• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1631-1634
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• 2011

This study was conducted to estimate the general components, minerals, and dietary fiber contents of Synurus deltoides. S. deltoides contained 81.1% moisture content, and the proportions of crude fat, crude protein, crude ash, and crude fiber were 0.3%, 4.2%, 2.6%, and 3.5%, respectively. Potassium (3,249.1 mg) was the most abundant component among the minerals in S. deltoides. In addition, S. deltoides contained many other minerals, e.g. calcium (854.8 mg), phosphorus (60.3 mg), magnesium (344.7 mg), sodium (57.3 mg), zinc (1.7 mg), iron (30.9 mg), copper (0.8 mg), and manganese (5.8 mg). Almost all of the mineral contents of S. deltoides were higher than those of Aster scaber and Ligularia fischeri, except for zinc, copper, and manganese. Total dietary fiber (TDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) contents of S. deltoides were 42.6 g, 37.9 g, and 4.7 g, respectively, and these were also higher than those of A. scaber and L. fischeri used in this study. These results suggest that S. deltoides may be a valuable nutrient source.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.71-83
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• 1989

For the development of $^{99m}Tc-labelled$ antimony sulfide colloid and hydroxyethyl starch, various experiments such as preparation of colloid, control of the distribution of particle size, establishment of labelling conditions, determination of labelling yield and radiochemical purity, examination of stability, and organ imagings of rabbits etc. were carried out. 1) Antimony sulfide colloid was readily prepared by the reaction of aqueous solution of antimony potassium tartrate with hydrogen sulfide generated by treating ferrous sulfide with dilute sulfuric acid. The colloid could be stabilized by adding small amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone. 2) Electron microscopy analysis exhibited the distribution of colloid size in the range of $1\sim15nm$ with a major portion of 9 m. The colloid solution was sterilized by membrane filtration $(0.2{\mu}m)$ and then stored at $4^{\circ}C$. This sterilized colloid was so stable that it was usable at least for one year. 3) The antimony sulfide colloid was labelled by adding sodium $pertechnetate-^{99m}Tc$ solution to the reaction vial, followed by adding hydrochloric acid and then boiled for 30 min. The optimal pH of the reaction mixture was found to be in the range of $1.3\sim1.4$. Instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC) analysis showed high labelling yield of above 99.5%. This labelled colloid maintained high radio-chemical purity of above 99% until 10 hours after labelling. 4) Animal studies showed high uptake of $^{99m}Tc-Sb_2S_3$ colloid at lymph vessels and nodes indicating a suitable agent for lymphoscintigraphy. Satisfactory results were also abtained in other clinical studies. 5) Hydroxyethyl starch (HES $0.6\sim1.0%$) was labelled with $Na^{99m}TcO_4$ in the presence of $SnCl_2$ with high labelling yield of above 99.5%. The optimal pH of the reaction mixture was in the range of $1.8\sim2.0$. $^{99m}Tc-HES$ maintained high radiochemical purity of above 99% until 10 hours after labelling. 6) Animal studies showed that $^{99m}Tc-HES$ migrated more rapidly from the injection sites into the lymph vessels than $^{99m}Tc-Sb_2S_3$ colloid while less amount of the former was uptaken at lymph nodes than that of the latter. Similar phenomenon was also observed in other clinical studies. As a result, $^{99m}Tc-Sb_2S_3$ colloid was found to be more effective lymphoscintigraphic agent than $^{99m}Tc-HES$.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.701-711
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the pH and buffering capacity in some commercial fermented milks in Korea. Methods : The study was carried ouf from June to August, 2012. In 35 liquid type, 79 condense-stirred type and 71 condense-drink type fermented milks, available on the market, pH and buffering capacity were measured. Titration(with NaOH) was used to determine the buffering effect of each fermented milk. They were titrated with 1 M sodium hydroxide, added in 0.1 milliliters increments, until the pH reached about 5.5 and 7.0. Results : The average pH of tested fermented milks was $4.08{\pm}0.27$. The average pH values of fermented milks were $3.64{\pm}0.22$ in liquid type, $4.14{\pm}0.12$ in condense-stirred type, and $4.22{\pm}0.17$ condense-drink type. The average buffering capacity (pH 5.5) of tested fermented milk was $2.40{\pm}0.54$. The average buffering capacity (pH 5.5) of liquid type fermented milk was $2.37{\pm}0.33$, condense-stirred type fermented milk was $2.77{\pm}0.46$ and condense-drink type fermented milk was $2.01{\pm}0.42$. The average buffering capacity (pH 7.0) of tested fermented milks was $4.00{\pm}0.87$. The average buffering capacity (pH 7.0) of liquid type fermented milk was $3.11{\pm}0.36$, condense-stirred type fermented milk was $4.78{\pm}0.55$ and condense-drink type fermented milk was $3.58{\pm}0.59$. Conclusions : The average pH of tested fermented milks in this study was lower than pH 4.5. The type of fermented milks was an important factor for selection of fermented milk which is related with enamel erosion.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.375-380
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• 2009

