• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.181-193
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• 2016

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of carbonized rice hull (CRH) application on soil carbon storage and $N_2O$ emissions from upland soil. It was used at different rates of 0, 5, 10 and $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$. During the Chinese cabbage cultivation, several soil chemical characteristics such as soil moisture, temperature and soil carbon were observed. Also, $CO_2$ and $N_2O$ emissions were monitored. Soil organic matter contents slightly increased with carbonized rice hull applied in all the treatments. The soil carbon contents with application rate of 0, 5, 10 and $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$ were 0, 1.3, 1.2 and $2.6g\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. It was observed that soil carbon content was higher with increasing CRH application rate. Total nitrogen contents of soil applied with CRH relatively decreased with the course of time. However, $NO_3$-N contents in the soil with CRH application rate of 5, 10 and $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$ were 28.6, 25.7 and $21.5mg\;kg^{-1}$ at the end of experiment, respectively. $CO_2$ emission at the $5Mg\;ha^{-1}$ application of CRH was higher about 18.9% than non-treatment, whereas those of $10Mg\;ha^{-1}$ and $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$ treatment were lower 14.4% and 11.8% compared to non-treatment, respectively. Also, it was shown that $N_2O$ emission reduced by 19.9, 28.3 and 54.0% when CRH was applied at 5, 10 and $5Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2013

Fertilizer management has the potential to promote the storage of carbon and nitrogen in agricultural soils and thus may contribute to crop sustainability and mitigation of global warming. In this study, the effects of fertilizer practices [no fertilizer (Control), chemical fertilizer (NPK), Compost, and chemical fertilizer plus compost] on soil total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in inner soil profiles of paddy soil at 0-60 cm depth were examined by using long-term field experimental site at $42^{nd}$ years after installation. TC and TN concentrations of the treatments which included N input (NPK, Compost, NPK+Compost) in plow layer (0-15 cm) ranged from 19.0 to 26.4 g $kg^{-1}$ and 2.15 to 2.53 g $kg^{-1}$, respectively. Compared with control treatment, SOC (soil organic C) and TN concentrations were increased by 24.1 and 31.0%, 57.6 and 49.7%, and 72.2 and 54.5% for NPK, Compost, and NPK+Compost, respectively. However, long term fertilization significantly influenced TC concentration and pools to 30 cm depth. TC and TN pools for NPK, Compost, NPK+Compost in 0-30 cm depth ranged from 44.8 to 56.8 Mg $ha^{-1}$ and 5.78 to 6.49 Mg $ha^{-1}$, respectively. TC and TN pools were greater by 10.5 and 21.4%, 30.3 and 29.6%, and 39.9 and 36.3% in N input treatments (NPK, Compost, NPK+Compost) than in control treatment. These resulted from the formation and stability of aggregate in paddy soil with continuous mono rice cultivation. Therefore, fertilization practice could contribute to the storage of C and N in paddy soil, especially, organic amendments with chemical fertilizers may be alternative practices to sequester carbon and nitrogen in agricultural soil.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2022

도시 공원지역의 토양 탄소저장량을 평가하기 위해 경상남도 진주시 하대공원(1977년 조성), 송림공원(1990년 조성), 평거공원(1992년 조성), 초전공원(2005년 조성) 등을 대상으로 0~30cm 깊이의 토양 성질 및 토양 탄소 저장량을 조사하였다. 토양 용적밀도는 공원 간 차이가 없었으나 석력함량, 토양 pH, 토양 전기전도도 등은 가장 최근에 조성된 초전공원이 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 토양 탄소 농도는 조사한 모든 깊이에서 조성연도가 가장 오래되고 미사함량이 높았던 하대공원이 평거공원에 비해 높은 농도를 보였다. 토양 0~30cm 깊이의 평균 탄소 농도는 하대공원 1.04%, 초전공원 0.87%, 송림공원 0.75%, 평거공원 0.57%이었다. 토양 탄소저장량은 0~10cm 깊이의 경우 공원 간 차이가 없었으나, 10~20cm와 20~30cm 깊이는 하대공원이 타 공원에 비해 높은 저장량을 보였다. 총 탄소저장량은 하대공원이 28,425 kg C ha^-1으로 송림공원의 20,561 kg C ha^-1이나 평거공원 15,622 kg C ha^-1에 비해 높았다. 평균 토양 탄소 농도 및 탄소 저장량은 미사함량과 정의 상관을 모래함량과는 부의 상관을 보였다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 진주시의 공원지역의 탄소저장량의 증가는 조성연도나 토양 내 미사함량과 관련이 있을 가능성을 시사한다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.14-23
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the effects of three land uses on soil properties in two soil layers; surface soil (0~15 cm) and subsoil (15~30 cm). Soil samples were collected from planted forest, barren lands and cultivated lands from different areas in Chittagong Cox's Bazar and analyzed for some physical and chemical properties. Results showed that soil textural class varied from sandy clay loam in planted forest and barren land site to sandy loam in cultivated soils. Maximum water holding capacity was higher in forest followed by barren land and the lowest in cultivated lands. At both soil depths, soils of cultivated land showed the highest values of bulk density (1.42 to $1.50g\;cm^{-3}$), followed by barren lands (1.37 to $1.46g\;cm^{-3}$) and the least (1.32 to $1.45g\;cm^{-3}$) in forest soils. Total porosity decreased with depth ranging from 40.24% to 41.53% in subsoils and from 42.04 to 43.23% in surface soil of cultivated and of planted forest sites respectively. The result further revealed that organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents were higher in the planted forest soil than in other two land uses. The soils of all land uses under study are acidic in nature and the lowest pH was found in both surface and subsoils of barren land. Cultivated soil contained the highest amount of available P, Ca, Mg and K in both surface soil and subsoils. In contrast, barren site had the lowest contents of available P, Ca, Mg and K in both layers. The soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N storage were higher in planted forest than in barren and cultivated land uses.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.281-285
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• 2007

