• Solar Energy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 1997

Spherical shape of phase change material(PCM) has been prepared by using sodium acetate trihydrate as a latent heat storage medium. Gelatin was used as an effective thickener to prevent undesirable phase separation. Sodium pyrophosphate decahydrate was used as nucleator to decrease the degree of supercooling in the thickened phase change material. Spherical PCM particles of 3-3.5 mm in diameter continuously manufactured with molten PCM with those conditions. The particle size of PCM was not affected by the effluent velocity of molten PCM in range of 1.3-1.8 ml/min. DSC, SEM and XRD were also used to characterize the properties of PCM particles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2004

The evaporation phenomena of waterr droplet which has sodium acetate trihydrate($CH_3COONa{\cdot}3H_2O$) as a fire suppression additive were studied. Solutions of sodium salt up to 50% and heated stainless-steel surface were used in the experiment. The evaporation process was recorded using a charge-coupled-device camera at 120 frames per second. The average evaporation rate of the sodium acetate trihydrate soluation was lower than that of pure water at a given surface temperature and decreased with the concentration increase due to the precipitation of salt in the liquid film and change of surface tension. The variation of liquied film diameter was measured by time and it was increased by the hot surface temperature increase.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.373-379
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• 2002

This paper was the design of aerosol generator for inhalation toxicology study of lead and evaluation with real time monitoring, and applied several engineering methodology to classical aerosol generator to cope with it's disadvantages. According to the testing conditions, source temperature 50℃ and inlet-duct band heater temperature 150℃, aerosol generation results for sodium chloride and lead acetate were as followings: CPM(Count Per Minute) for Sodium chloride that used for the testing material in aerosol generation and inhalation system was decreased in the 2nd and the 3rd hour's serial trials, but CVs(coefficient of variation) were maintained within 10%. CPMs for 5 and 2.5 gram of lead acetate that used for aerosol generation and inhalation exposure of lead showed similar results because of the sedimentation of lead acetate on piezoelectric crystal with time. For that reason, heating and mixing of nebulizing solution will be needed to generate lead aerosol with stable profile and maximum generation efficiency. Fluctuations of 10 and 5 gram lead acetate were low but 2.5gram was high. However, CVs for 10, 5, and 2.5gram lead acetate were within 10%. Considering the theoretical efficiencies for sodium chloride and lead acetate, 5gram sodium chloride and 2.5gram lead acetate were appropriate choice. Aerosol generation characteristics for two materials with 1 hour interval were different with respect to the fluctuation of CPM and the decrease to 10gram in it's material. For that reason, sodium chloride can not be used to estimate the aerosol generation and it's related parts for lead acetate. According to the testing conditions, source temperature 20, 50, 70℃, and inlet-duct band heater temperature 20, 50, 100, 150, 200℃, aerosol generation results for sodium chloride and lead acetate were as followings: Excluding inlet-duct band temperature 200℃, maximum CPM for sodium chloride was manifested in source temperature 70℃ with each inlet-duct band temperature conditions. We suggest that this condition was the optimum in the design of aerosol generator, inhalation system, and the testing. Maximum CPMs for 10, 5, and 2.5gram sodium chloride were from source temperature 70℃ and inlet-duct band temperature 20℃. Excluding inlet-duct band temperature 50, 200℃, maximum CPMs for lead acetate were indicated in source temperature 50℃ with each inlet-duct band temperature conditions. We suggest that this condition was the optimum in the design of aerosol generator, inhalation system, and the testing for lead inhalation study. Source and inlet-duct band temperatures for 10, 5, 2.5gram lead acetate were 50 and 100℃, 50 and 100℃, 50 and 150℃, respectively. In conclusion, considering above 2 paragraphs of results for aerosol generation, 5gram efficiencies for sodium chloride, lead acetate were higher than 2.5gram's. If inlet-duct band temperature was same, aerosol generation was increased with increase of source temperature. To get maximum aerosol generation will be the conditions that set the appropriate inlet-duel band temperature for each materials and increase the source temperature.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.36-38
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• 2003

The effect of different feeding ratios of concentrate to roughage on ruminal lipid synthesis in vitro was examined. Three sheep fitted with a rumen fistula were fed three different ratios (8:2, 4:6 and 0:10) of concentrate and roughage, and their rumen liquor were used for incubation. $^{13}C$-labeled glucose or sodium acetate as substrate was added to cultures of rumen liquor, and they were incubated for 6 h. The total lipid in the culture of the rumen liquor was extracted, and the percentage of $^{13}C$ excess was analyzed. The percentage of $^{13}C$ excess recovered when incubated with glucose increased with increased ratio of concentrate in the diet. The values of cultures incubated with glucose were higher than those incubated with sodium acetate except the roughage-only feeding. In the roughage-only diet, the percentage of $^{13}C$ excess when incubated with sodium acetate was highest of all diets. The recovery percentage of $^{13}C$ from glucose increased with increased ratio of concentrate. The recovery percentage of $^{13}C$ from sodium acetate addition in only roughage feeding was highest among the three diets. The recovery percentage of $^{13}C$ from glucose was markedly higher than that of sodium acetate addition in all feedings. The results indicate that high concentrate feeding facilitates lipid synthesis by rumen microorganisms, and that glucose may be the precursor for lipid synthesis rather than acetic acid.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.584-592
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• 2022

