration resistance. The Inverse Distance Weighting method in the Spatial Analyst extension of ArcMap10 has been employed to develop zonation maps at different depths of the study area. Each depth level has been interpolated as a surface to create zonation maps for soil type and standard penetration resistance. Correlations have been presented based on linear regression of standard penetration resistance values with depth for quick estimation of strength and stiffness of soil during preliminary planning and design stage of a proposed project in the study area. Such information helps engineers to use data derived from nearby sites or sites of similar subsoils subjected to similar geological process to build a preliminary ground model for a new site. Moreover, reliable information on geometry and engineering properties of underground layers would make projects safer and economical.

접착성 식생기반재의 침식저항능력 평가 (Evaluation of Erosion Resistance Capability with Adhesive Soil Seeding Media)

  • 성시융;신은철
    • 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.71-79
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    • 2015
  • 기존의 비탈면녹화공법인 식생기반재취부공법은 결합력의 부족이나 건조화, 유기물의 부족 등의 문제점들을 보이고 있다. 특히 비산이 심한 지역의 비탈면은 식생피복율이 현저히 떨어지고 시간이 경과함에 고사율이 증가되어 피복율이 더 저하되고 또다시 침식 및 비산이 증가하는 악순환이 이루어지고 있는 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 침식이나 비산에 저항하기 위해 친환경 토양안정재를 적용하고, 적정 배합비 결정을 위해 장기침수시험과 유수저항시험을 실시하였다. 친환경토양안정재와 기존의 녹화토기반재를 활용한 장기침수시험결과, 토양안정재의 혼합율 0%는 30시간, 2%는 40일 후 100% 붕괴가 발생되었으며, 4% 이상의 혼합비에서는 실험종료시까지 시료의 원형이 그대로 남아 있어 2% 이상의 토양안정재가 극한 조건에서도 형상을 유지하는데 영향을 줄 수 있는 혼합비임을 확인하였다. 또한, 식생기반재의 구조적 안정성을 평가하기 위해 인공강우시험을 40, 45, $55^{\circ}$ 경사비탈면에 대해 실시하였으며, 토양안정재의 혼합비 0, 4, 8%에 대해 유수저항시험을 실시하고 침식저항능력을 평가하였다. 실험결과, 토양안정재의 혼합에 따라 유실률이 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보이는 등 비산을 방지하거나 우수에 의한 침식에 저항하기 위해 적용한 친환경 토양안정재가 큰 유실감소효과를 거둘 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

쏘일네일링의 인발저항에 대한 LRFD 저항편향계수 산정 (Estimation of LRFD Resistance Bias Factors for Pullout Resistance of Soil-Nailing)

  • 손병두;임희대;박준모
    • 한국지반공학회논문집
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    • 제31권10호
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    • pp.5-16
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    • 2015
  • 본 연구에서는 국가건설기준이 한계상태설계법으로 전환됨에 따라 현재 연구기반이 미약한 쏘일네일링의 LRFD 설계법 개발의 일환으로 인발저항에 대한 저항편향계수를 분석하였다. 쏘일네일링의 설계 및 시공 기술수준 등 지역적 특성을 반영하기 위하여 국내 비탈면과 굴착공사에서 수행된 인발시험 자료를 수집하고, 지반특성, 쏘일네일의 제원, 인발시험 결과 등으로 구성된 데이터베이스를 구축하였다. 쏘일네일링의 인발저항에 대한 저항계수를 보정하기 위하여 국내에서 가장 많이 이용되며 비교적 자료수가 충분한 중력식과 가압식 그라우팅공법의 인발저항에 대한 저항편향계수를 산정하였다. 저항편향계수는 1.144~1.325으로 실제 극한인발저항력을 비교적 보수적으로 예측하고 있으며 미국의 연구사례(NCHRP Report)보다 안전측으로 설계가 이루어지고 있으나, 인발저항력에 대한 불확실성은 $COV_R$=0.27~0.43으로 비교적 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 가압식 그라우팅공법은 중력식 그라우팅공법에 비해 내재된 안전여유가 많으며, 실제 발휘되는 극한인발저항력의 불확실성이 낮은 것으로 분석되었다.

