• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2005

USGA green specification is currently accepted in construction method of Korea. This study was carried out to find the factors influencing growth of turfgrass associated with soil physical properties of soil root-zone on golf green constructed with USGA method. Three putting greens in poor turfgrass and one in good turfgrass condition were selected for investigation on one golf course site at mid-South Korean peninsula. Soil hardness, moisture content, root length, and turf density were measured on-site greens, and soil physical properties and soil chemical properties also analyzed in laboratory. As a result of on-site surveys and soil physical tests in laboratory, soil physical properties were most important factors which influenced on turfgrass growth at tested greens. The results of soil particle analysis on green No. 2, in good turf condition, matched USGA sand particle recommendations. But those greens such as Nos. 1, 11 and 16, in poor putting greens, showed high soil compaction and improper soil particle distribution. Those factors created low leaf density, poor root depth, and higher moisture content compared with lower part of topsoil. Such phenomena caused inadequate turfgrass growth with soil hardening associated with poor drainage. Therefore, declines of soil physical properties associated with improper particle distribution caused a major factor influencing on turfgrass growth in golf green. Adequate test of soil particle analysis by USGA specification and proper construction method followed by adequate turf maintenance should be performed to obtain optimal turf quality on putting green.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.29-36
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• 2017

Universal soil loss equation (USLE) has been frequently employed to estimate potential soil loss in land since it was developed based on the statewide data measured and collected in the United States. The equation is an empirical model mainly used for U.S. soil, thus it has been recently modified to reflect Korean soil conditions and named as Korean Soil Loss Equation (KORSLE). The modified equation was implemented in ArcGIS software, and used for estimation of potential soil loss from 2003 to 2016 in the thirty-eight Water Protection Districts. Five out of the thirty-eight districts were identified as the area of potential soil erosion most severly. In those five districts, potential soil erosion were estimated to be more than 50 Mg/ha/year that requires site investigation under supervision of the Korean Ministry of Environment. Distinctive site characteristics were found in the potential soil loss estimation such that the districts of low potential soil loss had low five factors in the aggregate. However, if one of more factors are dominantly large, the potential soil loss significantly increased. This study provides a useful tool to identify the potential areas for soil erosion and the important factors that play an important role in the estimation process.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2006

Site index is an essential tool to estimate forest productivity. Generally, a site index equation is developed and used from the relationship between stand age and dominant tree heights. However, there is a limit to the use of the site index equation in the application of variable ages, environmental influence, and estimation of site index for the unstocked forest. Therefore, it has been attempted to develop a new site index equation based on various environmental factors including site, climate, and topographical variables. This study was conducted to develop a site index equation based on the relationship between site index and environmental factors for the species of Pinus koraiensis in Yangpyung-Gun, Gyunggi Province. The influence of climatic factors (temperature and solar irradiation ratio), topographical factors (elevation, slope, ratio of slope to valley and aspect) and soil profiles (soil depth by layer and soil consistency) on site index were evaluated by multiple regression analysis. Five environmental factors were selected in the final site index equation for Pinus koraiensis. The site index equation developed in this study was also verified by three evaluation statistics: model's estimation bias, model's precision, and mean square error of measurement. Based on the site index equation, the number of productive areas for Pinus koraiensis were estimated by applying GIS technique to digitized forest maps. In addition, the distribution of productive areas was compared with the areas of current distribution of Pinus koraiensis. It is expected that the results obtained in this study could provide valuable information about the amount and distribution of productive areas for Pinus koraiensis reforestation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2016

Recently, soil has been recognized as a crucially important resource that even can change the quality of life. Also, recent studies have gradually mentioned the importance of assessing soil impact induced by development plans and projects. In this study, after detailed soil assessement items were selected from our national environmental policies and international agreements, they were tested for the long-term dam construction planning in order to ensure more suitable implementation of strategic environment assessment(SEA). We found that soil resources can be impacted by diverse factors such as soil erosion, soil organic matters, soil moving, soil biodiversity, and others. Such detailed factors are found to be overlapped with the pervious EIA factors. Accordingly, additional studies would be required for finding out more reasonable connection between assessment factors during any SEA progress.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.247-262
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• 1996

