• Title/Summary/Keyword: soft transfer

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Diagnostic Imaging of Congenital Meningoencephalocele in a Holstein Calf

  • Kwon, Kyunghun;Lee, Byungho;Choi, Sooyoung;Cho, Jongki;Lee, Youngwon;Choi, Hojung
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 2017
  • A 10-day-old, Holstein calf with facial mass of 10 cm in diameter at the forehead region referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in Chungnam National University. The mass was soft and fluctuating swelling. It had normal skin and hair hanging forward from frontal region and was thought to contain cerebrospinal fluid. On the skull radiography, cauliflower like-irregular marginated, soft tissue opacity mass was identified craniodorsal to the frontal bone. The mass appeared as a cyst filled with anechoic fluid on ultrasonography. Soft tissue structures considered brain tissues were observed in the deep area of the mass. On the computed tomography, a large skull defect of left side frontal bone was found, and heterogeneous materials were exposed through the defect but exposure of cerebral meninges and brain tissue were not confirmative. On magnetic resonance imaging, herniated left brain parenchyma showed heterogenous T2 and T1 hyperinsensity. In the intracranium, T2 hyperinstense and T1 hypointense fluid was identified on the left side, instead of left cerebral parenchyma. Also leftward shift of right hemisphere and midline structure, including thalamus and midbrain, were observed. The definitive diagnosis was confirmed as a meningoencephalocele based on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The calf was euthanized and necropsy was performed. On necropsy, both hemisphere were developed unequally with different size. One side hemisphere was grown in the outside through 10 cm hole on the median plane.

A Comparison of Roughness Measurement and Load Transfer Test for the Calculation of Unit Skin Friction of Pile Foundation in Soft Rocks (기초 연암부 벽면거칠기 시험과 하중전이 시험 결과의 비교 및 단위주면마찰력의 산정에 대한 연구)

  • Hong, Seok-Woo;Hwang, Geun-Bae
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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    • v.39 no.6
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    • pp.21-30
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    • 2023
  • One of the methods for calculating unit skin friction of soft-rock-socket parts for cast-in-place piles involves the roughness measurement of the parts. The measurements are conducted during the excavation stage. A roughness measuring device is installed in the excavation hole and the unit skin friction is calculated from the measured surface roughness of the rock socket. Herein, the results of roughness measurement of rock-socket parts in cast-in-place piles and that of load transfer tests are analyzed and compared. The unit skin friction from the roughness measurements can be converted into unit skin friction corresponding to the displacement of a pile generated in a load transfer test. A reduction factor is given as Rf = -0.14n + 1.48.

Staged Reconstruction of the Mangled Hand with the Combined Use of Pedicled Groin Flap and Free Wrap Around Flap (광범위 수부 손상에서 서혜부 유경피판과 유리 포장주위피판을 이용한 단계적 무지 재건술)

  • Roh, Young-Hak;Chung, Moon-Sang;Baek, Goo-Hyun;Lee, Young-Ho;Gong, Hyun-Sik;Rhee, Seung-Hwan;Lee, Ye-Hyun
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.62-66
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: Despite the free tissue transfer using microsurgical technique being the current trend of soft tissue reconstruction of the hand, the pedicled groin flap has the advantage to provide coverage for the mangled hand without necessitating the use of a damaged arterial system and also providing the benefit of saving the arterial system for later free tissue transfer. This report presents the author's experience using pedicled groin flap in four cases of mangled hands with massive bone and soft tissue defects requiring later thumb reconstruction with the free wrap around flap. Materials and methods: The patients' age ranged from 30 to 51 years; three patients were male and one was female. The causes of mangled hand included two machinery crush injuries, one laboratory explosion and one motor vehicle accident. While evaluating the post-operative results, factors like flap survival, complications, stability in opposition, pinch power and 2 point discrimination were taken into account. Results: All massive soft tissue defects of the hands were completely covered with pedicled groin flap successfully. The reconstructed thumb using free wrap around flap did not have any limitation in opposition. There was no occurrence of post-operative infection and all the flaps survived completely. The average pinch power was 70% of the contralateral intact thumb and average 2 point discrimination was 10 mm. Conclusion: The pedicled groin flap for the reconstruction of the massive soft tissue defects of the hand with subsequent reconstruction of the thumb with a wrap around flap is a very useful procedure. The combined use of pedicled groin flap and wrap around flap allows adequate coverage of sizable soft tissue defects and functional thumb opposition in cases of reconstruction of the mangled hands.

