• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.191-201
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• 1987

정어리를 효율적으로 이용하기 위하여 각종 조리재료 및 식품가공용 중간소재로 이용할 수 있는 정어리냉동조미육의 가공조건을 구명하고 저장 중의 품질안정성에 대하여 검토하였다. 정어리냉동조미육을 가공하기 위하여 정어리육을 채육한 다음 육에 대하여 대두유의 유화커어드 $20.6\%$, 식염 $0.5\%$, 설탕 $2.0\%$, sodium bicarbonate $0.4\%$, polyphosphosphate $0.2\%$, MSG $0.1\%$ 및 양파가루 $0.3\%$, 마늘가루 $0.1\%$, 생강가루 $0.1\%$, 대두단백질 $3.0\%$, 그리고 저장 중의 지질산화를 방지 할 목적으로 sodium erythortate를 $0.1\%$ 첨가하여 잘 혼합한 후 $-35^{\circ}C$에서 동결시켜 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 저장하는 것이 좋았다. 정어리냉동조미육의 수분함량은 $67\~70\%$, 조단백질 $14\~16\%$, 조지방 $11\~12\%$였으며, 저장 중 제품의 pH는 다소 감소하고 휘발성염기질소는 약간 증가하였으며 생균수는 거의 변화가 없었다. 동결저장 중 과산화물값, 카르보닐값 및 TBA값을 측정한 결과 sodium erythorbate를 첨가한 제품(B)는 지질산화가 효율적으로 억제되었다. 제품의 정미성분 중 IMP는 저장 중 감소하였오 hypoxanthine은 증가하였다. 제품의 유리아미노산은 histidine과 glutamic acid가 대부분을 차지하였고 저장 중 약간 증가하였다. 정어리냉동조미육의 정미성분의 주체는 양적으로 보아 유리아미노산과 핵산관련물질이었고 저장중 총량은 거의 변화가 없었다. 제품의 주요구성지방산은 18:2, 18:1, 16:0 및 18:3 등이있고 저장 중 22:6의 감소율은 제품(B)에서 현저하게 억제되었다. 저장 중 제품 모두 유리드립과 가압드립은 증가하였고 염용성질소는 감소하였다. 텍스튜어는 경도와 질김성이 다소 증가하였으며 탄성과 응집력은 거의 변화가 없었다. 색조는 L값(명도)은 감소하고 b값(황색도)은 약간 증가하였으며 그 변화폭은 표면이 더욱 컸다. 관능검사 결과 제품 모두 저장 120일 동안 품질이 안정하게 유지되었으며 제품(B)의 품질안정성이 가장 우수하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

본 연구는 ET가 함유된 소금의 섭취가 요를 통한 나트륨 배출에 미치는 단기간의 효과를 확인하기 위하여 연구를 수행하였다. 실험기간 동안 일반소금을 섭취한 대조군, ET가 함유된 소금을 섭취한 실험군 Salt + ET에서 식이섭취 및 체중증가는 Day 7에는 통계적으로 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 물 섭취량은 Day 1과 Day 7에서 모두 Salt + ET에서 높은 경향을 보였다. 요량을 측정한 결과 Salt와 비교하여 ET를 섭취한 Salt + ET에서 약 27% 높았으며 Day 1과 Day 7에서 모두 통계적으로 유의적인 증가가 관찰되었다 (p < 0.05). 시험기간 동안 요를 통해 배출된 총 나트륨과 칼륨의 양을 산출한 결과 ET를 섭취한 Salt + ET에서 1일차와 7일차에 모두 높게 나타났으며, 특히 7일차에 ET를 섭취한 Salt + ET에서 유의적으로 증가하였다(p < 0.01). 혈중 나트륨 농도와 칼륨 농도에서는 두 그룹간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때 단기간의 ET 섭취에도 ET의 이뇨작용으로 인한 요량의 증가를 통해 전해질 배출에 도움을 줄 수 있으며 부작용이 많은 이뇨제들 대신으로 쓰일 수 있는 이뇨제 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 향후 더 많은 연구와 분석들을 통해 혈압 강하제의 잠재적인 효과도 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2013

