• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.243-251
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate how nurses who take care of terminal patients perceive fluid therapy and how this therapy is currently being used in hospitals. Methods: This survey included 200 nurses, 87 of whom were working in the oncology units of 3 university hospitals in Seoul, Korea, and 113 were working in 18 hospice centers. The data for this study were collected by means of structured questionnaires and analyzed by using the Statistical Analysis System software. The differences in perception towards fluid therapy between nurses working in oncology units and those working in hospice centers were examined using the $x^2$ test and analysis of covariance. Results: Fluid therapy was perceived more negatively by the nurses from hospice centers than by those from oncology units. Continuous subcutaneous infusion was used in hospice centers, but not in oncology units. In addition, the average amount of fluid infused daily differed significantly between the oncology units and hospice centers. Conclusion: Our results show that there were differences in the perception towards fluid therapy between nurses in different clinical settings. Nurses caring for terminal and palliative care patients should not simply provide or withhold fluid therapy, but rather develop a wider range of views on fluid therapy, focusing on effective alternative interventions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.167-188
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• 1996

The lack of an understanding of the characteristics and searching abilities of a specific user group in computer-based information systems in libraries hinders library and information science professionals in making the best decisions when designing, acquiring, and managing information systems. The objective of this study was to provide information on the characteristics and searching abilities of specific groups such as Korean college students & ones who study abroad, male & female, undergraduate & graduate students, etc. This study also has focused on the methods of loaming to use OPACs and non-user study. Questionnaire was administered to both Korean college students in the city of Taegu, Korea and students who study abroad in the state of Texas, US.A. 345 usable questionnaires were obtained and analyzed. These were analyzed using descriptive, inferential statistics, multiple correlation, and SPSS software. The. major findings of this study are: (1) There was a significant difference among specific student user groups except undergraduate and artiste-athlete students in the distribution of their knowledge about how to use OPACs: (2) There was a significant difference among specific groups in the means of their knowledge: (3) There was no significant difference among un. groups in the distribution of loaming method to use OPAC systems : (4) The correlation between the number of searching methods that the respondents knew in using OPACS and the amount of using computers (0.6635) is comparatively higher than my other correlation to the searching methods. Also, years of experience using computers, frequencies of computer use, and frequencies of OPAC use are comparatively higher than frequencies of library use and frequencies of manual card catalog un: (5) Frequencies of manual card catalog use have low negative correlations with the number of searching methods that the respondents knew in using OPACs: (6) Frequencies of manual card catalog use have little if any negative negative with OPAC and computer use. Conclusions are drawn from the findings in this paper, and recommendations an proposed when designing, adopting, or managing a new system. Topics fur future studies on the characteristics of OPAC systems and their use are also suggested.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.235-238
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• 2008

The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) was initiated in August 1985 to develop new generation water erosion prediction technology for federal agencies involved in soil and water conservation and environmental planning and assessment. Developed by USDA-ARS as a replacement for empirical erosion prediction technologies, the WEPP model simulates many of the physical processes important in soil erosion, including infiltration, runoff, raindrop detachment, flow detachment, sediment transport, deposition, plant growth and residue decomposition. The WEPP included an extensive field experimental program conducted on cropland, rangeland, and disturbed forest sites to obtain data required to parameterize and test the model. A large team effort at numerous research locations, ARS laboratories, and cooperating land-grant universities was needed to develop this state-of-the-art simulation model. The WEPP model is used for hillslope applications or on small watersheds. Because it is physically based, the model has been successfully used in the evaluation of important natural resources issues throughout the United State and in several other countries. Recent model enhancements include a graphical Windows interface and integration of WEPP with GIS software. A combined wind and water erosion prediction system with easily accessible databases and a common interface is planned for the future.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.49-58
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• 2010