Polyepichlorohydrin rubber was treated with sodium azide (Na$N_3$) to replace its chlorine by azide ($N_3$). Then, the azidated polyepichlorohydrin rubber (Az-PECH) was blended with thermoplastic styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer with the rubber/plastic ratio of 80/20, 70/30 and 60/40 (wt/wt). The miscibility, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties as well as elastic recovery properties of the blends were evaluated by DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer) and tensile tests. When azidation level in azidated PECH was upto 50%, the blends exhibited excellent miscibility, manifested by a single $T_g$, and fairly good elastic recovery. When azidation level was 75%, the blends showed phase separation. The miscible Az-PECH/SAN blends exhibited typical thermoplastic elastomer like properties, ie. melt processibility and high extensibility as well as good elastic recovery rate. It was also observed from combustion test that higher energy is released with the increase in the azidation level of the Az-PECH in the blends.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.235-244
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to develop a new silage inoculant for barley at forage analysis laboratory, Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA from 2000 to 2002. Barley is very important crop in Korea. The great part of them is utilized as forage. Generally, it contains a lot of grains that are feed of animal, especially whole crop silage in ruminant. Efficient lactic acid bacteria were isolated from good barley silage by plating MRS agar containing 0.02% sodium azide, and assessed by growing and acid producing ability in MRS broth. Four lactic acid bacteria were selected, and were found to be Gram positive, rods and catalase negative and were identified to be Lactobacillus plantarum on the basis of the biochemical characteristics and utilization of substrates. Barley was ensiled at dough stage following treatment with four lactic acid bacteria, commercial inoculant, and no additive (control). After 2 months, B2-2 bacteria inoculated silage was lower pH and higher lactic acid content than others treatments. The Flieg's score and grade of B2-2 bacteria treated silage were higher than commercial inoculant. According to this experiment, Lactobacillus plantarum B2-2 (NLRI 201) was recommendable for good silage inoculant of whole crop barley silage.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.467-475
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• 2000

The water extracts of Jagamcho-tang has been used for treatment of arrhythmia and palpitation in oriental traditional medicine. Brain is provided with blood flow by heart. Jagamcho-tang has been studied on ischemia and infarction in heart. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the water extracts of Jagamcho-tang rescues brain cells from ischemic damages. To elucidate the protective mechanism on ischemic induced cytotoxicity, the effects of Jagamcho-tang on ischemia induced cytotoxicity and generation of nitric oxide(NO) are investigated in C6 glioma cells. Jagamcho-tang induce NO in a dose dependent manner up to 2.5mg/ml in C6 glioma cells. The pretreatment of Jagamcho-tang protect sodium nitroprusside(SNP) (2mM) induced cytotoxicity. This effect of Jagamcho-tang is mimicked by treatment by pretreatment of SNP($100{\mu}M$), an exogenous NO donor. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine($N^{G}MMA$), a specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), significantly blocks the protective effects of Jagamcho-tang on cell toxicity by ischemia. In addition, lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and phorhol 12 myristate 13-acetate(PMA) treatment for 72h in C6 glial cells markedly induce NO, but treatment of the cells with the water extracts of Jagamcho-tang decrease nitrite formation in a dose dependent manner. In addition, LPS and PMA treatment for 72h induce severe cell death and LDH release into medium in C6 glial cells. However treatment of the cells with the water extracts of Jagamcho-tang dose not induce significant changes compare to control cells. Furthermore, the protective effects of the water extracts of Jagamcho-tang is mimicked by treatment of $N^{G}MMA$. Taken together, I suggest that the protective effects of the water extracts of Jagamcho-tang against ischemic brain damages may be mediated by regulation of iNOS during ischemic condition.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2013

