• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.43-45
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• 2004

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.68-76
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• 2023

Background: In the process of discussion on the possibility of using radionuclide-contaminated soil and debris generated by radiation disasters, a strategy for the proper management of radiation exposure protection while considering the source of the contaminated materials is necessary. Materials and Methods: The radiological protection criteria that are likely to be applied to the source-related approach based on the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommendations and the International Atomic Energy Agency safety standards are summarized. We proposed five interpretations of radiation protection to contribute to the promotion of discussion on the possibility of using a part of low-level-radionuclide-contaminated soil and debris in the post-accident rehabilitation. Interpretations I to III are based on the idea of "using a reference level to protect the public in post-accident rehabilitation," whereas IV and V are based on the idea of "using the dose constraint to protect the public in the post-accident rehabilitation when the sources are handled in a planned activity." The former idea is subdivided into three based on the definition of the source, which is managed by the reference level, and the latter idea is divided into two depending on whether or not additional dose from using contaminated materials is deemed acceptable. Results and Discussion: To confirm the applicability of the five interpretations presented, we suggested the concrete values of protection criteria via two feasible cases. In this case study, we proposed radiation protection by the dose constraint based on the Interpretation IV and chose 1 mSv/yr for the public and 20 mSv/yr for workers dealing with radionuclide-contaminated materials. Conclusion: We concretely and systematically demonstrated how the concept of radiation protection can be applied to the process of discussion on the possibility of using radionuclide-contaminated materials within the framework of an international system of protection. This study's findings can provide necessary information to discuss the possibility of using radionuclide-contaminated materials as an alternative option for recovery and reconstruction after a radiation disaster from the viewpoint of radiation protection.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.546-551
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to investigate soil chemical and microbiological characteristics in Yeongnam, Honam, Chungcheong and Kangwon for forest rehabilitation and management in abandoned coal mine areas. Average soil pH was 5.5 (4.2 ~ 8.1). Average contents of TOC, total N and available P2O5 were 1.1% (0.1 ~ 2.6%), 0.08% (0.02 ~ 0.14%) and 16.1 ppm (3.4 ~ 63.1 ppm), respectively. Average CEC was 3.4 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$ and total no. of bacteria1 showed $4.9{\times}10^{12}CFU\;g^{-1}$. According to areas, soil pH was the highest in Kangwon (6.1), and Yeongnam (5.7), Honam (5.3) and Chungcheong (4.7), respectively. TOC and total no. of bacteria showed no difference. Total-N was higher in order of Yeongnam (0.10%) > Chungcheong (0.08%) = Honam (0.07%) > Kangwon (0.06%), while Av. $P_2O_5$ Yeongnam (23.9 ppm) = Chungcheong (24.5 ppm) > Honam (10.9 ppm) = Kangwon (4.9 ppm). Yeongnam showed higher value in CEC (17.5 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$) than any other areas. Generally, soil characteristic of Yeongnam was better for vegetation growth than any other areas, while Kangwon was worse. According to elapsed time from forest rehabilitation, patterns of soil pH and CEC showed decrease according to time while TOC and total-N increased. There were no significant differences in Av. $P_2O_5$ and total no. of bacteria. Soil chemical characteristics in abandoned coal mine areas were disadvantageous for vegetation growth in comparison with general forest soils. Therefore, sustainable managements such as fertilization are necessary for good rooting and growth of vegetation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.55-66
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of seeding methods for quarry rehabilitation. To achieve the objective, the experiment was designed for rehabilitation of quarry with seed mixing types (woody type and herbaceous type) and forest topsoil. Seeds and seeding materials were applied to the quarry slope using hydroseeding measures. The study was conducted in limestone quarry (Lafarge Halla Cement Inc.) near Baekdu Daegan Mountain System at Okke, Kanwon-do. The experimental seedbed was set in 2007 and field investigation was carried out from 2007 to 2010. As the result of experiment, it was found that the early-phase pattern for surveyed species to establish was affected by the soil mixture types. The mixture type of herbaceous seeds resulted in the higher plant coverage than the woody seeds. The application of forest topsoil showed a potential increase the plant diversity, but it was affected by mixing seeds. Naturally-emerged species as Alnus hirsuta, Quercus mongolica will be useful for rehabilitation at the quarry and damaged slopes.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.18-26
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• 2021

