• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.895-903
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• 2001

Evaporation cooling phenomena of droplets containing fire suppression agents on a hot metal surface were experimentally investigated. Solution of water containing potassium acetate (30-50% by weight) and sodium bromide (10-30% by weight) were used in the experiments, and surface temperatures were ranged from 70-116$^{\circ}C$. The evaporation time of the droplet on the heated surface was determined by using frame-by-frame analysis of the video records. It is found that the apparent evaporation time is shorter in turns of pure water, sodium bromide solution and potassium acetate solution. However, the time averaged heat flux is higher in turns of pure water, sodium bromide solution and potassium acetate solution. In-depth temperature variation of the hot metal does not occur significantly by the kinds of additive.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.22-30
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• 1995

The effects of agents in padding liquor on the fixation of vinylsulfonyl reactive dye of ground color and on the resist-dischargeability in resist-discharge printing of cotton fabrics with reactive/reactive dyes were investigated. Alkalis, such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium acetate and trichloro sodium acetate, were used to fix the dye for ground color on cotton fabrics. Sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate showed a good fixation of the dye for ground color, but they were ineffective to the white and the colored resistdsichargeabilities, which were caused by the fast fixation of the dye for ground color before its reaction with resist agent in printing paste. Therefore these are not suitable for the agent to fix the dyes for ground color because they deteriorate the resist-dischargeability. In case of sodium acetate, as the fixation yield of the dye for ground color was remarkably low. and the white resistdischargeability was not good, it had better not be used for the agent to fix the dye for ground color. However, the addition of sodium trichloroacetate to padding liquor gave a very good fixation yield of ground color, and showed an excellent resist-dischargeability. The effects of acetic acid in padding liquor on the fixation of the dye for ground color and on the resist-dischargeability were studied in case of immediate printing of resist-discharge pastes after padding and drying and in cases of printing after 1∼3 day-storage of padded goods. By the addition of 2% of 48% acetic acid aqueous solution to padding liquor, the white and the colored resist-dischargeabilities were improved and the fixation of the dye for ground color was good without any troubles. Especially, when the padded goods were stored for 2 or 3 days and printed with resist-discharge printing pastes, its addition was very effective on the resist-dischargeability.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1127-1132
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• 2012

Nargenicin $A_1$ is a 28-membered polyketide macrolide, with antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, produced by Nocardia sp. CS682. In this study, the production of nargenicin $A_1$ was improved by enhancing the supply of different biosynthetic precursors. In Nocardia sp. CS682 (KCTC11297BP), this improvement was ~4.62-fold with the supplementation of 30 mM methyl oleate, 4.25-fold with supplementation of 15mM sodium propionate, and 2.81-fold with supplementation of 15 mM sodium acetate. In Nocardia sp. metK18 and Nocardia sp. CS682 expressing S-adenosylmethionine synthetase (MetK), the production of nargenicin $A_1$ was improved by ~5.57-fold by supplementation with 30 mM methyl oleate, 5.01-fold by supplementation with 15 mM sodium propionate, and 3.64-fold by supplementation with 15 mM sodium acetate. Furthermore, supplementing the culture broth of Nocardia sp. ACC18 and Nocardia sp. CS682 expressing the acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex (AccA2 and AccBE) with 30 mM methyl oleate, 15 mM sodium propionate, or 15 mM sodium acetate resulted in ~6.99-, 6.46-, and 5.58-fold increases, respectively, in nargenicin $A_1$ production. Our overall results showed that among the supplements, methyl oleate was the most effective precursor supporting the highest titers of nargenicin $A_1$ in Nocardia sp. CS682, Nocardia sp. metK18, and Nocardia sp. ACC18.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.377-387
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• 2020

Purpose: To compare between sodium acetate (SA) and sodium chloride (SC) in parenteral nutrition (PN) with associated metabolic acidosis and neonatal morbidities in preterm infants. Methods: Preterm infants below 33 weeks gestational age, and with a birth weight under 1,301 g were enrolled and further stratified into two groups: i) <1,000 g, or ii) ≥1,000 g in birth weight. The subjects were randomized to receive PN containing SA or SC within the first day of life. The results of routine blood investigations for the first 6 days of PN were collated, and the neonatal outcomes were recorded upon discharge or demise. Results: Fifty-two infants entered the study, with 26 in each group: 29 infants had extremely low birth weight (ELBW). There were no significant differences in birth weight, gestation, sex, exposure to chorioamnionitis and antenatal steroids, surfactant doses and duration of mechanical ventilation between groups. The SA group had significantly higher mean pH and base excess (BE) from days 4 to 6 than the SC (mean pH, 7.36 vs. 7.34; mean BE -1.6 vs. -3.5 [p<0.01]), with a two-fold increase in the mean BE among ELBW infants. Significantly fewer on SA required additional bicarbonate (n=4 vs. 13, p=0.01). The rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was approximately four-fold lower in SA than SC (n=3 vs. 11, p<0.01). No significant differences were observed in necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, cholestatic jaundice, and mortality between groups. Conclusion: The use of SA in PN was associated with reduced metabolic acidosis and fewer BPD.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.207-211
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• 1976