The traffic signal controllers being used in the domestic currently are being manufactured based on the korean national police standard which was developed for controlling the quad-light traffic signal having the red, yellow, left-turn arrow, and green lights. But according to the national policy for the traffic operation, they have to be changed to be able to switch the tri-light signal having red, yellow and green lights. In this study, a new tri-light traffic signal controller was designed and developed by the way improving the Signal Control Unit of the existing quad-light standard traffic controller. The Load Signal Unit(LSU) was improved to output 6 signals which are the two assemblies of three signal indications having the red, yellow, and green lights. To enough traffic signals output to control each directional movements and the various transport modes which are car, bus, bike, and pedestrian etc., the connector bus system was designed to be able to accommodate maximum 96 signals outputs being constructed by 16 LSUs. Flasher device was developed to be able to support maximum 32 red signals. In the software, the communication protocol between traffic control center and the traffic signal controller was improved and new signal map code values were defined for the developed LSU controlling the quad-light traffic signal. A model of the quad-light traffic signal controller developed and was tested three operations, protocol-operation, remote-command and control-mode. The test result operated all of them successfully.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.2 s.302
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• pp.27-36
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• 2005

This thesis proposed an effective encryption method for the DCT-based image/video contents and made it possible to operate in a high speed by implementing it as an optimized hardware. By considering the increase in the amount of the calculation in the image/video compression, reconstruction and encryption, an partial encryption was performed, in which only the important information (DC and DPCM coefficients) were selected as the data to be encrypted. As the result, the encryption cost decreased when all the original image was encrypted. As the encryption algorithm one of the multi-mode AES, DES, or SEED can be used. The proposed encryption method was implemented in software to be experimented with TM-5 for about 1,000 test images. From the result, it was verified that to induce the original image from the encrypted one is not possible. At that situation, the decrease in compression ratio was only $1.6\%$. The hardware encryption system implemented in Verilog-HDL was synthesized to find the gate-level circuit in the SynopsysTM design compiler with the Hynix $0.25{\mu}m$ CMOS Phantom-cell library. Timing simulation was performed by Verilog-XL from CadenceTM, which resulted in the stable operation in the frequency above 100MHz. Accordingly, the proposed encryption method and the implemented hardware are expected to be effectively used as a good solution for the end-to-end security which is considered as one of the important problems.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.116-126
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• 2011

In this paper, we present a multi-media processor which can decode multiple-format video standards. The designed processor is evaluated with optimized MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and AVS (Audio video standard). There are two approaches for developing of real-time video decoders. First, hardware-based system is much superior to a processor-based one in execution time. However, it takes long time to implement and modify hardware systems. On the contrary, the software-based video codecs can be easily implemented and flexible, however, their performance is not so good for real-time applications. In this paper, in order to exploit benefits related to two approaches, we designed a processor called ASIP(Application specific instruction-set processor) for video decoding. In our work, we extracted eight common modules from various video decoders, and added several multimedia instructions to the processor. The developed processor for video decoders is evaluated with the Synopsys platform simulator and a FPGA board. In our experiment, we can achieve about 37% time saving in total decoding time.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.65-73
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• 2008

The characterization process for the accurate color reproduction in mobile phone with camera and LCD is popular. The camera and LCD characterization, gamut mapping process is necessary to map the camera's input color stimulus, CIEXYZ value, into the LCD's output color stimulus. Each characterization is the process estimating the relation between input and output signals. In case of LCD, because of output device, the output color stimulus for the arbitrary input signal can be measured by spectro-radiometer However, in the camera, as the input device, the characterization is an inaccurate and needs the manual works in the process obtaining the output signal because the input signal can not be generated. Moreover, after gamut mapping process, the noise is increased because the optimized gamma tone curve of camera for the noise is distorted by the characterization. Thus, this paper proposed the system of obtaining the output signal of camera and the method of gamma correction for the noise. The camera's output signal is obtained by RGB values of patches from captured the color chart image. However, besides the illumination, the error for the location of the chart in the viewfinder is generated when many camera modules are captured the chart. The method of correcting the position to correct the error from manual works. The position of camera is estimated by captured image. This process and moving of camera is accomplished repeatedly, and the optimized position can be obtained. Moreover, the lightness curve of camera output is corrected partly to reduce the noise from the characterization process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.167-174
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• 2001

