• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2003

This research was conducted to investigate the influences of the solifluction soil and amount of flow on the stream water quality of the Bukhansan National Park from March to october, 2002. The average pH of stream water was higher than that caused by solifluction soil. The average electrical conductivity of upstream water was about 2.1~2.8 times lower than that of downstream water. Linear regression analysis showed that pH and amount of anion($Cl^-$, ${NO_3}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$) of stream water were very significantly correlated with those at the caused by solifluction soil. Structures for erosion control along both sides of stream channel should be designed in order not to influence upon solifluction soil and stream water quality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2002

This research was conducted to investigate the influences caused by solifluction soil on the physicochemistry of stream water quality at the riparian area four points in the northeastern part of the Bughansan National Park from March to May of 2001. The average pH of stream water was higher than those in the caused by solifluction soil. The average electrical conductivity of upstream water was about 0.8~1.7 times lower than those in the caused by solifluction soil, but the average electrical conductivity of downstream water was about 1.6~3.8 times higher than those in the caused by solifluction soil. Therefore, these results showed that the water quality of downstream was worse than that of upstream. Twelve factors including the physicochemistry on the stream water and caused by solifluction soil were analyzed by spss/pc+ for the data collected from during March to May of 2001. pH of stream water was very significantly correlated with pH and electrical conductivity at the caused by solifluction soil. And the electrical conductivity of stream water was very significantly correlated with electrical conductivity and the amount of cation($Na^+$, ${NH_4}^+$, $Mg^{2+}$) at the caused by solifluction soil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2007

This study aims to clarify the effect of forest management practices(thinning and pruning) on soil physical properties and water quality to get the fundamental information on the facility of purifying water quality after forestry practices. Rainfall, throughfall, stemflow, soil and stream water were sampled at the study site which consists of Pinus rigida in Jinju National University Experimental Forest for 4 years from Mar. 1, 2002 to Nov. 30, 2006. Averaged tree height of the management site increased by 1.6m, compared to the value of the non-management site in Pinus rigida. Increment of averaged D. B. H. at the management site showed 4.2cm more in Pinus rigida compared with that at non-management sites. Mesopore ratios (pF2.7) and total porosities of A layer soil at the management site increased more than those at the non-management sites in both stands. Otherwise, soil bulk density resulted in being reversely. Water qualities of throughfall, stemflow and buffered soil water were influenced more positively by the management practice. The average electrical conductivity of stream water was $32.9{\mu}S/cm$ within the range of non-polluted stream water.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.91-102
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• 1996

Monitoring techniques for afro-ecological environments were studied, Hydrologic and ecological components in conjunction with water quality were monitored in the Balkan watershed. The hydrologic monitoring program consists of four water level gauging stations along creeks and stream at the watershed having 26.5 km2. Stage - storage relationship of reservoir, rainfall amount of the watershed, and rating curve of the stream gauging stations were established. Soil type, land use, hydrologic soil group, population and economic activities within the watershed were surveyed. Water quality data from the streams were sampled weekly and chemical analysis was conducted. Temporal variations of water quality were investigated and water quality map of each reach of stream was made to identify spatial variations. Seasonal and spatial variations of vegetation densities along stream in the watershed were investigated using grid, Density variations of insect species such as arthropod, flying insect, spider spices, rice insects were also monitored to determine seansonal surveying density. These monitored data will be used to develop monitoring techi%ues and afro - ecological environment models.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.8-18
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• 2002

This research was conducted to establish the conservation strategy of stream water quality by analyzing the factors influenced on stream water quality in the northeastern part of Mt. Bughansan National Park from July 1998 to October 2001. The number of visitors resulted in the significant increase of electrical conductivity, which affected on pollution of the stream water quality. According to the multiple regression analysis, the pH of the stream water was related to dissolved oxygen and temperature of water at the 1% significant level. The electrical conductivity of the stream water was related to number of visitors, amount of $K^+$ and ${NO_3}^-$, total amount of ions, percentages of $Cl^-$ and $Na^+$ caused by solifluction soil at the 1% significant level. The anions($Cl^-$, ${NO_3}^-$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$) of the stream water were related to number of visitors, electrical conductivity, air temperature, hardness, amount of ${NO_3}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, total ions, percentage of $Cl^-$, ${NO_3}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$, amount of $Ca^{2+}$ caused by solifluction soil at the 1% significant level. To prevent the pollution of stream water in the northeastern part of Mt. Bughansan National Park, it is recommended that the number of visitors in the park should be managed and rehabilitated rapidly by measure to eco-friendly during the spring season.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.2 s.103
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• pp.200-207
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• 2003

This research was conducted to investigate the influences caused by solifluction soil on the physicochemistry of stream water quality in the riparian area: four points of the northeastern side slopes part of the Bughansan National Park from March to May of 2002. The average pH of stream water was relatively high with the influenced of solifluction soil. The average electrical conductivity of upstream water was 2.1${\sim}$2.8 times lower than that in downstream water. pH and amount of anion ($Cl^-,\;N0_3\;^-, So_4\;^{2-}$) of stream water was correlated under the effect of solifluction soil.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.422-425
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• 2004

