• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.701-705
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• 1992

The effect of different boiling methods(with distilled water, 1% salt added water and 1% sodium bicarbonate added water) on the physicochemical properties of Su Ri Chwi (Synurus palmatopinnonatifidus var. indivisus KITAM.) were investigated. The addition of 1% sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to the boiling water resulted in an increase in the pH of effluent. The green value of cooked Su Ri Chwi was simillar to the raw material. Su Ri Chwi cooked in 1% sodium bicarbonate added for 10minutes retained higher chlorophyll and vitamin C contents than those of Su Ri Chwi treated in distilled water and 1% salt water for 30minutes. 70% of the water-soluble proteins in raw Su Ri Chwi was albumin. However, albumin was decreased by the method used. The contents of glutelin, globulin, and prolamin were increased by the cooking, vice versa. The contents of NDF, ADF, cellulose, and lignin were decreased regardless of the method used, on the other hand, the content of hemicellulose was increased.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1681-1691
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• 2012

This work was conducted to evaluate the effect of dilute sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on barley straw at boiling temperature and fractionation of its biomass components into lignin, hemicellulose, and reducing sugars. To this end, various concentrations of NaOH (0.5% to 2%) were applied for pretreatment of barley straw at $105^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies revealed that 2% NaOH-pretreated barley straw exposed cellulose fibers on which surface granules were abolished due to comprehensive removal of lignin and hemicellulose. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) result showed that the crystalline index was increased with increased concentration of NaOH and found a maximum 71.5% for 2% NaOH-pretreated sample. The maximum removal of lignin and hemicellulose was 84.8% and 79.5% from 2% NaOH-pretreated liquor, respectively. Reducing sugar yield was 86.5% from 2% NaOH-pretreated sample using an enzyme dose containing 20 FPU of cellulase, 40 IU of ${\beta}$-glucosidase, and 4 FXU of xylanase/g substrate. The results of this study suggest that it is possible to produce the bioethanol precursor from barley straw using 2% NaOH at boiling temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.489-494
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• 1997

A comparative transient analyses were performed for oxide and nitride cores or a large (3000 MWt), pool-type, liquid-metal-cooled reactor (LMR). The study was focused on three representative accident initiators with failure to scram : the unprotected loss-of-flow (ULOF), the unprotected transient overpower (UTOP), and the unprotected fast transient overpower (UFTOP). The margins to fuel melting and sodium boiling have been evaluated for these representative transients. The results show that there is an increase in safety margin with nitride core which maintains the physical dimensions of the oxide core.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 1989

Allyl aliphatic carboxylates were synthesized by azotropic reaction with benzene between allyl alcohol and capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid respectively. allyl aliphatic carboxylates oligomers were prepared from polymerization giving allyl aliphatic carvboxylates in the presence of potassium persulfate in methanol, and the ${\alpha}-sulfonation$ of these five allyl aliphatic carboxylates oligomers were carried by direct addition of dry sulfur trioxide. Especially, molecular weights of fatty acid alylester oligomers and their sodium salts of ${\alpha}-sulfo$ fatty acid allylester oligomers were measured by boiling point method.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 1988

The effect of salts on the formation of ${\alpha}$-hemihydrated gypsum at boiling temperature under atmospheric pressure was studied by the solubility measurement method, and the formation of ${\alpha}$-hemihydrated gypsum from by-product gypsum of phosphoric acid process in the salts solution were investigated. The order of catalytic effect of salt on the formation of ${\alpha}$-hemihydrated gypsum are as follows: NH4Cl>NaCl>NaNO3. In the salts solution of sodium nitrate, sodium chloride, and ammonium chloride, prismatic ${\alpha}$-hemihydrated gypsum was obtained and the crystal form was converted to needle form in complex solution with sulfuric acid. The P2O5 content in gypsum was largely decreased in this atmosphoric solution process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.645-650
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• 1997

