• 한국균학회지
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• 제24권2호통권77호
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• pp.93-103
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• 1996

오이 덩굴쪼김병에 효과 있는 새로운 토양첨가제의 조제와 방제효과를 구명코저 본 연구를 1993년부터 지난 2년간 수행하였다. 석회를 포함한 14종의 무기성분(1%, w/w)을 성분별로 공시하여 억제효과를 조사하였는데 특히 $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, Alum 및 CaO 등의 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum에 대한 포자발아 억제율은 72.8-97%였고 균사생장 억제율은 20.9-25%이었다. 한편 $Ca(NO_3)_2$는 균사생장에만, KCl, $K_2SO_4,\;NH_4NO_3$와 Urea는 포자발아에만 억제효과가 켰으며 그 억제율은 37.0-71.9%이었다. 결과적으로 7종의 무기성분이 선발되었다. 부숙소나무 수피등 2종의 유기물을 2, 5 및 10% 농도별로 공시한 결과 부숙소나무 수피는 알팔파 잎가루에 비하며 병원균의 포자발아나 균사신전 억제효과가 우수하였다. 소나무 수피와 무기성분(1%, w/w)을 혼합한 토양첨가제 처리토양에서 길항균(Tr-3)의 생장은 양호하였을 뿐만 아니라 병원군의 균사생장을 효과적으로 억제하였다. 그리고 길항세균(Pseudomonas sp.)여액에서의 병원균에 대한 길항력도 우수함이 확인되었다. 부숙 소나무수피와 알팔파 잎가루의 추출액배지에서의 균사생장 억제는 크지 않았으나 포자발아는 부숙 소나무수피액 처리에서 뚜렷하였고 농도에 따라 억제율이 90% 이상이었다. 무기성분과 부숙 소나무 수피가루 및 2종의 길항균을 토양에 혼합한 (1% w/w)구에서는 오이 덩굴쪼김병에 대한 방제효과가 폿트와 포장시험결과로 완벽함이 밝혀졌다. 따라서 토양 첨가제에 의한 오이 덩굴쪼김병의 생물학적 방제를 위하여 농가포장에서의 그 활용이 기대된다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2013

아메리카 동애등에를 이용하여 음식물 쓰레기를 친환경적으로 처리하는 과정에서 생성된 동애등에 분변토(Soldier fly cast)는 음식물 발효물과 동애등에번데기가 혼합된 부산물비료이다. 본 연구는 동애등에 분변토가 혼합된 모래상토에서 자란 한국잔디의 생육과 토양의 변화를 조사하여 동애등에 분변토가 토양개량제로서 적합성을 평가하였다. 적합성 평가를 위해 USGA규격에 적합한 모래와 7% 코코피트(Coco), 7% 부산물비료(Comp), 3.5% 동애등에 분변토(1/2 SFC) 및 7% 동애등에 분변토(SFC)를 혼합하여 연구에 사용하였다. 토양분석결과, SFC 처리구에서 NA보다 CEC가 증가하였고, Coco보다 질소, 유효인산 및 칼륨이 증가하였다. 엽색지수와 엽록소지수와 같은 잔디품질은 SFC처리구에서 향상되었고, 잔디뿌리길이도 증가하였다. 잔디생육량은 SFC처리구에서 지상부, 포복경, 지하부의 생육이 모두 증가하여 잔디생육이 가장 왕성하였다. 잔디 중 함유된 양분은 SFC처리구의 지상부에서 칼륨과 칼슘 함량이 증가하였다. 이러한 결과를 종합할 때, 7% 동애등애분변토가 혼합된 모래상토는 토양의 보비력과 주요양분의 유효도가 증가하여 잔디의 지상부와 지하부의 생육과 품질이 향상시키므로 골프장 상토의 토양개량제로 활용이 가능하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.234-241
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• 2007