Soil aggregation begins with flocculation of clay particles triggered by interfacial reactions of polyvalent cation such as Ca²⁺ and Fe³⁺, and they are also known as important elements to control the mobility of arsenic in soil environment. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of CMDS (coal mine drainage sludge) for soil loss reduction and stabilization of arsenic-contaminated soil in a 37% sloped farmland under rainfall simulation. The amount of soil loss decreased by 43% when CMDS was applied, and this result was not significantly different from the case of limestone application, which yielded 46% decrease of soil loss. However, the relative amount of dispersed clay particles in the sediment CMDS-applied soil was 10% lower than that of limestone-applied soil, suggesting CMDS is more effective than limestone in inducing soil aggregation. The concentrations of bioavailable arsenic in CMDS amended soil decreased by 46%~78%, which was lower than the amount in limestone amended soil. Therefore, CMDS can be used as an effective amendment material to reduce soil loss and stabilize arsenic in sloped farmland areas.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.686-699
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to estimate deterioration factors and weighting factors in pipe network which each local self-governments takes rehabilitation and replacement work present time. Deterioration factors in pipe network are able to effected of specific province or location related with water supply. Most of water supply pipes are laid under the ground, it is hard to quantify deterioration degree of water system. Moreover, the timing and economic limitation and insufficient information on the spot survey gives a difficulty to look over how old water supply system is. Accordingly, this study collects and analyses five data as the laying environment, visual analysis, analysis of soil contents, analysis of pipe material, and questionary survey data in water pipe of A city. The deterioration factor estimates 14 factors with excavation and experimental analysis and 9 factors without excavation and experimental analysis. Also, the weighting factors are estimated by using the multiple linear regressions and the linear programming. The estimated deterioration factor and weighting results are compared the analysis result of visual, pipe material, and soil contents with the Probabilistic Neural Network Model. Consequently, the model results of estimated 9 factors in this study and 14 factors show the 1-2% difference. The result show that the proposed model could be used to decide the deterioration condition of pipe line with real excavation and experimental analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 1973

The study was made to examine basic data for the eventual establishment of scientific terms in forestry and also propose tentatively correct terms in the soil erosion control measures in various fields of rehabilitation works. The 30 foundamental measures and 279 measures concerned with soil erosion control works are collected and arranged in sequence of gully, hillside, and sanddune erosion control measures and in order of Chinese, Korean and English respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.180-188
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• 2010

This study was carried out to evaluate the analysis of environmental change (forest resources and soil water conservation by land types) after planting for prevention of between 2003 and 2006 from the stone hazarding areas in Guizhou province, China. Mean diameter growth of the trees was highest for Melia azedarach, followed by Robinia pseudoacacia, Lonicera fulvotomentosa, Choerospondias axillaris, Cupressus duclouxiana, and Eucommia uimoides Oliv. Mean height growth of the trees was greatest for R. pseudoacacia, followed by Ilex kudincha, M. azedarach, C. duclouxiana, C. axillaris, E. uimoides Oliv, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and L. fulvotomentosa. Tree biomass was greater at the afforestation sites by 1.22-1.71 ton/ha compared to that of severely eroded mountain areas. The capacities of soil water conservation by land types were 2,790 ton/ha at latent rock desertification farmland, 2,655 ton/ha at rock desertification farmland, 1,680 ton/ha at dolomite sandstone hilly country, 1,650 ton/ha at halfstony hilly country, and 1,590 ton/ha at karst physiognomy site. Soil erosion was estimated to be 1,285 ton/$km^2$ which had been 2,178 ton/$km^2$ before afforestation. Also, we should be continuative manage after planting for prevention of the stone hazarding areas in Guizhou province, China.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.430-433
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• 2006

Damage to earth structures for roads, railways and residential areas, as well as dams and river levees, during the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu earthquake in Japan, and their rehabilitation works are overviewed. Several influential factors are pointed out, such as a) heavy rainfall preceding the earthquake, b) large aftershocks, c) geological conditions for subsoil including existence of liquefiable layers, d) compaction degrees for embankment, and e) drainage capacity from subsoil/embankments. It is also reported that, in the reconstruction works of damaged roads and railways, preferred use of geogrid-reinforced soil retaining walls was implemented.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.21-31
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• 1987

The overuse in the outdoor recreation lands has been deteriorating the natural resources and landscapes. So this study was executed to measure the users'impacts on vegetation and soil at Hwaum Temple District Campsite in the Mt. Jiri National Park, the southern part of Korea. Five sites were sampled in the study area according to the extent of impact observed. Then the users'densities and impacts on vegetation and soil were measured at each site. According to the result of this study, the numbers of species and individuals and the coverage of lower-layer vegetation showed outstanding changes by only light use. The numbers of species and individuals of middle-layer vegetation, species diversity indices, change rate in species composition of lower and middle-layer vegetation, damage rate of forces, contents of clay, soil moisture and organic matters, exchangeable base ions, soil hardness, organic matter depth and bare area of the campsite showed conspicuous changes from the site 4(19.6men / 1,000㎡). Especially, the self-repair of vegetation was impossible as the result of analysis of soil hardness and the formation of natural vegetation was expected to be difficult as the result of vegetation sturcture analysis over the users'average density of 19.6men /1,000㎡. The campsite management of this area shall be proposed as follows to prevent serious deterioration of natrual environment. A limitation of the present use and a conservation on soil and vegetation should be required at the site 4 and 5. Specially, prevention of camping recreation and artificial rehabilitation are necessary at the site 5(24. 3 men/1000㎡)