• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the eating habits and attitudes by socioeconomic factors(sex, age, educational level and annual family income) of adults in rural areas. The survey was administered by the nationwide 580 adult persons in rural in February 2001. The survey was conducted by a questionnaire that was composed of 20 items of likert-type scale. These data were analyzed by using SPSS(version 10.0) PC package and were expressed by mean and frequency. The results are following : 1) The degree of efforts to eating safe and fresh food were significantly different according to age(p<0.05), educational level(p<0.001) and annual family income(p<0.001). 2) The degree of efforts to nutritional balanced diet were significantly different by age(p<0.05) and annual family income(p<0.00l). 3) The concern about overeating of energyㆍsaltㆍfat were increased as the educational level goes up(p<0.001). 4) Meal regularity was more regular as age goes up(p<0.05). 5) Regarding for eating a variety of food were differed significantly by age(p<0.05) and educational level(p<0.01). 6) There are significantly different in duration of meal time of the subjects by sex(p<0.001), age(p<0.05) and educational level(p<0.0l). 7) Preference for snacks was significantly different by age (p<0.05) and educational level(p<0.0l). 8) There were significant differences in preference for processed foods(p<0.001) and frequency of using a chemical seasoning in cooking(p<0.05) of the subjects by educational level. 9) As the age(p<0.001) goes up and the educational level(p<0.001) and annual family income(p<0.001) goes down, they did not recognize the necessity for improving eating habits. According to these results, there were differences in eating habits between socioeconomic characteristics group in rural area. Therefore, this study can be used as basic data for specific nutritional intervention program in rural areas.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.4968-4979
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Socioeconomic factors on medical information resources when medical consumer choose inpatient or outpatient services. The target population was 12,249 people aged above 19 in Chungcheongbuk-do. The sample was accrued for the period of 3 months in 2008 by face to face interview of direct visiting from systematic sampling method. There was a significant difference in the use of personal informer and public informer by sex(p<0.001). There was a significant difference in the use of experimental and professional informer by living area(p<0.001). In conclusion, the results suggest that there is relationship between medical information resource and socioeconomic factors of medical consumer.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 2016

Background: Many studies have explained regional disparities in health by socioeconomic status and healthcare resources, focusing on differences between urban and rural area. However some cities in Korea have the highest cardiovascular mortality, even though they have sufficient healthcare resources. So this study aims to confirm three hypotheses. (1) There are also regional health disparities between cities not only between urban and rural area. (2) It has different regional risk factors affecting cardiovascular mortality whether it is urban or rural area. (3) Besides socioeconomic and healthcare resources factors, there are remnant factors that affect regional cardiovascular mortality such as health behavior and physical environment. Methods: The subject of this study is 227 local authorities (si, gun, and gu). They were categorized into city (gu and si consisting of urban area) and non-city (gun consisting of rural area), and the city group was subdivided into 3 parts to reflect relative different city status: city 1 (Seoul, Gyeonggi cities), city 2 (Gwangyeoksi cities), and city 3 (other cities). We compared their mortalities among four groups by using analysis of variance analysis. And we explored what had contributed to it in whole authorities, city and non-city group by using multiple regression analysis. Results: Cardiovascular mortality is highest in city 2 group, lowest in city 1 group and middle in non-city group. Socioeconomic status and current smoking significantly increase mortality regardless of group. Other than those things, in city, there are some factors associated with cardiovascular mortality: walking practice(-), weight control attempt(-), deficiency of sports facilities(+), and high rate of factory lot(+). In non-city, there are other factors different from those of city: obesity prevalence(+), self-perceiving obesity(-), number of public health institutions(-), and road ratio(-). Conclusion: To reduce cardiovascular mortality and it's regional disparities, we need to consider differentiated approach, respecting regional character and different risk factors. Also, it is crucial to strengthen local government's capacity for practicing community health policy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.596-606
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to find out the factors influencing asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis among Korean adolescents. Data of 72,060 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were derived from the 10th Korean youth's risk web-based study, which was conducted in 2014. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that factors influencing asthma was sex, age, BMI, subjective socioeconomic status, smoking, and subjective perception of stress. Factors influencing allergic rhinitis was age, place of residence, subjective socioeconomic status, drinking, and subjective perception of stress. Factors influencing atopic dermatitis was sex, age, subjective socioeconomic status, drinking, and subjective perception of stress. In conclusion, regulatory policy of lifestyle, such as smoking and drinking adversely affect allergy related disease in adolescents strengthening comprehensive prevention education and stress management are probably the two need to be implemented at national side.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.75-97
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• 2004