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Selection of Free Flap for the Reconstruction of Soft Tissue Defect of the Hand (수부의 연부조직 결손 재건을 위한 유리 피판의 선택)

  • Kim, Taek-Kyu;Kim, Han-Su;Choi, Sang-Mook;Chung, Chan-Min;Suh, In-Suck
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.87-95
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    • 1997
  • Traumatic injury to the hand often leads to soft tissue defects with exposed tendons, bones, or joints. Though many new flap have been introduced, the choice of flap that would be best for the patient depends on such factors as the site, size, and degree of wounds. Additionally the selected surgical method should be yielded cosmetic and functional superiority by the one-staged reconstruction. In our experience, small to medium sized soft tissue defect with bone and tendon exposure of hand can be resurfaced with an arterialized venous free flap from the volar aspect of distal forearm. Wide and deep defects of the hand can be covered with a sensory cutaneous free flap such as the medial plantar free flap, dorsalis pedis free flap, and radial forearm free flap. Specialized flap such as wrap-around flap, toe-to-finger transfer, onychocutaneous free flap can be used for the recontruction of defect on the thumb and finger. Based on the above considerations and our clinical experience of 60 free flap cases of the hand, the various methods for the proper repair of soft tissue defects of the hand are described. And we obtained satisfactory functional and cosmetic results with 95% success rate of free flap.

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An Analysis of Pile Foundation Load Transfer for Lightweight Pavement System in Clay Soil using Lab Chamber Test (모형챔버시험을 이용한 점성토 지반에 설치된 경량포장체용 기초의 하중전달 특성)

  • Lee, Kwan-Ho;Shin, Kwang-Ho
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.36 no.3
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    • pp.545-550
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    • 2016
  • The main purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the feasibility of ligthweight pavement system with pile foundation on soft soil by laboratory small chamber test. In order to verify the stability of lightweight pavement system, the 1/30 scaled downed model system was tested at lab. The soft soil condition was simulated and group piles for skin friction resistance were used. Within the limited lab test, the settlements of pavement system were 0.86 mm for Case A, 0.70 mm for Case B, and 0.50 mm for Case C. The converted maximum settlement differential settlement were 25.8 mm and 10.8 mm. These values meet the inside of specification of Bridge Design Guide in Korea. The use of lightweight pavement systems on soft soils could be an alternative construction method on soft soils to reduce the challenges of conventional design and constructions.

Influence of column yielding on degree of consolidation of soft foundations improved by deep mixed columns

  • Jiang, Yan;Han, Jie;Zheng, Gang
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.173-194
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    • 2014
  • Laboratory and field data showed that deep mixed (DM) columns accelerated the rate of consolidation of the soft foundations. Most analyses of consolidation of DM column-improved foundations so far have been based on the elastic theory. In reality, the DM columns may yield due to the stress concentration from the soft soil and its limited strength. The influence of column yielding on the degree of consolidation of the soft foundation improved by DM columns has not been well investigated. A three-dimensional mechanically and hydraulically-coupled numerical method was adopted in this study to investigate the degree of consolidation of the DM column foundation considering column yielding. A unit cell model was used, in which the soil was modeled as a linearly elastic material. For a comparison purpose, the DM column was modeled as an elastic or elastic-plastic material. This study examined the aspects of stress transfer, settlement, and degree of consolidation of the foundations without or with the consideration of the yielding of the DM column. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of the column yielding on the stress concentration ratio, settlement, and average degree of consolidation of the DM column foundation. The stress concentration ratio increased and then decreased to reach a constant value with the increase of the column modulus and time. A simplified method was proposed to calculate the maximum stress concentration ratios under undrained and drained conditions considering the column yielding. The simplified method based on a composite foundation concept could conservatively estimate the consolidation settlement. An increase of the column modulus, area replacement ratio, and/or column permeability increased the rate of consolidation.

