• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of L-carnitine on growth performance, organ weight, biochemical parameters of blood, heart and liver, and ascites susceptibility of broilers at different ages reared under a low-temperature environment. A total of 420 1-d-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments with fifteen replicates of fourteen broilers each. Treatment diets consisted of L-carnitine supplementation at levels of 0 and 100 mg/kg. At 11-d of age, low temperature stress was used to increase ascites susceptibility. Blood, heart and liver samples were collected at different ages for analysis of boichemical parameters. The results showed that, there was no significant difference in growth performance with L-carnitine supplementation, but the mortality due to ascites was significantly decreased. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced heart index (HI) and ascites heart index (AHI) on d 21, lung index (LUI) on d 35 and liver index (LI) on d 42. The broilers fed diets containing L-carnitine had significantly lower red blood cell counts (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB) concentration and hematocrit (HCT) on d 42. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content of heart tissue on d 21 and 35, and significantly increased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of the heart on d 21 and 42. L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced serum triglyceride (TG) content on d 28 and 35 and serum glucose (GLU) on d 35 and 42, and significantly increased serum total protein (TP) and globulin (GLO) content on d 42. L-carnitine supplementation significantly enhanced liver succinodehydrogenase (SDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH) and $Na^+$-$K^+$-ATPase activity on d 28, and tended to reduce the lactic acid (LD) level of liver on d 35 (p = 0.06). L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced serum uric acid (UA) content on d 28, 35 and 42. Based on the current results, it can be concluded that dietary L-carnitine supplementation reduced organ index, red blood cell counts and hematocrit, enhanced antioxidative capacity of the heart, enhanced liver enzymes activity involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle, and reduced serum glucose and triglyceride. Therefore, it is suggested that L-carnitine can potentially reduce susceptibility and mortality due to ascites.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.603-617
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 2015년 3월부터 2017년 3월까지 친환경 인증 복숭아 재배현황, 유기농산물인증 복숭아 과원의 관리현황 및 병해충 발생실태를 조사하였다. 조사 기간 동안 복숭아 유기인증 농가는 65.5%, 무농약인증 농가는 31.7% 증가하여 매우 높은 증가 추세를 나타냈다. 복숭아 유기농산물인증 농가 중 대표적인 6 농가를 선발하여 재배현황을 살펴보았다. 조사한 모든 농가에서 녹비작물을 재배하거나 초생재배를 실시하고 예초를 최소한(평균 2.5회)으로 실시하였다. 토양 양분관리를 위해 가축분퇴비, 유박 및 자가제조 액비를 사용하는 농가가 많았으며, 병해충 방제를 위해 보르도액, 석회유황합제, 교미교란제 및 자가제조 식물 추출물을 사용하고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 병해충 피해현황을 살펴보았을 때 충해로 인한 피해는 31.6%, 병해로 인한 피해는 24.1%로 충해로 인한 피해가 다소 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 주요 발생 병해충으로는 복숭아순나방이 13.5%로 가장 많은 피해를 유발하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 잿빛무늬병(13.0%), 복숭아심식나방(7.3%) 및 세균성구멍병(7.3%)이 문제 되고 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2010

This study was to investigate the effect of flavonoid treatment on in vitro development of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos, and their pregnancy and delivery rate after embryo transfer into recipient. In experiment 1, to optimize the flavonoid concentration, parthenogenetic day 2 ($\geq$ 2-cell) embryos were cultured in 0 (control), 1, 10 and $20\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid for 6 days. In the results, in vitro development rate was the highest in $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid group (57.1%) among treatment groups (control, 49.5%; $1\;{\mu}M$, 54.2%; $20\;{\mu}M$, 37.5%), and numbers of total and ICM cells were significantly (p<0.05) higher in $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid group than other groups. We found that $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid treatment can significantly (p<0.05) decrease the apoptotic index and derive high expression of anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, cell growth and development marker genes such as Mn-SOD, Survivin, Bax inhibitor, Glut-5, In-tau, compared to control group. In experiment 2, to produce the cloned Jeju Black