• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2013

This study estimated stabilization efficiency of As and heavy metal contaminated agricultural soil in abandoned mine through pot experiment. Also contaminants uptake of plant (lettuce) was compared as function of amendment (limestone, steelmaking slag and the mixture of these) addition. In soil solution analysis, concentration of contaminants in soil solutions which added limestone or steelmaking slag were lower than that of the mixture. Especially in As analysis, concentration with 5% (wt) addition of steelmaking slag showed the lowest value among those with other amendments. This seems that As stabilization happens through Fe adsorption during precipitation of Fe by pH increasing. Leachability of As in stabilized soil by TCLP was represented similar result with soil solution analysis. However leachability of heavy metals in stabilized soil was similar with that of non-stabilized soil due to dissolution of alkali precipitant by weak acid. Contaminants uptake rate by plant was also lower when limestone or steelmaking slag was used. However this study revealed that concentration of contaminants in soil solution didn't affect to the uptake rate of plant directly. Because lower $R^2$ (coefficient of determination) was represented in linear regression analysis between soil solution and plant.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.258-268
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• 1975

유기폐물을 다량으로 배출하는 산업중에서 대표적인 제지·펄프공업, 식품공업을 선택하여 고형유기폐물과 폐수처리오니의 합리적인 자원화 방법으로서 이들물질의 비료적 가치 및 humus원으로서의 개발가치를 중심으로 이들 물질의 물리적 및 화학적 특성을 조사한 결과이다. 제지${\cdot}$펄프공업 유기고형폐물은 비료성분이 적고 lignin 함량이 높아 비료로서 보다는 humus화하여 토양개량제로서 개발하는 것이 합리적이다. 제혁공업 폐수처리오니는 비료로서 효과도 기대되어 산성토양 개량효과도 기대되나 다량으로 함유한 Cr 으로 인해 오염효과가 문제가 된다. 식품공업의 고형 유기폐물 또는 폐수처리오니는 비료로서 또는 미량요소 공급원으로서 가치가 인정되며 수용성 당류의 량이 높거나 C/N율이 20이하로 낮은 물질은 속성 humus화를 위한 첨가 재료로서의 가치도 인정된다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2020

Use of nanoparticles (NPs) in several commercial products has led to emergence of novel contaminants of air, soil and water bodies. The NPs may exhibit greater ecotoxicity due to nano-scale dependent properties over their bulk counterparts. The present investigation explores the effect of in vitro supplementation of TiO₂, silica and silver NPs on radial growth and ultrastructural changes in the hyphae and spores of two mushroom genera, Ganoderma lucidum and Volvariella volvaceae. A concentration dependent decrease in radial growth on NP amended potato dextrose agar medium was recorded. However, in comparison to control, there was decrease in radial diameter on supplementation with TiO₂ NPs while an increase was recorded for silica and silver NPs amendments as compared to their bulk salts at same concentrations after 48 h of incubation. Optical microscopy studies showed decrease in the number of spores while increase in spore diameter and thinning of hyphal diameter on NPs supplementation. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of fungal growth showed presence of deflated and oblong spores in two fruiting strains of Ganoderma while Volvariella exhibited decreased sporulation. Further, hyphal thinning and branching was recorded in response to NP amendments in both the test mushrooms. Enhancement of protein content was observed on NP compared to bulk supplementation for all cultures, concentrations and hours of incubation except for TiO₂ NPs. Likewise, bulk and NP supplementations (at 100 mg L^-1) resulted in enhanced laccase activity with occurrence of laccase specific protein bands on SDS-PAGE analysis.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.510-516
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• 2011

Salt-affected soils are present in Pakistan in significant quantity. This experiment was conducted to assess the effectiveness of compost for reclamation and compare its efficiency with gypsum. For this purpose, various combinations of compost and gypsum were used to evaluate their efficacy for reclamation. A saline-sodic field having $pH_s$ 8.90, $EC_e$ $5.94dS\;m^{-1}$ and SAR $34.5(mmol\;L^{-1})^{1/2}$, SP (saturation percentage) 42.29% and texture Sandy clay loam, gypsum requirement (GR) $8.75Mg\;ha^{-1}$ was selected for this study. The experiment comprised of seven treatments (control, gypsum alone, compost alone and different combinations of compost and gypsum based on soil gypsum requirements). Inorganic and organic amendments (gypsum and compost) were applied to a saline sodic soil. Rice and wheat crops were grown. Soil samples were collected from each treatment after the harvest of both crops and analyzed for chemical properties (electrical conductivity, soil reaction and sodium adsorption ratio) and fertility status (organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium contents) of soil. Results of this study revealed that compost and gypsum improved chemical properties (electrical conductivity, soil reaction and sodium adsorption ratio) of saline sodic soil to the desired levels. Similarly, all parameters of soil fertility like organic matter, available phosphorus and potassium contents were built up with the application of compost and gypsum.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2018