Measurement of Complex Modulus of Acoustic Materials by Using Transfer Function Method

  • Kim, Hyun-Sil;Kim, Jae-Seung;Kang, Hyun-Joo;Kim, Bong-Ki;Kim, Sang-Ryul
    • The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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    • v.21 no.1E
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    • pp.12-17
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    • 2002
  • Two improvements are discussed in measurement of the complex Young's modulus of the acoustic materials by using the transfer function method. It is found that the accelerometer misalignment might result in the severe measurement error, particularly in high frequency range. The supporting structure is modified to attach the upper and lower accelerometers along the vertical axis. Secondly, the method fur solving the equation associated with wave model is described. The solution of the lumped mass-spring model is chosen as the starting value for low frequency range, while in the mid and high frequency, the solution to the previous frequency step is used as the initial values. Measurements are done for hard and soft rubber specimens. It is shown that the erroneous peaks in the transfer function, due to the measurement error, cause highly incorrect Young's modulus and loss factors.

Load Transfer Characteristics on Drilled Shafts by Hole Stability Fluids (공벽유지용 유체에 따른 대구경 현장타설말뚝의 하중전이특성)

  • Lim, Dae-Sung;Park, Seong-Wan;Park, Jung-Hwan;Oy, Se-Hun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2008.03a
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    • pp.1100-1105
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    • 2008
  • In most drilled shafts construction sites, it is common, depending on the site condition, to use either water or slurry as fluids for maintaining stability of the holes, however, there are yet no design manuals by hole stability fluids. In this paper, in order to evaluate load transfer characteristics of the drilled shafts by hole stability fluids, two test piles are constructed over the soft ground of the lower Busan Bay based on the Bi-directional Pile Load Test. The test results showed that no ultimate states has found under the condition of applied loads with fresh water and slurry as hole fluids for drilled shafts. Then, the load transfer behavior were estimated with the data measured in fields and the effect of hole stability fluids were compared. All these results are presented in the paper.

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Risk and Effectiveness of Using Thrombin in Microvascular Free Tissue Transfer

  • Ki, Sae Hwi;Kim, Han Joon
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: Recent studies have reported on application of fibrin glue composed of fibrinogen and thrombin to nerve anastomosis, which can be another candidate for vessel anastomosis. However, no research regarding the risk and effectiveness of thrombin in microvascular free tissue transfer has been reported. Therefore, the aim of study is to determine the risk and effectiveness of thrombin on microvascular free tissue transfer through clinical cases. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients underwent free flap reconstruction for soft tissue defect or bone exposure in our institute from March 2011 to February 2014. In the group using thrombin, dissolved powder thrombin (5,000 IU/amp) was mixed with 10 mL normal saline. Saline mixed with thrombin was applied on the flap, recipient, and around vessel anastomosis. In the control group, free flap was performed using the same method, except using thrombin. We analyzed the results between the two groups. Results: All flaps survived. The group using thrombin included 14 patients and the control group included 11 patients. Hematoma was found in two cases, respectively, in each group. The group using thrombin showed lower incidence of hematoma than the control group. No difference in survival rate of the flap was observed between the thrombin group and the control group. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that use of saline mixed with thrombin in free tissue transfer may be safe and effective for prevention of hematoma formation in the recipient site.

Updated Surgical Techniques and Expanded Indications of Free Vascularized Fibular Graft

  • Park, Jong Woong
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.41-49
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    • 2015
  • Free or pedicled vascularized fibular grafts (VFG) are useful for the reconstruction of large skeletal defects, particularly in cases of scarred or avascular beds, or in patients with combined bone and soft tissue defects. Compared to non-VFG, VEG, which contains living osteocytes and osteoblasts, maintains its own viability and serves as good osteoconductive and osteoinductive graft. Due to its many structural and biological advantages, the free fibular osteo- or osteocutaneous graft is considered the most suitable autograft for the reconstruction of long bone defects in the injured extremity. The traditional indication of VFG is the long bone and soft tissue defect, which cannot be reconstructed using a conventional operative method. Recently, the indications have been widely expanded not only for defects of midtibia, humerus, forearm, distal femur, and proximal tibia, but also for the arthrodesis of shoulder and knee joints. Because of its potential to allow further bone growth, free fibular epiphyseal transfer can be used for the hip or for distal radius defects caused by the radical resection of a tumor. The basic anatomy and surgical techniques for harvesting the VFG are well known; however, the condition of the recipient site is different in each case. Therefore, careful preoperative surgical planning should be customized in every patient. In this review, recently expanded surgical indications of VFG and surgical tips based on the author's experiences in the issues of fixation method, one or two staged reconstruction, size mismatching, overcoming the stress fracture, and arthrodesis of shoulder and knee joint using VFG are discussed with the review of literature.