An oxide fuel small size core (1200 MWt) was analyzed in comparison with a large size core (3600 MWt) in order to evaluate the size effects on transient safety performances of liquid-metal reactors (LMRs). in the first part of the study, main static safety parameters (i.e., Doppler coefficient, sodium void effect, etc.) of the two cores were characterized, and the second part of the study was focused on the dynamic behavior of the cores in two representative transient events: the unprotected loss-of-flow(ULOF) and the unprotected transient overpower (UTOP). Margins to fuel molting and sodium boiling have been evaluated for these representative transients. Results show that the small core has a generally better or equivalent level of safety performances during these events.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1989

Four fatty acid vinyl esters were synthesized by transesterification between vinyl acetate and lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, respectively. Fatty acid vinyl ester oligomers were prepared from polymerization of four fatty acid vinyl esters in the presence of potassium persulfate in methanol. The ${\alpha}-sulfonation$ of these four fatty acid vinyl ester oligomer were carried by direct addition of sulfur trioxide. Especially, molecular weights of sodium ${\alpha}-sulfo$ fatty acid vinyl ester oligomers were measured by boiling point method.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.111-120
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• 2021

During the core disruptive accident (CDA) of sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), the molten fuel and steel are solidified into debris particles, which form debris bed in the lower plenum. When the boiling occurs inside debris bed, the flow of coolant and vapor makes the debris particles relocated and the bed flattened, which called debris bed relocation. Because the thickness of debris bed has great influence on the cooling ability of fuel debris in low plenum, it's very necessary to evaluate the transient changes of the shape and thickness in relocation behavior for CDA simulation analysis. To simulate relocation behavior, a large number of debris bed relocation experiments were carried out by improved bottom gas-injection experimental method in this paper. The effects of different experimental factors on the relocation process were studied from the experiments. The experimental data were also used to further evaluate a semi-empirical onset model for predicting relocation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.207-211
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• 1976

Treated with various methods, body muscle of squid was cross section, stained by Van Gieson staining method, and observed microscopically to study on the state of thin layer of skin separated from meat. Results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. By general hot spring treatment were 1st. 2nd. and 3rd. layers of skin removed from squid muscle but 4th. not. 2. By boiling treatment was tissue of muscle fibre fissured largely toward the muscle fibre. 3. Sodium acetate treatment was superior to sodium nitrate, sodium sulfate and sodium tartrate treatment in the effect that the skin was separated from meat. Especially, concentrate solution of sodium acetate had the most excellent effect in the chemical reagent treatment. 4. By proteolytic enzyme treatment were 1st. 2nd. 3rd. and 4th. layers of skin removed all from squid muscle and the boundary fibre between skin and meat swelled in particular. 5. Two kinds of skin removing method, proteolytic enzyme treatment and sodium acetate treatment, were desirable to the actual processing.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.878-887
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• 2020

A neutral extract (NE), that is soluble in cold water and has excellent antioxidant activity, from Pinus radiata pine bark was prepared by sodium bicarbonate treatment, and its chemical characteristics were investigated. NE was prepared by treating P. radiata bark with 0.8% NaHCO₃ aqueous solution with a 5 : 1 liquor-to-bark ratio at boiling temperature for 1 h, resulting in 44% yield and final pH of 6.66. The yield of NE was 11% higher than that of the hot water extract (HWE) due to the increase in the solubility of polyphenols, the main component in the bark, by NaHCO₃ treatment. NE was characterized through FT-IR, NMR, and MALDI TOF MS analyses. The results indicated that NE is mostly composed of proanthocyanidins (PAs) consisting of procyanidin (PC) units. The acetylated neutral extract (Ac-NE) had weight average molecular weight (${\bar{M}}w$) of 5,300 Da. The Ac-NE had wide molecular weight distribution and its polydispersity (${\bar{M}}w/{\bar{M}}n$) was 6 times higher than that of pure PA. The antioxidant activity of NE was determined by 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and showed that NE had comparable antioxidant activity with pure PA.