Mobility reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was tested by amending monopotassium phosphate (MKP) and montmorillonite to a firing range soil contaminated with TNT. While addition of MKP enhanced sorption of TNT on soil matrix, and combined use of MKP with montmorillonite significantly decreased desorption of TNT as well as remarkably increased the TNT sorption. Montmorillonite amendment by 5% of soil mass resulted in TNT desorption of 0.12 mg/kg from soil loaded with 9.93 mg/kg-TNT. The decrease of TNT desorption was proportional to the amount of montmorillonite amended. At 10 and 15% amendment, only 0.79 and 1.23 mg/kg-TNT was desorbed from 29.33 and 48.80 mg/kg-TNT. In addition, the leaching of TNT with synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and hydroxypropyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HPCD) decreased, indicating that TNT in MKP/montmorillonite-treated soil became more stable and less leachable. The results demonstrate that addition of MKP and montmorillonite to TNT-contaminated soil reduces the mobility of TNT from soil not only by increasing TNT sorption, but also decreasing TNT desorption. It was found that MKP and montmorillonite amendments by 5 and 10% of soil mass, respectively, were optimal for reducing the mobility of soil TNT.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.138-142
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• 2003

Soil amendments with oriental herbal medicines such as fruit of Anethum graveolens, flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum, rhizome of Cnidium officinale, rhizome of Coptis chinensis, root bark of Paeonia suffructicosa, stem bark of phellodendron amurense, and stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia at the rate of 0.2％ (weight by volume of soil) significantly reduced Meloidogyne incognita infection (root gall formation) of tomato seedlings compared with the control. The most effective treatments were root bark of p. suffructicosa and stem bark of C. cassia as they gave minimum numbers of galls on tomato roots (4.7% and 8.9%, respectively, relative to control) as compared to other treatments. Another study with root bark of p. suffructicosa and C. cassia at different application doses also showed consistent results in reducing gall number. The control efficacy decreased as the application doses were lower-ed, indicating their dose-dependent control activities. These treatments significantly enhanced aboveground plant growths (total masses).

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.819-835
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• 2009

In order to investigate the field application of selected stabilization methods(cover soil method, surface and total interval treatment of embankment method) on rice paddies contaminated by heavy metals, column test was carried out with heavy metal-contaminated soils collected from rice paddies around abandoned mine site. Columns were made by acrylic and filled with untreated soil, treated soil mixed with amendments(lime stone and steel refining slag) and uncontaminated cover soil according to the design report. Distilled water was discharged into the columns with the velocity of 1 pore volume/day. During test, pH, EC, and heavy metal concentration were measured in the regular term. The column test result showed that the selected stabilization methods were effective remediation method to stabilize heavy metals in paddy soils, but it was also expected that application of surface treatment methods was required the careful observation on pH variation due to the lowest increment.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2014

본 연구는 아메리카동애등에분변토(soldier fly casts; SFC)의 단점을 개량하기 위해 코코피트(cocopeat; Coco)와 혼합된 토양개량제의 골프장 토양개량제로서의 사용가능성을 평가하기 위해 모래와 혼합비율 별 물리화학성을 조사하였다. 토양개량제는 SFC, Coco, 25% SFC+75% Coco(Mix1), 50% SFC+50% Coco (Mix2) 및 75% SFC+25% Coco (Mix3)이었고, 각각 3%, 5%, 7% 및 10% 씩 혼합되어 모래상토를 조성하였다. SFC, Mix1, Mix2 및 Mix3는 토양 pH와 EC에서 고도의 상관성(P<0.01)을 나타내어 토양개량제의 혼합에 의해 모래상토의 토양화학성에 영향을 주었다. SFC, Coco, Mix1, Mix2 및 Mix3은 모세관공극, 비모세관공극 및 공극이 USGA기준에 적합하였고, 혼합비율이 증가할수록 모세관공극과 총공극이 증가하였으며(P<0.05), Mix1과 Mix3의 비모세관공극은 모세관공극과 수리전도도에서 부의 상관성을 보였다(P<0.01). Mix1, Mix2 및 Mix3에서 SFC는 상토의 모세관공극의 변화에 영향을 주었고, Coco는 모세관공극과 총공극의 변화에 영향을 주었다. 이들 결과를 종합할 때, SFC와 Coco가 혼합된 토양개량제(Mix1~3)는 SFC보다 모래상토의 모세관 공극과 수리전도도를 개선하여 SFC의 단점을 보완한 것으로 평가되었다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.549-566
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• 2022