여러가지의 선발된 미생물로 구성된 미생물비료는 토양 개량과 식물 생장 촉진을 위해서 여러 유기물과 결합하여 이용되기도 한다. 미생물 비료를 미생물 비료 단독으로 그리고 도시 가로수 부산물 퇴비, 가금류 분뇨 부산물, 레드클로버와 귀리의 피복작물 등의 유기물과 같이 토양에 처리하여 토양의 화학적 또는 생물학적 특성에 미치는 효과를 측정하였다. 액체상의 미생물 비료를 2년동안 3회 처리하였다. 미생물 비료 단독으로는 pH, K, 유기물 함량에 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 미생물비료의 처리는 2년 가을 모두 가금류 분뇨 부산물을 처리한 토양의 인산 함량을 증가시켰고, 첫해 가을에 퇴비를 처리한 토양의 칼슘함량을 증가시켰으며, 레드클로버를 처리한 토양의 Ca, Mg, 그리고 양이온교환용량을 감소시켰다. 미생물 비료는 레드클로버가 처리된 토양에서 첫 해 7월에 탈수소효소 활성을 증가시켰다. 미생물 비료는 유기물이 처리되지 않은 토양이나 퇴비가 처리된 토양에서 FDA의 가수분해도를 가끔 증가시켰다. 가금류 분뇨 부산물과 레드 클로버가 처리된 토양의 FDA 가수분해도와 가금류 분뇨 부산물이 처리된 토양의 탈수소효소활성은 미생물 비료의 처리로 감소하였다. 한편, 미생물 비료의 처리는 BIOLOG에 의한 토양 미생물 군락의 생리생태적 다양성에는 영향을 미치지 못했다. 따라서 토양의 미생물학적 특성에 미치는 미생물비료의 효과는 같이 투여되는 유기물의 종류에 따라 다양하다고 할 수 있으며, 탈수소효소의 활성은 레드클로버가 처리된 토양에서, 그리고 FDA 가수분해도는 퇴비와 귀리가 처리된 토양에서 가끔 증가했다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2018

There is an increasing concern over arsenic (As) contamination in rice since Codex Committee on Contaminants in Food (CCCF) discuss on maximum levels for As in rice in 2010. This study was conducted to reduce As concentration in rice by soil amendment treatments in paddy field soils contaminated by As. The selected four amendments were poultry manure, agri-lime, steel slag, and gypsum with the addition of 3% or 5% (w/w) on a dry basis. The As reduction effect could not be verified, as a result of the pot test by adding poultry manure to the paddy soil around the mine located in Yesan. Among the agri-lime treated rice cultivated pots, the As concentration increased up to 32.1%. On the other hand, the content of As in the sample pots treated with steel slag and gypsum decreased by 65.4% and 63.4%, respectively. On the basis of the results of these pot experiments, the field test was carried out in the As polluted rice field around the mine located in Yesan, and when the four amendments were treated, the As content in the brown rice reduced in all the amendment treatments compared with the control plot. The As reduction in brown rice of the amendment was confirmed to be higher efficiency by the order of gypsum > steel slag > poultry manure > agri-lime. As a result of pot experiments using paddy soil around the mine located in Seosan, As stabilization efficiency in rice and As reduction effect could not be determined by comparison to the control. From the rice cultivated from agri-lime treated pot, As concentration increased by 15.8% in rice. On the other hand, the As content of the pots treated with steel slag and gypsum decreased by 39.1% and 60.2%, respectively. In conclusion, distinguished As reducing effectiveness could be expected by soil amendment treatments for rice cultivation.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2002

The back-filled soil of the New Incheon International Airport construction site was reclaimed with sea sand in near the Young-Jong island. The primary study was carried out from August 1993 to June 1997 to study soil amendment and to select salt resistance turfgrass species. This study dealt with low maintenance area that included most part of open space of airport site. The second experiment, from October 1996 to August 1998, focused on soil amendment and selection of turfgrass species for alongside runway where turf area was maintained. Through two previous studies, propagation methods with zoysiagrass were tested for alongside runway and surrounding areas at 1998. The study of construction methods with zoysiagrass, vegetative propagation showed better results on visual quality and cover rating compare with seeding propagation. However, significant different between vegetative and seeding propagation was not showed on visual quality and drought tolerance after one year of plot establishment. The cover rating by seeding construction methods reached in excess of 70% of limitation suggested by the Incheon International Airport Cooperation. Zoysia net and sprigging net methods were the most suitable where there requires rapid and high rate of ground cover. Seeding propagation should be acceptable to obtain a resonable cover rating where there allows relatively longer period of completion. Therefore, it should be possible to attain a proper rating of ground cover on the site of open space, alongside runway or areas similar to the New Incheon International Airport which is being built on dredged seashore sand. However, the methods of soil amendment, selecting salt tolerance species, and proper construction procedure should be considered at the a time.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2017