We conducted research to determine the effects of forest tending works (FTW) on forest carbon (C) storage in Korean red pine forests by estimating changes in the quantity and distribution of stored organic C in an approximately 40-year-old red pine stand after FTW. We measured organic C storage (above- and belowground biomass C, forest floor C, and soil C at 50 cm depth) in the Hwangmaesan Soopkakkugi model forest in Sancheonggun, Gyeongsangnam-do before and after the forest was thinned from a density of 908 trees/ha to 367 trees/ha. The total C stored in tree biomass was 69.5 Mg C/ha before FTW and 38.6 Mg C/ha after FTW. The change in total C storage in tree biomass primarily resulted from the loss of 19.9 Mg C/ha stored in stem biomass after FTW. The total C pool in this red pine stand was 276 Mg C/ha before FTW and 245.1 Mg C/ha after FTW. Prior to FTW, 71.5% of the total C pool was stored in mineral soil, 25.2% in tree biomass, and 3.3% in the forest floor, where as after FTW 80.5% of the total C pool was stored in mineral soil, 15.7% in tree biomass and 3.7% in the forest floor. These results suggest that the development of site-specific tending techniques may be required to minimize the loss of tree biomass C storage capacity in red pine stands from FTW.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 1999

본 연구는 춘천시의 도심지와 자연지 토양을 표본추출하여 그것의 물리화학적 특성과 탄소저장량을 비교 분석하였다. 토양산도는 도심지에서 평균 6.6, 자연지에서는 그보다 낮은 5.0이었고, 따라서 치환성양이온도 자연지에서 약간 더 낮았다. 유기물함량과 양이온치환능은 자연지에서 도심지보다 각각 1.4배, 1.7배 높은 반면, 유효태인산은 도심지에서 약 3.2배 높았다. 유기탄소저장량은 도심지 평균 $24.8{\pm}1.6$(표준오차) t/ha, 자연지 $31.6{\pm}1.6t/ha$로서, 자연지가 도심지보다 약 1.3배 더 많았다. 수목의 낙엽, 낙지 및 낙근에 의한 연간 탄소유입량에서 분해에 의한 연간 탄소유출량을 제감한 자연지 토양내 단위면적당 연간 탄소축적량은 1.3 t/ha/yr이었다. 춘천시 토양에 저장된 총탄소량은 연간탄소배출량 (245,590 t/yr)의 약 31%에 해당하였다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.417-425
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• 2023

생태계는 탄소순환에 있어 매우 중요한 탄소 저장고이다. 기후변화가 점점 심화됨에 따라, 생태계의 이러한 기능을 활용하여 기후변화를 완화하려는 노력들이 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 생태계를 대상으로 생태계 유형(산림, 농경지, 습지, 초지, 정주지) 및 탄소저장고별(지상부·지하부 생체량, 고사목, 낙엽, 토양유기탄소 및 생태계 전체) 탄소 저장 및 거동과 관련된 연구를 목록화 하고 분석하였다. 또한, 선행연구 결과를 모아 각 생태계 유형과 탄소저장고를 대상으로 탄소 저장 및 거동량의 평균값을 산정하였다. 그 결과, 대부분의(66%) 국내 탄소 저장·거동 관련 연구가 산림에서 수행된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 산림에서 수행된 연구 결과를 토대로 탄소저장고별 저장량을 분석한 결과, 식생의 지상부(4,166.66gC m^-2)와 지하부(3,880.95gC m^-2)와 토양(4,203.16gC m^-2)에 많은 양의 탄소가 저장되어 있는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 산림 지하부에 많은 탄소가 저장되어 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 다른 생태계 유형의 경우, 데이터의 제한으로 탄소저장고별 저장·거동량은 확인이 불가능하였다. 다만, 토양유기탄소 저장의 경우 산림과 초지의 데이터가 비교 가능하였는데, 두 생태계가 상대적으로 비슷한 탄소의 양을 저장하고 있는 것으로 나타났다(각각 4,203.16 gC m^-2, 4,023.23 gC m^-2). 본 연구를 통하여, 상대적으로 다양한 생태계 유형에서의 탄소 연구가 필요함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.12-23
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• 2018