본 연구는 단위 체중 당 비알콜성음료 섭취량이 가장 높았던 1~19세의 어린이 및 청소년을 대상으로 비알콜성음료를 통한 다량무기질의 추정식이섭취량을 산출하여 평가하고자, 음료, 액상커피 및 액상차의 다량무기질의 실측치와 제4기 국민건강영양조사 중 영양조사 (조사 1일 전 식품섭취내용, 24시간 회상법)의 섭취량을 이용하였다. 이를 위하여 어린이 및 청소년 6,082명 전체의 비알콜성음료의 평균소비자와 극단소비자의 비알콜성음료 섭취량을 파악하기위하여 평균, 95percentile 및 분포를 적용한 경우 (scenario I)와 비알콜성음료를 섭취한 어린이와 청소년 1,074명의 섭취량 평균, 95percentile 및 분포를 적용한 경우 (scenario II)로 나누어 살펴보았다. 다량무기질인 나트륨, 칼슘, 인의 위해성평가는 추정식이섭취량과 한국인 영양섭취기준의 목표섭취량 (2.0 g/day) 및 상한섭취량 (칼슘: 2,500 mg/day, 인: 3,000~3,500 mg/day)을 비교하여 %Goal, %UL값으로 위해성 평가를 하였다. 이 때 위해도 평가방법은 평균과 95th percentile을 이용하는 단일값평가와 point value를 사용하는 경우에 발생할 수 있는 불확실성을 최소화하기 위하여 각 변수의 확률밀도함수(Probabilistic Density Functions, PDFs)를 이용한 Monte Carlo simulation을 실시하여 확률평가를 하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) Scenario I의 비알콜성 음료의 평균 및 95th percentile 섭취량은 $74.4{\pm}2.2$, 404.7 g/day로 극단섭취자는 평균섭취자에 비해 5.4배 더 많은 양을 섭취하였다. Scenario II의 평균 및 95th percentile 섭취량은 $265.4{\pm}5.8$, 662.0 g/day로, 극단섭취자는 평균섭취자에 비해 2.5배 더 많은 양을 섭취하였다. 또한 Scenario II의 평균섭취자는 scenario I의 평균섭취자에 비해 3.6배 더 많은 양을 섭취하였으며, scenario II의 극단섭취자는 scenario I의 극단섭취자에 비해 1.6배 더 많은 양을 섭취하였다. 2) 비알콜성음료에 존재하는 다량무기질의 분포는 마그네슘을 제외하고 대부분 왼쪽으로 기울어진 분포를 나타내었다. 비알콜성음료 섭취량 분포는 scenario I에서는 대부분 Logistic 분포를 나타내었으나, scenario II 경우에는 왼쪽으로 기울어진 Max Extreme분포가 되었다. 3) Scenario I에서 확률평가한 다량무기질의 평균 EDI는 나트륨 7.93, 칼슘 10.92, 인 6.73, 칼륨 23.41, 마그네슘 1.11 mg/day였으며, 95th percentile EDI는 나트륨 28.02, 칼슘 44.86, 인 27.43, 칼륨 98.14, 마그네슘 3.87 mg/day이였다. 다량무기질은 목표섭취량이 설정되어있는 나트륨과 상한섭취량이 설정되어있는 칼슘 및 인에 대해서만 위해성 평가를 하였으며 그 결과를 살펴보면, 확률평가한 나트륨의 평균 % Goal은 0.39, 칼슘 및 인의 평균 %UL은 각각 0.43, 0.19이며, 나트륨의 95th percentile %Goal은 2.56, 칼슘 및 인의 95th percentile %UL은 각각 3.71, 1.60이였다. Scenario II에서 확률평가한 다량 무기질의 평균 EDI는 나트륨 19.10, 칼슘 25.77, 인 15.83, 칼륨 56.56, 마그네슘 2.68 mg/day이였으며, 95th percentile EDI는 나트륨 62.67, 칼슘 101.95, 인 62.09, 칼륨 227.92, 마그네슘 8.67 mg/day였다. 확률평가한 나트륨의 평균 %Goal은 0.95, 칼슘 및 인의 평균 %UL은 각각 1.03, 0.45이였으며, 나트륨의 95th percentile %Goal은 3.12, 칼슘 및 인의 평균 %UL은 각각 4.08, 1.75였다. 4) 비알콜성음료 섭취를 통한 다량무기질 중 나트륨, 칼슘, 인의 노출수준은 목표섭취량과 상한섭취량을 초과하는 인구집단은 없는 것으로 나타났으며, Scenario I II에서 나트륨, 칼슘, 인의 평균 및 95th percentile %Goal 및 %UL은 모두 5 이내로 낮은 수준이였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1182-1189
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• 2016

Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 14869 exhibited a carbon catabolite derepressed phenotype that has ability to consume fermentable sugars simultaneously with glucose. To evaluate this unusual phenotype under harsh conditions during fermentation, the effects of lactic acid and hydrogen ion concentrations on L. brevis ATCC 14869 were examined. Kinetic equations describing the relationship between specific cell growth rate and lactic acid or hydrogen ion concentration were deduced empirically. The change of substrate utilization and product formation according to lactic acid and hydrogen ion concentration in the media were quantitatively described. Although the simultaneous utilization has been observed regardless of hydrogen ion or lactic acid concentration, the preference of substrates and the formation of two-carbon products were changed significantly. In particular, acetic acid present in the medium as sodium acetate was consumed by L. brevis ATCC 14869 under extreme pH of both acid and alkaline conditions.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.15-24
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• 1999

A new technique for recycling of white water was developed in order to reduce the calcium hardness in a closed OCC recycling system. Calcium ions present in the white water were precipitated as calcium carbonate by reacting with sodium carbonate, and the precipitated $CaCO_3$ was removed from the system using a flotation fractionation method, which has been commonly used in deinking process. In the flotation stage, a mixed gas of $CO_2$-air was purged into the flotation cell because the pH of $Na_2CO_3$-treated white water was reduced to neutral by $CO_2$ gas. Since $CaCO_3$ precipitate tends to stick onto fine fiber surface and then selectively removed from the white water, a proper amount of suspended solid in white water acts as an important factor for deciding the removal efficiency. By the application of $Na_2CO_3$ addition-$CO_2$ flotation to the short circulated white water, the calcium hardness was significantly reduced by 87% and more. Removal of calcium ions with fine fibers led to a drainage improvement, reduction of fresh water consumption, and enhanced efficiency of wet-end chemicals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.705-711
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• 2004

Growth promoters were added to skim milk to retain the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum to help the product meet the "therapeutic minimum" at the time of consumption. The experiments were divided into two parts. The first part of the study used chicory inulin, isomalto-oligosaccharides and sucrose to investigate the effects of sugars on the activity of L. acidophilus and B. longum. The results indicated that the addition of isomalto-oligosaccharides stimulated growth of L. acidophilus and B. longum, resulting in a higher level of the probiotics after one month storage and yielded better $\beta$-galactosidase activity during fermentation. The second part studied the effects of three growth promoters on the viability of the probiotic cultures and the response surface method was employed to find the optimal ratio for addition of the growth promoters. The optimal ratio for added calcium gluconate, sodium gluconate and N-acetylglucosamine in fermented milk drinks were established. The response surface method proved to be a very effective way of optimizing the activity of probiotic cultures when developing a new fermented milk drink.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.309-320
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• 1995

