• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.184-191
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• 1999

Reconstruction of soft tissue defect of the foot, ankle and distal tibial area has been and remains a challenging problem for reconstructive surgeons. We treated 19 patients who showed soft tissue defect in these area with distally based superficial sural artery flaps, including four adipofascial flaps, two sensate flaps. The size of the soft tissue defect was from $4{\times}5cm\;to\;8{\times}10cm$. In nine cases, we preserved sural nerve. Seventeen flaps survived completely, but one flap failed and another flap showed partial skin necrosis at the distal half. In failed cases, lesser saphenous vein was ruptured at initial injury. The advantage of this flap is a constant and reliable blood supply without sacrifice of major artery or sensory nerve. Elevation of the flap is technically easy and quick. The pedicle is long and the island flap can be transffered as far as to the instep area. It also has the potential for sensate flap, innervated by the lateral sural cutaneous nerve. But for appropriate venous drainage small saphenous vein must be preserved.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.243-249
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical availability of a variety of intraoral local flaps in reconstruction of oral soft tissue defects, Forty patients with oral soft tissue defects were treated by tongue, buccinator, palatal, labial, facial artery musculomucosal, buccal fat pad, and masseter muscle crossover flap. Total 43 intraoral flaps were used to reconstruct a variety of intraoral soft tissue defects, such as oronasal fistula, oroantral fistula, traumatic deformities and other. The age of patients ranged from 7 to 72 years, with mean age of 39.6 years. Follow up period ranged from 2 to 66 months, mean follow up period of 21.6 months. There were 9 complications, of which four were partial necrosis, three infections, one total necrosis, and 1 speech problem. Except for total necrosis, most of the recipient sited healed uneventually without severe morbidity. We consider that a variety of intraoral local flaps can be available for reconstruction of small of moderate large intraoral soft tissue defects.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1468-1474
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• 2018

The purpose of the study was to investigate the immediate effects of negative pressure soft tissue therapy on muscle tone, muscle stiffness and balance in patients with stroke. In total, 20 patients with stroke and assigned to the negative pressure soft tissue therapy group (NPST, n=10) or, placebo-negative pressure soft tissue therapy group(Placebo-NPST, n=10). Both groups underwent NPST or placebo-NPST once a day during the experimental period. MyotonPRO was used to assess the parameters for muscle tone and stiffness. Biorescue was used to assess the parameters for balance. Each group showed improvements in muscle tone, muscle stiffness, and balance ability (p<.05). Especially, Muscle tone, muscle stiffness, and anterior length in the limit of stability were the significant improvement on NPST group (p<.05). The results of the study suggest that the NPST is effective in improving muscle tone, muscle stiffness, and balance ability in patients with stroke.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.1 s.114
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

Three-dimensional (3-D) laser scans can provide a 3-D image of the face and it is efficient in examining specific structures of the craniofacial soft tissues. Due to the increasing concerns with the soft tissues and expansion of the treatment range, a need for 3-D soft tissue analysis has become urgent. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the scanning error of the Vivid 900 (Minolta, Tokyo, Japan) 3-D laser scanner and Rapidform program (Inus Technology Inc., Seoul, Korea) and to evaluate the mean error and the magnification percentage of the image obtained from 3-D laser scans. In addition, soft tissue landmarks that are easy to designate and reproduce in 3-D images of normal, Class II and Class III malocclusion patients were obtained. The conclusions are as follows; scanning errors of the Vivid 900 3-D laser scanner using a manikin were 0.16 mm in the X axis, 0.15 mm in the Y axis, and 0.15 mm in the Z axis. In the comparison of actual measurements from the manikin and the 3-D image obtained from the Rapidform program, the mean error was 0.37 mm and the magnification was 0.66%. Except for the right soft tissue gonion from the 3-D image, errors of all soft tissue landmarks were within 2.0 mm. Glabella, soft tissue nasion, endocanthion, exocanthion, pronasale, subnasale, nasal alare, upper lip point, cheilion, lower lip point, soft tissue B point, soft tissue pogonion, soft tissue menton and preaurale had especially small errors. Therefore, the Rapidform program can be considered a clinically efficient tool to produce and measure 3-D images. The soft tissue landmarks proposed above are mostly anatomically important points which are also easily reproducible. These landmarks can be beneficial in 3-D diagnosis and analysis.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2011

Reconstruction of soft tissue defect of knee joint area has been remained a challenging task for plastic surgeons. The earlier the normal tissue saved and the necrotic tissue removed, the less the patients had complications and functional disability. But such defects are difficult to manage for its poor vascularity, rigid tissue distensibility, easy infectability and a relatively long healing period. The goal of flap coverage in the knee joint should not only be satisfactory wound coverage, but also acceptable appearance and minimal donor site morbidity. We have treated five cases using the anterolateral thigh perforator flaps for reconstruction successfully. In conclusion, we believe that in cases of knee joint area soft tissue defects, flaps like anterolateral thigh perforator flap should be considered as the first line of treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.23 no.2 s.179
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• pp.15-20
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• 2006