Reflection method using ultrasonic source has been attempted to obtain the information about tunnel lining structures composed of lining, shotcrete, water barrier and voids at the back of lining. In this work, two different types of sources, i.e. single-pulse source and sweep source, can be used. Single-pulse source with short time duration has the frequency content whose amplitudes tend to be concentrated around the dominant frequency, whereas sweep source with long time duration denotes a flat distribution of relatively larger amplitude over a broad frequency band, although the peak to peak amplitude of single-pulse source wavelet is equivalent to that of sweep source one. In traditional seismic application, a single-pulse source(weight drop, dynamite) is typically used. However, to investigate the fine structure, as it is the case in the tunnel lining structure, the sweep wavelet can be also a desirable source waveform primarily due to the higher energy over a broad frequency band. For the investigation purposes of sweep source, a physical modeling is a useful tool, especially to study problems of wave propagation in the fine layered media. The main purpose of this work was using a physical modeling technique to explore the applicability of sweep source to the delineation of inner layer boundaries. To this end, a two-dimensional physical model analogous to the lining structure was built and a special ultrasonic sweep source was devised. The measurements were carried out in the sweep frequency range 10 ∼ 60 KHz, as peformed in the regular reflection survey(e.g. roll-along technique). The measured data were further rearranged with a proper software (cross-correlation). The resulting seismograms(raw data) showed quitely similar features to those from a single-pulse source, in which high frequency content of reflection events could be considerably emphasized, as expected. The data were further processed by using a regular data processing system "FOCUS" and the results(stack section) were well associated with the known model structure. In this context, it is worthy to note that in view of measuring condition the sweep source would be applied to benefit the penetration of high frequency energy into the media and to enhance the resolution of reflection events.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.3-14
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• 2012

As one of elements to be able to endow more exciting and higher degree of completion for game, the feeling of hit is realized by image, sound and body-sensing (vibration) effects. When the feeling of hit is realized by game developer, most proper effects will be chosen with regard to genre, system and standpoint of world for the game. In general, most of choices for the effects are performed by the experience of game developer or referring the other games. Nevertheless the related studies are not significant in comparison with the importance for the feeling of hit, and the fundamental studies are mostly not accomplished. This paper introduces a study on efficiency and important factors for the feeling of hit by analyzing the properties and degrees of feeling for all effects to represent the feeling of hit through experiments. For this, a software simulator was implemented to test all effects and therewith the final results are presented through questionnaires for the feeling of hit sent to gamers. Our results are expected to be used to accomplish higher degree of completion for mobile games or web games with limited resources.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5487-5492
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• 2014

Ultrasonography is non-invasive and can give useful clues in the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy, However, differential diagnosis is difficult in some situations even combined with color Doppler imaging. The present study was conducted to evaluate the clinical value of real time elastography in patients with unexplained cervical lymphadenopathy using a quantitative method. From May 2011 to February 2012, 39 enlarged lymph nodes from 39 patients with unexplained cervical lymphadenopathy were assessed. All the patients were examined by both B-mode ultrasound, color Doppler flow imaging and elastography. The method of analyzing elasto-graphic data was the calculation of the 10 parametres ("mean", "sd", "area%", "com", "kur", "ske", "con", "ent", "idm", "asm") offered by the software integrated into the Hitachi system. The findings were then correlated with the definitive tissue diagnosis obtained by lymph node dissection or biopsy. Final histology revealed 10 cases of metastatic lymph nodes, 11 cases of lymphoma, 12 cases of tuberculosis and 6 cases of nonspecific lymphadenitis. The significant distinguishing features for conventional ultrasound were the maximum short diameter (p=0.007) and absent of echogenic hilum (p=0.0293). The diagnostic accuracy was 43.6% (17/39 cases) and there were 17 patients with equivocal diagnosis. For elastography, "mean" (p=0.003), "area%" (p=0.009), "kurt" (p=0.0291), "skew" (p=0.014) and "cont" (p=0.012) demonstrated significant differences between groups. With 9 of the 17 patients with previous equivocal diagnoses (52.9%) definite and correct diagnoses could be obtained. The diagnostic accuracy for conventional ultrasound combined elastography was 69.2% (27/39 cases). There were differences in the diagnostic sensitivity of the two methods (p=0.0224). Ultrasound combined with elastography demonstrated higher rates of conclusive and accurate diagnoses in patients with unexplained cervical lymphadenopathy than conventional ultrasound. The quantitative program showed good correlation with the pathology of different lymph node diseases.