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of calcium levels(50, 100 and 200% of requirement) on metabolism of Ca, Na and K in Young and adult female rats for 3 weeks. There was no significant difference in feed intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency ratio among the groups of different Ca intake level. Serum Na level of high-Ca group was significantly lower than that of low-Ca or normal-Ca group in Young rats. There was no significant difference in liver Ca and K contents among the groups of different Ca intake levels. But, Na content in liver was decreased by the increase of dietary Ca intake. Ca content in kidney of high-Ca group in young rats and normal-Ca group in adult rats were significantly higher than those of other groups. Na content in kidney of low-Ca group was lower than those of normal-Ca and high-Ca groups. Urinary excretions of Na and K and fecal excretion of Ca were increased by the increase of dietary Ca intake. But, fecal excretions of Na and K were not affected by dietary Ca intake. According to this study, it was found that the high Ca consumption promotes excretions of fecal Ca and urinary Na and K in rats. The study verifies the need for more study on the interrelationship among Ca, Na and K metabolism and bood pressure.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.314-326
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• 1996

Experimental studies were done to research the clinical effect of Insamyunpye-H wan on viscousity of mucin solution, pulmonary thromboembolism, oxygen consumption in $O_3$-exposed and Lung TBA in rats and mice. The result was obtained as follows : 1. In the effect of viscosity sampled from mucin, Insamyunpye-Hwan was revealed to have a significant effect of decrease in the rate of viscousity (p<0.01). 2. In the effect of sodium aracdonic acid induced pulmonary thromboembolism, I samyunpye-Hwan was revealed to have an effect of increasing the number of survival, but were not significant 3. In the effect of ADP induced pulmonary thrornboembolism, Insamyunpye-Hw an was revealed to have an effect of increasing the number of survival, but were not significant 4. In the effect of oxygen cansumption values in rats exposed-$O_3$, Insarnyunpye-Hwan was revealed to have a significant effect (p<0.05). 5. In the effect of the lung TBA values in rats exposed-$O_3$, Isamyunpye-Hwan was revealed to have a significant effect (p<0.05). In connection with the results of the studies, Insamyunpye-Hwan is concluded to be effective on the treatment of cough and lung and respiratory organ damages.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 Proceedings of Pre-symposium of the 10th ISWPC
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• pp.164-171
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• 1999

A new technique for recycling process water was developed in order to reduce the calcium hardness of the closed OCC recycling system. Calcium ions present in the white water were precipitated as calcium carbonate by a reaction with sodium carbonate and the CaCO$_3$precipitates were easily removed from the system by a dissolved air flotation(DAF) method. After the DAF stage, CO$_2$-gas was purged into the water because the pH of Na$_2$CO$_3$-treated white water was reduced to neutral by CO$_2$gas. Since CaCO$_3$precipitate tends to stick onto the fine fiber surface and then is selectively removed from the water, a proper amount of suspended solid in the process water acts as an important factor in deciding the removal efficiency. By the application of Na$_2$CO$_3$addition - DAF - CO$_2$purging to the short circulated white water the calcium hardness was significantly reduced by 92% and more. The removal of calcium ions with fine fibers led to drainage improvement, reduction of fresh water consumption, and enhanced efficiency of wet-end chemicals.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.246-253
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• 2003

With globalization taking place at a rapid speed, more and more people move from one place to another and more people with diverse cultural backgrounds are now living together than ever before. As a result, more people go through the process of acculturation. Dietary acculturation, a part of overall acculturation, is a series of changes that occur in food and nutrient consumption and dietary behaviors. This paper examined dietary acculturation in Korean Americans through a critical literature review. The current diet quality of Korean Americans is fair, and the areas in need of improvement include sodium, calcium, and fiber intakes. Korean Americans had different diet profiles by acculturation status； however, whether dietary acculturation leads to a lower diet quality is not conclusive at this time. This paper also suggests areas that warrant consideration in future research： 1) acculturation measures, 2) dietary measures, 3) possible factors affecting dietary acculturation, 4) health consequences of dietary acculturation, and 5) study design issues. Studying dietary acculturation among immigrants and their offspring is important because it will provide useful insights for designing health and nutrition interventions in both original and new countries. Quality research in dietary acculturation requires collaborations among researchers from different nations because it deals with diverse cultures.