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.284-290
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to assess the soft tissue changes using twenty skeletal class III malocclusion patients who treated with bimaxillary surgery for the correction of dentofacial deformities. Patients were divided into two groups. One was impaction and advancement of maxilla with mandibular set-back (Group 1), the other was downward and advancement of maxilla with mandibular set-back (Group 2). Preoperative and postoperative one year cephalometric data were analyzed and compared. Results obtained were as follows: 1. The ratio of horizontal changes of soft tissue to hard tissue at Nt to ANS, Ls to UI, Li to LI, sPog to Pog were 1:0.60, 1:0.79, 1:0.47, 1:0.63 in group 1 respectively, and 1:0.59, 1:0.48, 1:0.83, 1:1.09 in group 2 respectively. Soft tissue changes were highly predictable at the upper lip, lower lip, and chin area. 2. The ratio of vertical changes of soft tissue to hard tissue at Nt to ANS, Li to LI were 1:0.72, 1:0.06 in group 1, and others showed no statistically significant difference. 3. The ratio of horizontal changes of Ls to hard tissue movements at LI(h) was 1:-0.82 in group 1 and at UI(h), LI(h) were 1:0.48, 1:0.01 in group 2. These ratios of group 1 were greater than those of group 2. 4. The direction of horizontal change of Li was the same as that of hard tissue change. The ratio of horizontal changes of Li to LI was 1:0.47 in group 1 and others showed no statistically significant difference. 5. The changes of upper lip thickness and length were -1.6mm, -1.4mm in group 1, and -1mm, -2.7mm in group 2. 6. The ratios of thickness of upper lip to ANS, UI, LI were 1:-0.83, 1:-0.37, 1:0.11 in group 1. There was similar trend in group 2, and there were no statistically significant difference. These results suggest that prediction of changes in soft tissue of upper lip, lower lip, and chin were 79%, 47%, and 63% in group 1, and 48%, 83%, and 109% in group 2. There was a tendency to decrease in thickness and increase in length of the upper lip.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 2016

With the increasing demand for aesthetic implant dentistry, the importance of implant restoration is emphasized not only in the functional aspect but also in the aesthetic aspect. The aesthetic restoration of dental implants in the anterior maxilla is a challenge for clinicians because it requires proper harmony in three following conditions; reconstruction of hard tissue, soft tissue, and aesthetic prosthesis. The soft tissue aesthetics are dependent upon the condition of the supporting hard tissue because the osseous structure provides a framework for the development of a healthy and aesthetic soft tissue interface. Therefore, the augmentation of hard tissue is a first step and especially, optimal 3-dimensional position of implant is the most important factor in aesthetic implant restoration. The management of soft tissue is a second step, and the final step is a restoration of harmonic prosthesis using provisional restoration with proper emergence profile. This clinical report describes the procedure of bone augmentation in labial dehiscence defect, Vascularized Interpositional Periosteal-Connective Tissue (VIP-CT) flap for aesthetic anterior soft tissue, and the importance of provisional restoration and impression taking stage with customized impression coping.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.113-115
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• 2011

We present our experience of reconstruction of inguinal soft tissue defect following inguinal lymphadenectomy, because of penile squamous cell carcinoma. Malignant infiltration required wide resection, producing a defect requiring complex soft tissue reconstruction. We have used a pedicled anterolateral thigh flap as our first choice flap for this case. Patient achieved reasonable esthetic coverage. Complications were few and patient achieved durable long term coverage. We found this flap to be technically easy, reliable and effective.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.491-498
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• 1998

Transplanting process during the tissue culture of potato seedlings is costly, since the cost of highly skilled labor working in the sanitary environment takes up about 60-70% of the production cost. The objective of this study was to develop a soft gripper of a transplanting robot system for the labor-saving tissue culture. The prototype of the soft gripper was consisted of power-transmitting part finger and plant contacts. The power transmitting part transformed the rotating motion of a step motor to the reciprocating motion of the finger. Plant stems used in the test were potato seedlings cultured for six weeks. The dimensional characteristics of cultured seedlings, the compressive strengths of the stems, the extractive force from the culture medium and the gripping force of the finger were measured. A proper gripping force was found to be 0.343N at the extractive force of 0.41N when the plant contacts were made of silicon. Sixteen plants out of 70 trials were tangled with others, resulting in the success rate of 77.1%.