Mining of ore minerals (sfalerite, cinnabar, and chalcopyrite) from the old mine has led in significant environmental effects as contamination of soils and plants and acidification of water. Also, nanoparticles (NP) have obtained global importance because of their widespread usage in daily life, unique properties, and rapid development in the field of nanotechnology. Regarding their usage in various fields, it is suggested that soil is the final environmental sink for NPs. Nanoparticles with excessive reactivity and deliverability may be carried out as amendments to enhance soil quality, mitigate soil contaminations, make certain secure land-software of the traditional change substances and enhance soil erosion control. Meanwhile, there's no record on the usage of Nano superior substances for mine soil reclamation. In this study, five soil specimens have been tested at 4 sites inside the region of mine (<100 m) to study zeolites, and iron sulfide nanoparticles. Also, through using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), this study has tried to appropriately estimate the mechanical properties of soil under the effect of these Nano particles. Considering the RMSE and R2 values, Zeolite Nano materials could enhance the mine soil fine through increasing the clay-silt fractions, increasing the water holding capacity, removing toxins and improving nutrient levels. Also, adding iron sulfide minerals to the soils would possibly exacerbate the soil acidity problems at a mining site.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2010

제강슬래그와 석회석을 이용하여 비소로 오염된 농경지 토양으로부터 비소 용출을 안정화 시키는 배치 및 대형 칼럼 실험을 실시하여, 제강슬래그와 석회석이 토양 내 비소안정화에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있음을 입증하였다. 토양의 비소 농도가 토양오염우려기준 농도의 약 2배(12.3 mg/kg)인 전남 광양 주변 초남광산 주변에 위치한 밭토양을 대상으로 안정화 실험을 실시하였으며, 안정화제로 사용한 제강슬래그 이화학분석 결과 비소 공침 효과가 높은 Ca, Fe, Al, Mg 산화물 함량이 70% 이상을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 안정화제 종류별 비소 용출 저감 효과를 규명하고 최적 안정화제 주입 비율을 선정하기위한 배치실험을 실시하였다. 오염토양 대비 석회석(또는 제강슬래그)의 첨가 비율을 1, 2, 3% 로 설정하여 비소 용출 저감 효율을 규명하는 실험을 실시하였으며, 석회석과 제강슬래그를 다양한 비 율로 혼합한 혼합안정화제도 실험에 사용하였다. 배치실험 결과 오염토양으로부터 용출되는 비소 농도는 1% 와 3% 석회석 첨가에 의해 안정화제를 첨가하지 않은 오염 토양의 비소 용출 농도 대비 각각 51%, 62% 감소하였다. 1%와 3% 제강슬래그를 오염토양에 첨가한 경우 비소 용출 농도는 각각 46%, 52% 감소하였다. 석회석 1%+제강슬래그 1%, 석회석 1%+제강슬래그 2%, 석회석 2%+제강슬래그 1%를 첨가하여 실험한 경우, 비소 용출농도는 각각 63%, 62%, 72% 감소하였다. 비소 용출 농도 및 용출 누적량을 계산하여 안정화공법에 의한 비소 오염 토양의 장기적 안정화를 예측하고자 인공강우에 의한 연속 용출 실험을 실시하였다. 배수시스템 및 격자형의 하부 스크린이 설치된 직경 15 cm, 높이 100 cm 의 대형 아크릴 칼럼을 제작하였으며, 용출시험 결과로부터 비소 용출 저감 효과가 뛰어난 석회석 2%+제강슬래그 1%를 혼합하여 연속 칼럼 실험의 안정화제로 사용하였다. 안정화제를 첨가하지 않은 칼럼의 경우 인공강우에 의한 비소 용출 농도는 시간이 지남에 따라 약 $50-80\;{\mu}g/L$ 를 유지하였다. 2% 석회석과 1% 제강슬래그를 오염토양과 혼합한 칼럼의 경우 비소 용출 농도는 1년 이내에 80% 이상 감소하였으며, 지하수 생활용수기준치인 $50\;{\mu}g/L$ 보다 낮게 나타나 오염토양으로부터의 비소의 안정화 효과는 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 석회석과 제강슬래그의 비소 안정화 기작을 규명하기위해 석회석과 제강슬래그를 3가비소(arsenite) 용액과 혼합하여 반응시 켜 공침된 광물 결정에 대하여 SEM/EDS 분석을 실시한 결과 방해석($CaCO_3$) 이외에 포틀랜다이트(portlandite)와 칼슘-비소 산화물(Ca-As-O 계열)이 추가로 생성된 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 추가 생성 광물에 의한 비소 포획이 주요 비소 고정 기작인 것으로 나타났다.