In order to optimize the gold leaching process from refractory sulfide concentrate, a chlorine-hypochlorite solution with varying concentrations and temperatures were applied to salt-roasted concentrate. The concentrate consisted of pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena, which were turned into hematite through air-roasting at $750^{\circ}C$. Also these concentrates were changed into hematite and nantokite (CuCl)) through salt (NaCl)-roasting at $750^{\circ}C$. The results of the gold leaching experiments showed that the best gold leaching parameters were obtained when the hydrochloric acid-sodium hypochlorite mix was at a ratio of 1 : 2, the added concentration was 1.0 M concentration, the pulp density was 1.0%, and the leaching was done at a $60^{\circ}C$ leaching temperature. The leaching rate for gold was much greater in the roasted concentrate than in the raw concentrate. The leaching rate was greater in the salt-roasted concentrate than in the plain roasted concentrate too. From XRD analysis, quartz was found in the salt-roasted concentrate and in the solid residue from the chlorine-hypochlorite leaching solution at $60^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.9 s.89
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• pp.1290-1293
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• 2007

The nutritional composition of fruiting body of Sparassis crispa has been analyzed for medicinal and edible uses. Minerals in S. crispa were found to be as follows; potassium (1,299.44 mg), phosphorus (104.73 mg), sodium (98.21 mg), magnesium (54.86 mg), calcium (8.39 mg), iron (7.61 mg), zinc (6.37 mg), copper (1.31 mg) and manganese (0.63 mg) based on 100 g of mushroom dry weight. In 20 kinds of total amino acids found in S. crispa, sum of glutamic acid and glutamine content was the highest (1,960 mg/l00 g) and sum of aspartic acid and asparagine, tryptophan, leucine and alanine were followed. Concerning free amino acids, glutamic acid, tryptophan, glutamine and aspartic acid were dominant. Among 8 vitamins detected, the vitamin E content was the highest (408.5 mg) based on 100 g of mushroom dry weight, then vitamin C, niacin and pantothenic acid were followed.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 1987

Cellulolytic mocrooganisms were isolated from the cellulose-cultural properties. Among them, Aspergillus clavatus with the highest cellulase activity was identified by the morphological characteristics and it's enzyme activities were compared on the various cultural conditions. It was found that the induction of carboxymethylcellulase(CMCase), avicelase and salicinase in CMC liquid media showed the highest enzyme acitivity on five day's cultivation at $30^{\circ}C$ and thereafter their activities were gradually decreased with time. After crude extracellular enzymes precipitated with the 70% saturated ammonium sulfate solution were dialyzed with 20 mM acetate buffer pH 6.0, each crude enzyme was examined. The optimal activities of CMCase and avicelase were both found to be at $50^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.0. Their thermal stability was appeared at the $50^{\circ}C$. CMCase and avicelase had the maxima activities with 1.5% and 2.2% substrate concentration, respectively. The concentration of 5 mM $Mg^{++}$ or $Ca^{++}$ was found to have a maximum cellulase activity and its activity was inhibited with more than 5 mM $Cu^{++}$ and $Zn^{++}$ concentration. Cellulase activity was also inhibited sensitively by the inhibitors such as 2-mercaptoethanol, iodine and sodium azide.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.473-477
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• 2001

Chitosan has been used as an effective adsorbant for the treatment of wastewater from seafood processing. We investigated the effects of deacetylation degree (DD) and molecular weight (MW) of chitosan on protein adsorption ability and also the optimum conditions of chitosan treatment for protein adsorption in 3 kinds of protein (albumin, hemoglobin and albumin-myoglobin mixture) solutions. The higher deacetylation degree and the lower molecular weight chitosan, the higher adsorption for water soluble proteins was accomplished. The optimum pHs for adsorption of albumin, hemoglobin and albumin-myoglobin mixture (4: 1, w/w) were 4.0, 7.0 and 4.0 respectively and the optimum time was $3\~4$ hrs for all proteins. Sodium chloride in the model system of protein solution was a preventing factor for protein adsorption ability of chitosan (DD=$80\%$, MW=350 kDa).