Three-dimensional numerical analysis of nonlinear phenomena of the tensile resistance of suction caissons

  • Azam, Arefi;Pooria, Ahad;Mehdi, Bayat;Mohammad, Silani
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.255-270
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    • 2023
  • One of the main parameters that affect the design of suction caisson-supported offshore structures is uplift behavior. Pull-out of suction caissons is profoundly utilized as the offshore wind turbine foundations accompany by a tensile resistance that is a function of a complex interaction between the caisson dimensions, geometry, wall roughness, soil type, load history, pull-out rate, and many other parameters. In this paper, a parametric study using a 3-D finite element model (FEM) of a single offshore suction caisson (SOSC) surrounded by saturated soil is performed to examine the effect of some key factors on the tensile resistance of the suction bucket foundation. Among the aforementioned parameters, caisson geometry and uplift loading as well as the difference between the tensile resistance and suction pressure on the behavior of the soil-foundation system including tensile capacity are investigated. For this purpose, a full model including 3-D suction caisson, soil, and soil-structure interaction (SSI) is developed in Abaqus based on the u-p formulation accounting for soil displacement (u) and pore pressure, P.The dynamic responses of foundations are compared and validated with the known results from the literature. The paper has focused on the effect of geometry change of 3-D SOSC to present the soil-structure interaction and the tensile capacity. Different 3-D caisson models such as triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, and octagonal are employed. It is observed that regardless of the caisson geometry, by increasing the uplift loading rate, the tensile resistance increases. More specifically, it is found that the resistance to pull-out of the cylinder is higher than the other geometries and this geometry is the optimum one for designing caissons.

붕괴사면보강을 위한 Soil Nailing의 적용성에 관한 연구 (Study of Soil Nailing Application as a Reinforcement Method for Slided Slope)

  • 이성철;김명학
    • 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.127-134
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    • 2000
  • Soil nailing is in-situ ground improvement technique of reinforcing soils using passive inclusions for the purpose of slope stability. Also soil nailing, in general, was used and studied as a reinforcement technique at cut slope, but this paper presents the results of study for soil nailing application as a reinforcement technique at the banking over slided slope. In-situ pull-out tests of nails, instrumented with strain gauges, were performed to investigate the maximum pull-out load and to calculate the unit side resistance in each different layer. And the apparent average unit side resistance of this study was compared with that of other sites installed at cut slope.

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Microbiological Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance and Pathgoenicity in Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion Treated Swine Manure

  • 한일;;기동원;박준홍
    • 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지하수토양환경학회 2006년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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    • pp.119-122
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    • 2006
  • In both untreated and conventionally stabilized swine manures antibiotic resistant (AR) microorganisms, Staphylococcus-like and Salmonella-like microorganisms were detected. Also pathogens with MAR phynotype were detected. Presence of such microorganisms suggest high level of pathogen-related health risk to farmers who may be in direct contact with the manure and its conventionally stabilized product In contrast the autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) treatment have efficiently reduced AR and pathogenicity from the swine manure. When soil was fertilized using swine manure and its stabilized products, despite no detection of MAR-exhibiting pathogen-like microorganisms in fertilized soil, potential pathogen-related health risk could not be ruled out from the fertilized soil since the organic fertilization led to increase in AR and pathogenicity in the soil microbial communities. As conclusion, this microbiological study demonstrated that an ATAD process is applicable in control of pathogen-related health risk in livestock manure.

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토양수분측정을 위한 센서 네트워크에 관한 연구 (A Study of Sensor Network for Soil Moisture Measurement)

  • 김기환
    • 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.239-243
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    • 2012
  • 본 논문에서는 전기 저항식 수분 측정 방식을 선택한 토양수분센서를 제안하였다. 이 방식은 토양내의 수분량에 따라 저항의 변화가 생기는 것을 전기적인 신호로 변환하여 토양수분량과의 관계를 비교하여 수분량을 측정하는 방식으로 방법이 간단하며 저렴한 비용으로 간단하게 장치를 구현하였으며, 시리얼통신을 이용하여 여러 개의 센서를 하나의 네트워크에 묶어 사용하였다. 이 센서 네트워크를 사용하여 IMS(Internet Management System)에 적용하였으며, 센서 네트워크가 웹에서도 잘 작동함을 보였다.

전류 및 전위 보조전극을 수직으로 배치하는 전위강하법을 이용한 접지저항의 측정 (Measurement of the Ground Resistance using the Fall-of-Potential Method with the Vertically-placed Current and Potential Auxiliary Electrodes)

  • 이복희;김기복;김유하
    • 조명전기설비학회논문지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.53-60
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    • 2012
  • The fall-of-potential method is commonly used in measuring the ground resistance of large-scaled grounding system and the current and potential auxiliary electrodes are horizontally arranged. Because the distances between the ground grid to be tested and auxiliary electrodes are limited in downtown areas, it is very difficult to measure accurately the ground resistance of large-scaled grounding system. In this paper, the fall-of-potential method of measuring the ground resistance with the vertically-placed current and potential auxiliary electrodes was examined and discussed. The validity and good accuracy of the proposed method of measuring the ground resistance were confirmed through various simulations and actual tests carried out in uniform and two-layer soil structures.