Cattle, beef quality index grade 1 bull somatic cells were transferred into enucleated bovine MII oocytes and reconstructed embryos were cultured in $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid added medium. When the in vitro produced day 7 or 8 SCNT blastocysts were transferred into a number of recipients, $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid treatment group presented higher pregnancy rate (10.2%, 6/59) than control group (5.9%, 2/34). Total three cloned Jeju Black calves were born. Also, two cloned calves in $10\;{\mu}M$ flavonoid group were born and both were all healthy at present, while the one cloned calf born in control group was dead one month after birth. In addition, when the result of short tandem repeat marker analysis of each cloned calf was investigated, microsatellite loci of 11 numbers matched genotype between donor cell and cloned calf tissue. These results demonstrated that the flavonoid addition in culture medium may have beneficial effects on in vitro and in vivo developmental capacity of SCNT embryos and pregnancy rate.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 고기능성 쌀인 큰눈자미 배아의 phytosterols 함량 및 in vitro 항산화 활성을 평가하고, 성숙기 흰쥐에게 보충 급여한 당질 대사, 항산화 활성 및 일부 cytokines 개선 효과 여부를 검증하였다. Phytosterols 분석에서 NG보다 KG의 campesterol과 stigmasterol의 함량이 유의하게 높았다. NG에 비해 KG가 DPPH radical 소거 활성, 환원력 및 ABTS radical 소거능 측정에서 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타내었다. 실험동물은 각 10마리씩 3군으로 나누어 일반 식이를 급여하는 NC군, 일반현미배아 3%를 첨가하는 NG3군, 큰눈자미배아 3%를 첨가하는 KG3군으로 나누어 사육하였다. 그 결과 KG3군에서 체중증가량, 신장주위 및 총 지방량이 유의하게 감소하였다. 당질 대사에서 실험군들 간에 glucose, 인슐린, C-peptide 및 HOMA-IR의 수준이 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. KG3군에서 혈중 TNF-α 수준이 NG3에 비해 유의적으로 감소하고, SOD 활성이 유의하게 증가하였으며, leptin, AOPP 및 IL-6 수준이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로부터 큰눈자미 배아는 높은 함량의 phytosterols과, 우수한 in vitro 항산화활성, 그리고 in vivo 실험에서 일부의 cytokine 개선 및 항산화에 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 제시하였고 향후 더 많은 생리활성물질 분석, 대사 지표 개선, 작용 기전 규명 등 세부적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.566-571
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 기존 생맥산에 압출성형공정과 발효과정을 추가하여 제조한 생맥산의 건강 기능성 식품소재 개발을 위한 연구의 일환으로 기존 생맥산(ES)과, 추출과정에 발효과정을 추가하여 제조한 생맥산(백삼(FSW), 홍삼(FSR), 압출성형백삼(FSE))을 제조하여 항산화 활성을 측정 비교하였다. 실험에 사용한 압출성형기는 실험용 쌍축이며 20%의 수분함량과 $120^{\circ}C$의 배럴온도로 압출성형 백삼을 제조하였다. 전반적으로 발효과정을 추가한 생맥산이 기존 생맥산보다 항산화 활성이 높게 측정되었다. 이는 발효과정에서 기존 성분의 분해, 새로운 성분의 생성과 같은 대사작용에 의해 항산화 물질의 양이 증가한 결과로 사료된다. 총 페놀성 화합물, DPPH에 의한 전자공여능, 산성다당체, 환원력, 안토시아닌의 함량은 홍삼, 맥문동, 오미자를 추출 후 발효시킨 생맥산(FSR)이 가장 높게 측정되었으며, FSE, FSW, ES의 순서로 높게 측정되었다. SOD 유사활성, 플라보노이드 함량은 압출성형 백삼, 맥문동, 오미자를 추출 후 발효시킨 생맥산(FSE)이 가장 높게 측정되었다. 압출성형 백삼을 첨가한 생맥산이 백삼을 첨가한 생맥산보다 높은 항산화 활성을 나타냈고, 홍삼을 첨가한 생맥산과 비슷한 항산화 활성을 보였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 기존의 생맥산에 발효과정을 추가하고 백삼 대신 압출성형 백삼을 사용하여 제조한 생맥산의 항산화 활성이 우수함이 확인되었고, 이를 이용한 건강 기능성 식품소재의 개발성과 연구의 필요성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.393-404
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• 1999

We have reported that hypoxia stimulates EDRF(s) release from endothelial cells and the release may be augmented by previous hypoxia. As a mechanism, it was hypothesized that reoxygenation can stimulate EDRF(s) release from endothelial cells and we tested the hypothesis via bioassay experiment. In the bioassay experiment, rabbit aorta with endothelium was used as EDRF donor vessel and rabbit carotid artery without endothelium as a bioassay test ring. The test ring was contracted by prostaglandin $F_{2a}\;(3{\times}10^{-6}\;M)$ which was added to the solution perfusing through the aorta. Hypoxia was evoked by switching the solution aerated with 95% $O_2/5%\;CO_2$ mixed gas to one aerated with 95% $O_2/5%\;CO_2$ mixed gas. Hypoxia/reoxygenation were interexchanged at intervals of 2 minutes (intermittent hypoxia). In some experiments, endothelial cells were exposed to 10-minute hypoxia (continuous hypoxia) and then exposed to reoxygenation and intermittent hypoxia. In other experiments, the duration of reoxygenation was extended from 2 minutes to 5 minutes. When the donor aorta was exposed to intermittent hypoxia, hypoxia stimulated EDRF(s) release from endothelial cells and the hypoxia-induced EDRF(s) release was augmented by previous hypoxia/reoxygenation. When the donor aorta was exposed to continuous hypoxia, there was no increase of hypoxia-induced EDRF(s) release during hypoxia. But, after the donor aorta was exposed