In this paper, a study was conducted to improve self-healing and strength properties using sodium acetate. The developed inorganic-organic self-healing materials and recycled sodium acetate were manufactured to evaluate self-healing and permeability reduction properties. As a result of the experiment with recycled sodium acetate, the compressive strength of the material prepared with anhydrous and trihydrate at a ratio of 7:4 was higher than that of the mixture using anhydrous. It was confirmed that the compressive strength was improved by 3~7 %. In addition, the maximum permeability reduction rate was 92.6 %, which satisfied the self-healing properties.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2004

Soil testing for silicon (Si) in the upland soils has not been sufficiently investigated. The objective of this study was to identify a suitable Si extraction method for upland soils of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L.). Thirty-eight surface soil samples and matured leaf samples were collected from plastic film houses in Sungju, Gyeongbuk province. In the laboratory, six different methods were used for extracting Si from the soils. The methods included 0.5 N HCl extraction, 1 N sodium acetate buffer (PH 4.0) extraction, citric acid 1% extraction, water extraction, Tiis buffer pH 7.0 extraction, and extraction after incubation with water for 1 week. The concentration of dissolved Si in soil extracts from all methods was determined colorimetrically. With 1 N sodium acetate buffer extraction, as the available soil Si increased, the concentration ofSi in oriental melon leaf increased until around $14g\;SiO_2\;kg^{-1}$ was reached in the form of a saturation curve. Also, among the methods studied, extraction with 1 N sodium acetate buffer was the only method provided a significant linear correlation with oriental melon leaf Si content in the range of extractable soil Si lower than the level which inducing Si saturation in oriental melon leaf. These results indicate that 1 N sodium acetate buffer extraction procedure is the best soil Si test method for upland soils of oriental melon. This sodium acetate buffer extraction procedure is rapid and quite well acquainted with scientists and farmers, since the method has been used for routine paddy soil testing.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.253-262
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• 1991

Microencapsulation of sodium ascorbate with cellulose acetate phthalate(CAP) by coacervation/ phase separation method were carried out. Various factors affecting microencapsulation, i.e., surfactant concentration. CAP concentration, stirring speed and treatment of spermaceti as a sealing agent were studied. Dissolution rate. particle size distribution, surface feature and stability test were investigated. CAP microcapsules prepared using 0.5% span 80 as a surfactant showed smooth and round surfaces. The release of sodium ascorbate was retarded by microencapsulation with CAP and by sealant treatment with spermaceti. When triturated with sodium bicarbonate, CAP microcapsules were more stable than unencapsulated sodium ascorbate under various RH conditions at $37^{\circ}C$.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.880-885
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• 2021

Objective: Omasum is an important site for the absorption of short chain fatty acids. The major route for the transport of acetate is via sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE). However, a discrepancy in the symmetry of sodium and acetate transport has been previously reported, the mechanism of which is unclear. In this study, we investigated the possible role of carbonic anhydrase (CA) for this asymmetry. Methods: Omasal tissues were isolated from healthy sheep (N = 3) and divided into four groups; pH 7.4 and 6.4 alone and in combination with Ethoxzolamide. Electrophysiological measurements were made using Ussing chamber and the electrical measurements were made using computer controlled voltage clamp apparatus. Effect(s) of CA inhibitor on acetate and sodium transport flux rate of Na22 and 14C-acetate was measured in three different flux time periods. Data were presented as mean±standard deviation and level of significance was ascertained at p≤0.05. Results: Mucosal to serosal flux of Na (JmsNa) was greater than mucosal to serosal flux of acetate (JmsAc) when the pH was decreased from 7.4 to 6.4. However, the addition of CA inhibitor almost completely abolished this discrepancy (JmsNa ≈ JmsAc). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that the additional protons required to drive the NHE were provided by the CA enzyme in the isolated omasal epithelium. The findings of this study also suggest that the functions of CA may be exploited for better absorption in omasum.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.134-142
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• 1995

In order to elevate the efficiency of methane fermentation using the paper mill sludge, this experiment was conducted at two temperature conditions($35^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$), and overlooked the addition effects of ethyl acetate as a substrate, nickel as a constituent of $F_430$, and sulfur as a cell growth factor and reductant. The cellulose of paper mill sludge was degraded to lower molecular materials by heating at $60^{\circ}C$ and NaOH treatment. Methane forming rates were 4.8% from NaOH-treated paper mill sludge added with ethyl acetate, 16.5% with sodium sulfide, 19.8% with nickel trioxide, 31.9% with mixture, and 9.6% with control at $60^{\circ}C$, but 0.21% with ethyl acetate, 2.14% with nickel acetate, 3.02% with nickel sulfate, 3.34% with nickel trioxide and 0.62% with control at $35^{\circ}C$. Therefore, methane yield was increased by approximately 10-fold at $60^{\circ}C$ than $35^{\circ}C$, and fermentation liquid added with mixture(nickel trioxide+ethyl acetate+sodium sulfide) at $60^{\circ}C$ showed the medium pH(7.0), higher COD value and lower nitrogen content.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1410-1415
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• 2006

Media components, including date juice, sodium acetate, peptone, and $K_{2}HPO_4$, which were screened by Plackett-Burman fractional factorial design, were optimized for lactic acid production from date juice using the response surface method (RSM). Sodium acetate, peptone (p<0.0001), and $K_{2}HPO_4$ (p=0.0029) were highly significant in influencing the lactic acid production. Close correlationship between predicted and experimental values was observed. When the optimum values of the parameters obtained through RSM (25.0 g/l date sugar, 15.0 g/l sodium acetate, 19.1 g/l peptone, and 4.7 g/l $K_{2}HPO_4$) were applied, lactic acid production (22.7 g/l) increased by 50.33%, compared with unoptimized media (15.1 g/l). The subsequent validation experiments confirmed the validity of the statistical model.