To understand runoff Phenomena in Jeju island, some streams are monitored automatically about stream stage, and water quality in Jeju Provincial Water Resources Management Office. Rating curves for stream discharge are reviewed. Stream stages respond very quick to some rainfall events, and parameters influencing runoff phenomena such as landuse, soil condition, preconditoned rainfall, and vegetables will be studied. A few thousand to ten thousand ml/day are estimated from 6 permanent streams in Jeju island.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.85-98
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• 2003

There has recently been an increasing interest of the watershed management as a solution to a wide range of problems related water environment, therefore this study attempted to construct the environment information system to monitor the Geumho River watershed, and to evaluate the impacts of the watershed characteristics on stream water quality. A detailed GIS database to analyze the environmental characteristics at the subwatershed units, including 1:25,000 scale topographical maps, detailed soil maps, land use, 10m-resolution DEMs, roads, streams, vegetation index(NDVI) calculated from Landsat TM imagery, rainfall, and soil loss using RUSLE, is compiled for the study area. The set of variables representing watershed urbanization or industrialization, residential and commercial landuse, industrial landuse, and road area have significantly negative(-) relationship with water quality variables(BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P). On the other hand, watershed indicators related to natural environmental conditions, forest cover and vegetation index(NDVI) in each subwatershed were significantly positive(+) relationship with water quality. Three other variables, agricultural landuse, amount of fertilizer and pesticides, and potential soil loss, were not significant in explaining the correlations between watershed environment and stream water quality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.4
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• pp.571-577
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• 2013

This study was carried out to establish the construction guidelines of soil erosion control structures for a restoration of mountain stream with analysis of water quality around constructed soil erosion control structures in mountain streams. Water pH of the Uidong valleys in Bukhansan (Mt.) was similar between the constructed soil erosion control structures of lower stream areas [pH 6.53(6.25~6.82)] and the non-constructed areas of upper stream areas [pH 6.32(5.73~6.90)]. Mean concentration of dissolved oxygen was also similar between the constructed soil erosion control structures of lower steam areas [10.2 mg/L(9.9~10.4 mg/L)] and the non-constructed areas of upper stream areas [10.3 mg/L (9.6~10.6 mg/L)]. Mean electric conductivity was similar between the lower [$63.9{\mu}S/cm$ ($32.6{\sim}120.4{\mu}S/cm$)]a nd the upper stream areas [$62.2{\mu}S/cm$ ($40.3{\sim}89.5{\mu}S/cm$)]. Mean concentration of anions was also similar between the lower [15.94 mg/L (3.43~7.98 mg/L)] and the upper stream areas [14.51 mg/L (2.56~4.29 mg/L)]. Water pH of the Honggei valleys in Sancheong-gun was similar between the lower [pH 6.86(6.50~7.10)] and the upper stream areas [pH 6.89(6.61~7.12)]. Mean concentration of dissolved oxygen was also similar between the lower [11.9 mg/L(11.5~12.3 mg/L)] and the upper stream areas [12.2 mg/L (11.6~12.6 mg/L)]. Mean electric conductivity was similar between the lower [$633.4{\mu}S/cm$ ($31.6{\sim}34.6{\mu}S/cm$)] and the upper stream areas [$32.7{\mu}S/cm$ ($31.4{\sim}34.3{\mu}S/cm$)]. Mean concentration of anion was also similar to both stream areas [1.0 mg/L (0.1~2.2 mg/L)]. Water quality in the Uidong and the Honggei valleys was not significantly different between the constructed soil erosion control structures of lower stream areas and the non-constructed areas of upper stream areas. It will be needed to study the time-series analysis of water quality before and after the construction of soil erosion control structure the restoration of mountain streams because the water quality in mountain streams could be affected during the construction processes of structures.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2002

A study was conducted to investigate the seasonal changes in water quality of watershed in the Agricultural Environment Promotion Zone. Samples collected were 12 GW (ground water), 2 IW (irrigation water), 2 SW (stream water) in An-Dong City, 4 GW, 6 IW, 11 SW in Young-Yang Gun, and sampling was conducted separately during dry and rainy season. In the ground water, EC and ionic species, except pH, were higher than those in stream water, and especially $NO_3-N$ concentration exceeded the limitation of drinking water. Concentration of ions decreased as the sampling depth was far from the soil surface. During a rainy season, the concentrations of $NO_3-N$ and K in the stream water were slightly higher than those during season. COD was lower during dry season in Yong-Yang, while the trend was contrasted to An-Dong. These results suggest that ground water was polluted by fertilization and compost while streamwater was polluted by loss of soil and organic during the rainy season. Principal chemical components related with changing water quality were EC, $NO_3^-$, Ca, Mg, Na, $Cl^-$, $Cl^-$, $SO_4^-$ in ground water, whereas $NH_4-N$, K, Mg, $Cl^-$, $SO_4^-$ in stream water.