Cotton is the major fiber crop in Pakistan that accounts for 2% of total national gross domestic product (GDP). After picking of cotton, the dry stalks are major organic waste that has no fate except burning to cook food in villages. Present research focuses use of cotton stalks as feedstock for biochar production, its characterization and effects on soil characteristics. Dry cotton stalks collected from agricultural field of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan were combusted under anaerobic conditions at $450^{\circ}C$. The physicochemical analysis of biochar and cotton stalks show higher values of % total carbon, phosphorus and potassium concentrations in biochar as compared to cotton stalks. The concentration of nitrogen was decreased in biochar. Similarly biochar had greater values of fixed carbon that suggest its role for carbon sequestration and as a soil amendment. The fourier transformation infrared spectroscopic spectra (FTIR) of cotton stalks and biochar exposed more acidic groups in biochar as compared to cotton stalks. The newly developed functional groups in biochar have vital role in increasing surface properties, cation exchange capacity, and water holding capacity, and are responsible for heavy metal remediation in contaminated soil. In a further test, results show increase in the water holding capacity and nutrient retention by a sandy soil amended with biochar. It is concluded that cotton stalks can be effectively used to prepare biochar.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.803-809
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of soil amendment (heat-expanded clay and active carbon) and planting of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum on the remediation of salt-affected soil and the plant growth under high calcium chloride (CaCl₂) concentration. The experimental group comprised treatments including Non treatment (Cont.), heat-expanded clay (H), active carbon (AC), planting (P), heat-expanded clay+planting (H+P), active carbon+planting (AC+P). A 200 mL solution of CaCl₂ at a concentration of 10 g·L^-1 was applied as irrigation once every 2 weeks. Compared to the Cont., the incorporation of the 'heat-expanded clay' amendment decreased electrical conductivity of the soil leachate and cation exchange capacity, whereas the growth of Dendranthema zawadskii var. latilobum was relatively increased. These results suggest that the combination of 'heat-expanded clay' amendment and planting will mitigate negative effect of de-icing salts and improve plant growth in salt-contaminated roadside soils.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.35-45
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• 1999

본 연구는 하수슬러지 퇴비를 이용하여 4년간 5차에 걸쳐 다양한 토양 및 식물에 대한 식물실험을 수행한 결과, 하수슬러지 퇴비가 식물성장에 유용한 것으로 판명이 되었으며, 그 시비량은 토양종류, 하수슬러지내의 유기물함량, 식물에 따라 많은 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 연구를 통하여 얻어진 적정시비량은 비교적 유기물함량(46%)이 높은 S하수처리장의 하수슬러지 퇴비를 이용한 사질토양인 빈영양토양에서는 0.2톤/아르(a)였으며, 부영양토인 흑갈색 토양에서는 0.12톤/아르(a). 빈영양토양인 흑갈색에서는 0.4톤/a가 적정한 것으로 판명이 되었다. 또한 비교적 유기물의 함량이 낮은 N하수처리장의 하수퇴비와 빈영양토양에서의 5차실험 결과에서는 시비량이 0.6t/a로 상대적으로 많아도 된다는 결과가 얻어졌다. 이러한 실험결과를 이용하여 유기물함량 및 토양의 종류에 따라 시뮬레이션을 실시한 결과, 1회 시비량은 0.2t/a로 계산되었으며 연간 2회시비의 연작에 대한 영향을 고려한다면 연간 약 0.4t/a가 시비제한 최적량으로 결론내릴 수 있었다. 이러할 값은 유기물함량과 토양종류에 따른 영향을 상호보완한 값으로 식물에 대한 성장저해현상을 최소화하는 것이 가능하다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.869-872
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• 2004

A study on the solidification of sludge by reactive amendment agent was carried out in this paper. The reactive amendment agent used in this study is mainly composed of inorganic solidification agent and reactive adsorptive material. The reactive agent has a function of soil-cement-agent solidification and harmlessness of contaminant in waste. The reactive agent is environmentally friendly material to the surrounding environment. In this study, a series of tests and experiments including unconfined compressive strength, permeability, pH test, constituent analysis, leaching test were carried out to analyse engineering and environmental characteristics of solidified sludge treated reactive agent. The result of this research shows that the solidified sludge treated reactive agent is increased in strength and decreased in contaminant concentration.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2018

Pot experiments were conducted to assess the applicability of ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$) as a washing agent for laboratory scale in-situ soil washing of paddy soil contaminated with Pb. During the monitoring period for nearly 90 days, the concentrations of Fe and Mn in the soil solution were lower than that of control soil due to lime ($Ca(OH)_2$) amendment for pH recovery. Lime amendment also affected solubility and fractionation of Pb into soil matrix. The result showed that Pb concentrations of soil solution were consistently lower than that of control soil, and the concentration in the exchangeable fraction in washed soil decreased from 13 to 2 mg/kg. There was no significant difference of biomass yield of rice plant in each pots, and Pb contents in rice roots and grains in washed soil decreased to 50 and 78%, respectively, of the control soil. Therefore, $FeCl_3$ could be used as an acceptable in-situ washing agent for agricultural paddy soil if appropriate soil pH management is subsequently practiced.