In this study, the distribution of dictyostelid cellular slime molds was investigated from F, H and $A_1$ horizon of pinus, oak forests in Mt. Puk'an, Mt. Nam and Mt. Kwanak. The relationship of cellular slime molds with other soil microorganisms and abiotic factors were analyzed. The six species were isolated as follows: Polysphondlium pallidurn, Dictyostelium purpureum, D. mucoroides, D. crassicaule, D. capitatum, D. implicatum. The dominant species in pinus forests was P. pallidum, and in oak forests it was D. macro ides. In Mt. Nam, D. mucoroides and P. pallidum were isolated at only oak forest. The Correlations of slime mold abundance with bacteria were significant. Even though positive correlations of cellular slime molds with actinomycetes or fungi were not significant, correlations between soil microorganisms were analyzed. Correlation coefficients were high in Mt. Kwanak(r=0.5921) and Mt. Nam(r=0.7243) at significant level P<0.01. There were significant correlations between total slime molds and abiotic factors. It supports that cellular slime molds are limited by foods in nature. In low level of pH, water content and organic matter, that community diversity is more affected by bacteria whose organic degradation capacity is regulated by interactions of soil microorgaisms. Key words: Cellular slime molds, Soil microorganisms, Correlations, Abiotic factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.13-22
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to propose rational methods in order to maintain vegetation condition and soil environment based on the analysis of tree growth in relation to the soil environment, which is one of the most significant environmental factors on vegetation condition in urban parks and open spaces. The result of the study can be described as below;The soil on every study site had strong acidity. In particular, study sites around industrial district and central business district showed extreme soil acidity. Therefore, soil management system is needed in urban parks and green spaces around those areas. Among Cambium Electric Resistance classified by locations of urban parks and open spaces, one in the costal area was the lowest. The Cambium Electric Resistance in the industrial area was the highest. Therefore, soil condition and locational environment in the industrial area are highly related to the Cambium Electric Resistance. Among the factors, which affect Cambium Electric Resistance in different locations, inorganic content was found to be the main factor in all of the study sites. Inorganic content was an important factor to the Cambium Electric Resistance in study sites located in industrial and central business districts. In the study sites located in costal area, Soil acidity was found to be other important factors that affect Cambium Electric Resistance. To improve the soil acidity, soil buffering ability should be improved from activating microorganisms in the soil by using lime and organic material, Since it takes a long time to make a change in the soil structure, well planed maintenance system is required by mid-term or long-term plans.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.55-69
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• 2016

RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) is the empirical formular widely used to estimate rates of soil erosion caused by rainfall and associated overland flow. Among the factors considered in RUSLE, rainfall erosivity factor (R factor) is the major one derived by rainfall intensity and characteristics of rainfall event. There has been developed various methods to estimate R factor, such as energy based methods considering physical schemes of soil erosion and simple methods using the empirical relationship between soil erosion and annual total rainfall. This study is aimed to quantitatively evaluate the variation among the R factors estimated using different methods for South Korea. Station based observation (minutely rainfall data) were collected for 72 stations to investigate the characteristics of rainfall events over the country and similarity and differentness of R factors calculated by each method were compared in various ways. As results use of simple methods generally provided greater R factors comparing to those for energy based methods by 76 % on average and also overestimated the range of factors using different equations. The variation coefficient of annual R factors was calculated as 0.27 on average and the results significantly varied by the stations. Additionally the study demonstrated the rank of methods that would provide exclusive results comparing to others for each station. As it is difficult to find universal way to estimate R factors for specific regions, the efforts to validate and integrate various methods are required to improve the applicability and accuracy of soil erosion estimation.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

The programmable logic array to match the treatment technology to the soil contaminated site based on the site properties in Korea was developed. Based on the previous technology screening system of FRTR (Federal Remediation Technology Roundtable) in USA, total 9 evaluation factors indicating the site characteristics were used for the technology matching process and 8 factors among them were quantitatively weighed in the order of importance. The class interval for each evaluation factor was linearly distributed to give the weighed score and 8 scores were summed up to prioritize the treatment technology. The optimal treatment technology for a specific site was determined according to the total score acquired from 8 evaluation factors used in this technology matching process. The reliability test for the developed technology matching system was done by using information of two real cleanup sites in Korea, suggesting that this guideline will be available to determine the most effective treatment technology to cleanup the soil contaminated site and also to assist the government or the company to design a successful and cost-effective site cleanup plan in Korea.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.90-95
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to seek out the harrow water requirement applicable for the irrigation plan of paddy field and to find out the factors influenced on a variation in the requirement. The plots of experiment were arranged with randomized block design which was compo- sed of three kinds of soil texture (sandy loam, loam and silty loam) and ploughing depth (12cm, 17cm, and 22cm). The results obtained from this experimental study are summarized as follows. 1. Harrow water reguirement is not only changed by soil texture, but influenced by soil water content just before irrigating 2. Magnitude of total harrow water reguirement appli(able for the irrigation plan, when surface water depth and the water content just before irrigating is fixed on the basis of 30 mm and a shrinkage limit respectively, generally becomes to be 177.5mm, 116.3mm and 113. 8mm in the sandy loam, loam amd silty loam block, respectively. 3. The more a percolation of soil layer occurs, the more the harrow water requirement increases, but it is not much influenced by the increase in ploughing depth. 4. The larger a porosity of soil layer is, the more a net harrow requirement increases 5. The factors that influence on a variation in the harrow water requirement are appea- red to be percolation of soil layer, soil water content just before irrigating, porosity of soil layer, ploughing depth and designed surface water depth etc.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to develop a strength prediction model using a polynomial regression analysis based on the experimental results obtained from ninety samples. As the results of a correlation analysis between various mixing factors and unconfined compressive strength using SPSS (statistical package for the social sciences), the governing factors in the strength of lightweight soil were found to be the crumb rubber content, bottom ash content,and water-cement ratio. After selecting the governing factors affecting the strength through the correlation analysis, a strength prediction model, which consisted of the selected governing factors, was developed using the polynomial regression analysis. The strengths calculated from the proposed model were similar to those resulting from laboratory tests (R2=87.5%). Therefore, the proposed model can be used to predict the strength of lightweight mixtures with various mixing ratios without time-consuming experimental tests.