Treated with various methods, body muscle of squid was cross section, stained by Van Gieson staining method, and observed microscopically to study on the state of thin layer of skin separated from meat. Results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. By general hot spring treatment were 1st. 2nd. and 3rd. layers of skin removed from squid muscle but 4th. not. 2. By boiling treatment was tissue of muscle fibre fissured largely toward the muscle fibre. 3. Sodium acetate treatment was superior to sodium nitrate, sodium sulfate and sodium tartrate treatment in the effect that the skin was separated from meat. Especially, concentrate solution of sodium acetate had the most excellent effect in the chemical reagent treatment. 4. By proteolytic enzyme treatment were 1st. 2nd. 3rd. and 4th. layers of skin removed all from squid muscle and the boundary fibre between skin and meat swelled in particular. 5. Two kinds of skin removing method, proteolytic enzyme treatment and sodium acetate treatment, were desirable to the actual processing.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 1991

- The effects of sodium acetate on the production of $\gamma$-linolenic acid (GLA) and the secretion of the mycelial lipid into the culture medium with noninnic surfactants were studied with Mucor sp. KCTC 8405P. In the addition of 2.0%) sodium acetate to the basal medium, dry cell weight and total lipid content were increased from 7.8 g/l and 2.46 g/l to 16.0 g/1 and 4.77 g/l, but GLA content was decreased from 18.6% to 13.85%. The growth of Mucor sp. KCTC 8405P was greatly dependent on both the initial pH and the concentration of sodium acetate of culture medium, which was considered as the results of the formation of acetic acid because the fungal growth was completely inhibited at the concentration of acetic acid higher than 22 mM. With the decrease of the oxygen supply, the cell growth, total lipid, and GLA content were sharply decreased in the presence of 2.0% sodium acetate. For the secretion of mycelial lipid into the culture medium, the effects of the various nonionic surfactants were examined. In the addition of 0.5% Tween 80 or Span 80 to the basal medium, 194 mg/l or 263 mg/l of GLA was obtained in the culture medium.

• Cement
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• s.62
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• pp.56-63
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• 1976

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1992

A concentration of 0.01 mM bupivacaine was necessary to maintain approximately 50% depression of contractility of rat atria suspended in a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate glucose medium, pH 7.4 at $30^{\circ}C$. Sodium pyruvate, sodium acetate, and fructose partially restored the contractility of the bupivacaine-depressed atria. However, 20 mM glucose had no effect on the bupivacaine-depressed atria, although this concentration of glucose markedly increased the contractility of normal atria not to be exposed to bupivacaine. Contractility of normal atria was not significantly influenced by sodium pyruvate, sodium acetate, and fructose. The results suggested that at least part of the negative inotropic action of bupivacaine is the result of inhibition of glucose uptake or utilization in the glycolytic pathway, and further pinpoint the blockade as an early step in the glycolytic sequence prior to the phosphofructokinase step.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 1976

Possible methods of protection of non cellulosic fibers, particularly nylon filament yarn, from the damaging effects of light are discussed. Manganese acetate, cupricacetate, G1-06-196 and sodium phosphate are used as a light stabilizer for nylon filament yarn. The light stability of filament containing different weight of TiO$_2$ is increased as the following order: Bright>Semi-Dull>Full-Dull The protection effect against light according to the present of the light stabilizer in filament increased in the following order: Manganese acetate> Cupric acid> G1-06-196> Sodium phosphate Manganese acetate is shown to be the most effecting salt for protecting nylon against light. 15 ppm of the salt is shown to be effective enough for protecting nylon filament yarn against light.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 1998

This research was investigated which denitrification of wastewater containing nitrate, using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket process. The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket process is also used for both artifical and industrial wastewater. Main ingredients investigated in the artifical and industrial wastewater experiment were the determination of optimum organism/nitrate ratios, nitrate removal efficiency by various hydrogen donor addition and characteristics of granular sludge and gas production in case of various hydrogen donor addition. From the experimental results the following conclusions were made: In case of adding methanol, ethanol and sodium acetate as hydrogen donor granular sludge was formed 50 days after seeding. Average diameter of granular sludge was 4.0 mm and settling velocity was 37 cm/min. Production rate of gas 3.3 L/d in case of adding methanol as hydrogen donor in wastewater containing 150mg/L nitrate. However adding ethanol and sodium acetate as hydrogen donor, gas production rate were 2.2-2.7L/d respectively. In case of adding methanol as hydrogen donor treatability of artifical wastewater contained 150mg/L as nitrate was about 93%. But in addition of sodium acetate in wastewater contained 40mg.L as nitrate, nitrate removal efficiency was 80%.