Quantitative information on biomass and available nutrients are essential for developing sustainable forest management strategies to regulate atmospheric carbon. An attempt was made at Chilapatta Reserve Forest in Duars region of West Bengal to quantify its above and below ground carbon along with available "N", "P" and "K" in the soil. Stratified random nested quadrats were marked for soil, biomass and litter sampling. Indirect or non-destructive procedures were employed for biomass estimation. The amount of these available nutrients and organic carbon quantified in soil indicates that the forest soil is high in organic carbon and available "K" and medium in phosphorus and nitrogen. The biomass, soil carbon and total carbon (soil C＋C in plant biomass) in the forest was 1,995.98, 75.83 and $973.65Mg\;ha^{-1}$. More than 90% of the carbon accumulated in the forest was contributed by the trees. The annual litter production of the forest was $5.37Mg\;ha^{-1}$. Carbon accumulation is intricately linked with site quality factors. The estimated biomass of $1,995.98Mg{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ clearly indicates this. The site quality factor i.e. tropical moist deciduous with optimum availability of soil nutrients, heavy precipitation, high mean monthly relative humidity and optimum temperature range supported luxuriant growth which was realized as higher biomass accumulation and hence higher carbon accumulated.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2020

본 연구는 토양의 탄소저장 능력과 관련하여 유기 및 관행 재배에 따른 차이를 비교분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 예측된 토양탄소 저장량에 대한 경제적 가치를 평가하고자 2018년 3월부터 5월 사이에 수행하였다. 전국 6개 지역에서 107개의 유기 및 관행 벼 재배토양을 분석한 결과 부여-I 지역을 제외하고, 나머지 5개 지역(부여-II, 김해, 산청-I, II, 순천)은 유기토양의 탄소 함량이 관행토양 탄소함량보다 높게 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 토양탄소 저장량을 분석한 결과, 유기토양(36.1 MgC ha^-1)이 관행토양(29.4 MgC ha^-1)보다 약 23 % 많은 토양탄소를 저장한 것으로 나타났다. KOSIS (KOrea Statistical Information Service)의 탄소배출권 가격으로 추정한 유기 및 관행 재배의 단위 면적당 토양탄소 저장량에 대한 경제적 가치는 유기토양 758,100원 ha^-1과 관행토양 617,400원 ha^-1으로 나타났고, 우리나라 전체 논토양의 탄소저장량 가치는 5,281억 원이며, 이 중 친환경논토양의 가치는 367억 원, 관행논토양의 가치는 4,914억 원으로 추정되었다. 우리나라 전체 논토양의 5.7 %인 친환경논토양의 면적을 확대하는 것이 전체 논토양의 탄소저장량 가치를 향상시키는데 효과적이라 판단된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2022

Background: To assess the carbon sequestration capacity and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of Quercus glauca forests, we analyzed the net primary productivity (NPP), carbon storage, and carbon emission of soil in a Q. glauca forest on Jeju Island (South Korea) from 2016 to 2018. Results: The average carbon stock in the above- and below-ground plant biomass was 223.7 Mg C ha^-1, while the average amount of organic carbon fixed by photosynthesis was 9.8 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1, and the average NPP was 9.6 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1. Stems and branches contributed to the majority of the above- and below-ground standing biomass and NPP. The average heterotrophic carbon emission from the soil was 8.7 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1, while the average NEP was 1.1 Mg C ha^-1 yr^-1. Although the carbon stock, carbon absorption, and soil respiration values were higher than those reported in other oak forests in the world, the NEP was similar or lower. Conclusions: These results indicator that Q. glauca forests perform the role of a large carbon sink through the CO₂ absorption in the plants in terms of carbon balance. And it is judged to be helpful as data for assessment of carbon storage and flux in the forests and mitigation of elevated CO₂ in the atmosphere.