to reoxygenation, hypoxia-induced EDRF(s) release was markedly increased. When the donor aorta was pretreated with nitro-L-arginine $(10^{-5}$ M for 30 minutes), the initial hypoxia-induced EDRF(s) release was almost completely abolished, but the mechanism for EDRF(s) release by the reoxygenation and subsequent hypoxia still remained to be clarified. TEA also blocked incompletely hypoxia-induced and hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced EDRF(s) release. EDRF(s) release by repetitive hypoxia and reoxygenation was completely blocked by the combined treatment with nitro-L-arginine and TEA. Cytochrome P450 blocker, SKF-525A, inhibited the EDRF(s) release reversibly and endothelin antgonists, BQ 123 and BQ 788, had no effect on the release of endothelium-derived vasoactive factors. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase inhibited the EDRF(s) release from endothelial cells. From these data, it could be concluded that reoxygenation stimulates EDRF(s) release and hypoxia/reoxygenation can release not only NO but also another EDRF from endothelial cells by the production of oxygen free radicals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1195-1201
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• 2009

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary alpha-lipoic acid (LA) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in Arbor Acres broilers. A total of 240 1-d-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments (0, 300 ppm, 600 ppm, and 900 ppm dietary LA supplementation, respectively). Birds were slaughtered at 42 days old. Live body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), average feed intake (AFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), dressing percentage, breast muscle percentage, thigh muscle percentage, abdominal fat percentage, muscle color (L*, a*, b*), pH values at 24 h postmortem, meat shear force value (SFV) and anti-oxidative ability were measured. Results showed that addition of 600 ppm or 900 ppm LA decreased BW (p<0.01), ADG (p<0.01) and AFI (p<0.05) compared with other diets. FCR was not affected by dietary LA content. LA had no marked effect on dressing percentage, breast muscle percentage or thigh muscle percentage. Abdominal fat percentage was lower (p<0.05) in the 900 ppm LA supplementation group than the control group. Dietary 900 ppm LA increased (p<0.05) breast and thigh muscle pH value at 24 h postmortem compared with the control treatment. Dietary LA increased thigh muscle a* value, though no significant difference was found in thigh muscle a* value among the treatments. Dietary LA significantly decreased breast muscle L* value (p<0.05), breast muscle b* value (p<0.01) and thigh muscle b* value (p<0.05). Broilers fed LA had higher breast muscle a* value (p<0.05) and thigh muscle L* value (p<0.05). All test groups had lower (p<0.05) breast muscle SFV than the control group. Dietary 600 ppm or 900 ppm LA both decreased (p<0.01) thigh muscle SFV compared with the control treatment. Dietary 900 ppm LA significantly increased (p<0.05) TAOC, SOD and GSHPx compared with no LA treatment. Broilers fed LA had lower (p<0.01) MDA compared with the control treatment. These results suggested that dietary LA enhanced the anti-oxidative ability and oxidative stability, and contributed to the improvement of meat quality in broilers.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.334-351
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the improvement effect of white ginseng extract (GS-KG9) on D-galactosamine (Ga1N)-induced oxidative stress and liver injury. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Rats were orally administrated with GS-KG9 (300, 500, or 700 mg/kg) or silymarin (25 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. The rats of the GS-KG9- and silymarin-treated groups and a control group were then intraperitoneally injected Ga1N at a concentration of 650 mg/kg for 4 days. To investigate the protective effect of GS-KG9 against GalN-induced liver injury, blood liver function indicators, anti-oxidative stress indicators, and histopathological features were analyzed. RESULTS: Serum biochemical analysis indicated that GS-KG9 ameliorated the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in GalN-treated rats. The hepatoprotective effects of GS-KG9 involved enhancing components of the hepatic antioxidant defense system, including glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). In addition, GS-KG9 treatment inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by GalN treatment in hepatocytes and significantly increased the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins, which are antioxidant proteins. In particular, by histological analyses bases on hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, α-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor-β1 staining, we determined that the administration of 500 mg/kg GS-KG9 inhibited hepatic inflammation and fibrosis due to the excessive accumulation of collagen. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that GS-KG9 improves GalN-induced liver inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis by attenuating oxidative stress. Therefore, GS-KG9 may be considered a useful candidate in the development of a natural preventive agent against liver injury.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권10호
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• pp.1535-1542
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• 2014

어류 부산물인 명태 껍질에서 콜라겐을 추출하기 위하여 0.1 N NaOH로 알칼리 처리 후 pepsin으로 효소 처리하였고 저분자화를 위해 neutrase를 이용하여 분자량별로 콜라겐을 제조하였다. 콜라겐은 1 kDa 이하, 1~3 kDa, 3~10 kDa 및 10 kDa 이상으로 분자량별로 분리하여 이화학적 특성 및 생리활성을 조사하였다. 분자량에 따른 콜라겐 함량은 1 kDa 이하에서 36.43%로 가장 높았으며 유리 아미노산 조성은 1 kDa 이하, 1~3 kDa, 3~10 kDa 및 10 kDa 이상에서 각각 1,603.69, 1,000.55, 475.04, 415.73 mg/100 g으로 분자량이 작을수록 유리 아미노산의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 콜라겐의 분자구조를 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy로 측정한 결과 분자량에 따른 콜라겐 모두 amide A, amide I, amide II, amide III의 범위에 wavenumber 속에 포함되었으며 콜라겐 표준품과 유사한 peak band 값을 나타내어 화학구조가 동일함을 알 수 있었다. 전자공여능과 superoxide dismutase 유사 활성은 1 kDa 이하에서 각각 29.51%, 38.45%로 가장 높았으며 분자량이 커질수록 그 값은 감소하였다. 멜라닌 합성에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 ${\alpha}$-MSH를 첨가한 tyrosinase 활성 측정은 1 kDa 이하에서 농도 유의적으로 tyrosinase 활성을 저해시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 광노화에 의한 피부 주름 개선 효과는 HS68 cell을 이용하여 MMP-1 저해 활성을 측정하였고 그 결과 10 kDa 이상에서는 MMP-1 저해 활성이 나타나지 않았으나 3 kDa 이하에서는 MMP-1 저해 활성이 나타나 세포 보호 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 콜라겐의 분자량은 항산화 활성 및 생리활성과 유의적인 상관관계를 나타내어 저분자 콜라겐은 기능성 식품 및 화장품 소재로서 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2011

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different mycotoxin adsorbents including esterified glucomannan (EGM), hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) and compound mycotoxin adsorbent (CMA) on performance, blood parameters, and liver pathological changes in broilers fed mold-contaminated feed. Two hundred and forty 10-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of the five dietary treatments including: i) control diet; ii) mold-contaminated diet; iii) moldcontaminated diet+0.05% EGM; iv) mold-contaminated diet+0.2% HSCAS; v) mold-contaminated diet+0.1% CMA. At 35-days-old, blood and liver tissue samples were collected for analysis. 0.1% CMA improved ADG and ADFI during 10-42 d compared to the moldcontaminated group (p<0.05). The mold-contaminated diet increased total white blood cell (WBC) number, haemoglobin (Hgb) concentration, hematocrit (Hct) level, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities, and decreased red blood cell (RBC) number and serum globulin (GLB) and urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations (p<0.05). The three mycotoxin adsorbents alleviated the alteration of RBC, WBC, Hgb and AST caused by the mold-contaminated diet. Furthermore, 0.1% CMA increased GLB concentration and decreased Hct level and GGT activity (p<0.05). Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was reduced, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was increased by the mold-contaminated diet (p<0.05). Both EGM and HSCAS prevented the increase of MPO activity (p<0.05). Liver lesion, including severe vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, was observed in chicks fed the mold-contaminated diet. 0.05% EGM prevented these effects except for biliary hyperplasia and mild vacuolar degeneration. 0.2% HSCAS showed medium vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes. Liver of broilers fed 0.1% CMA revealed a mild vacuolar degeneration. These results indicate that a mold-contaminated diet results in adverse effects on blood parameters and liver morphology. 0.05% EGM and 0.2% HSCAS partially alleviated the adverse effects. However, 0.1% CMA almost completely ameliorated the adverse effects.