Objectives: To examine whether the socioeconomic characteristics of communities (contextual effects) are related to the self-rated health of community residents after controlling individual characteristics (compositional effects). Methods: A linked data set including information on individuals from raw data of 1998 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey(KNHNS) and information on the regions where the individuals lived from the socioeconomic statistical indices of Si-Gun-Gu (city-county-ward) in 1998 was established. The contextual factors of communities were generated from these socioeconomic indices through factor analysis. The contextual effects of community over and above the individual characteristics on the self-rated health were investigated using multilevel analysis. Results: The contextual factors of the community expressed as the factor scores have influence on the self-rated health of their residents above the compositional factors. When the communities were categorized into 5 groups (highest, high, middle, low, lowest) according to each of their factor scores, for factor 1 reflecting urbanization reversely, the residents of the communities that had the high, middle, and low factor scores showed significantly poor subjective health status than the residents of the lowest (most urbanized) group. For factor 2 reflecting community services and health resources, the subjective health status of the residents gradually became poorer when the group went from the highest to the lowest, and the low and lowest groups showed a significant difference. For factor 3 reflecting the manufacturing industry, as compared with the communities that have the highest factor scores, the other 4 groups showed significantly poorer subjective health status. And for factor 4 reflecting the scale of the regional government, as compared with the middle group, the rest of the 4 groups showed significantly better self-rated health. Conclusions: There existed regional contextual effects on their residents' health in Korean adults. To make policies tackling these contextual effects possible, more elaborate researches to find more specific factors and to explain the mechanisms of how health is influenced by the contextual factors are needed.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 2005

Objectives: To analyze the relationships of socioeconomic status(SES) to health status and health behaviors in the elderly. Methods: Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaire of 4,587 persons, older than 65 years, living in a community. We measured the sociodemographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, health status (subjective health status, acute disease, admission experience, dental state, chronic disease etc.), activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and mini-mental state examination-Korean (MMSEK). Binary and multinominal logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze factors affecting on the socioeconomic status of the elderly. Results: With regard to the SES and health status, those with a low SES had poorer subjective health states and lower satisfaction about their physical health. Also, acute disease experiences, admission rates and tooth deciduation rates were higher in those of low SES. In the view of physical and cognitive functions, the ADL, IADL and MMSE-K scores were also lower in those of low SES. However, with regard to health behaviors, lower smoking and alcohol drinking rates were found in the low SES group, and a similar trend was shown with regular physical exercise, eating breakfast, and regular physical health check-up. From these findings, we surmise that those with low SES have a poorer health condition and less money to spend on health, therefore, they can not smoke or drink alcohol, exercise and or have a physical health check-up. Conclusion: This study suggests that socioeconomic status plays an important role in health behaviors and status of the elderly. Low socioeconomic status bring about unhealthy behavior and poor health status in the elderly. Therefore, more specific target oriented(esp. low SES persons) health promotion activities for the elderly are very important to improve not only their health status, but their health inequity also.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.11-22
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was to examine the influences of community characteristics on the mortality rates. Community characteristics included socioeconomic environmental characteristics, health care resources, and health lifestyle practice. Methods: This study used secondary data whose units of analyses were 249 administrative districts. Mortality rates were estimated with hierarchical regression models entered in the order of (1) socioeconomic environmental characteristics, (2) health care resources, and (3) health lifestyle practice. Results: About 70% of mortality rate was explained by socioeconomic environmental characteristics, health care resources, and health lifestyle practice. In particular, socioeconomic environmental characteristics showed the strongest impact on mortality rate. Among socioeconomic characteristics, community with lower rate of households headed with college or more, lower number of inhabitants per on-premise license, higher rate of population in poverty, and rural region showed higher mortality rate. Among health care resources, community with higher number of inhabitants per doctor and lower number of inhabitants per hospital bed showed higher mortality rate. Among health lifestyle practice, community with higher current smoking rate and lower moderate physical activity practice rate showed higher mortality rate. Conclusions: The results suggest that policy makers should take into account socioeconomic environmental characteristics of community in developing community-based health promotion rather than focusing on lifestyle changes of residents.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.2667-2676
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• 2013

This study was to examine the relationship between suicidal ideation, depression, stress and their parent's socioeconomic status. Nation-wide representative data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 were used in this study. 904 adolescents with parent were analysed. Parent's socioeconomic status, especially mother's low educational level and the beneficiaries for national basic livelihood security were significant risk factor for adolescents' suicidal ideation. These associations remained significant in multiple logistic regression controlling for all covariates. The findings in the current study support the global literature on the importance of socioeconomic status in promoting adolescent's mental health. Future prevention intervention efforts to improve adolescent's suicide risk will need to take into consideration parent's and household's socioeconomic conditions. Future study is needed to explore the possible proximal risk factors and mediators between parent's socioeconomic status and mental health among adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.39-50
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the factors for self-rated health by gender in South Korean adolescents. Methods: The population consisted of a nationally representative sample of adolescents(n= 37,414 boys, 37,522 girls) in middle and high school who completed the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey(KYRBWS) in 2011. Using logistic regression analysis, self-rated health was regressed on all predictors, including socioeconomic factors, behavioral and psychological factors. All analysis were conducted according to gender. Results: Girls showed more negative self rated health than boys (respectively 28.4%, 40.7%). Adolescent perceptions of health was associated with socioeconomic status, behavioral and psychological factors. Logistic regression analysis revealed that physical activity, body weight perception, despair, level of happiness and stress were the main influencing factors. Conclusions: The findings show that adolescent perceptions of their health are associated with overall sense of functioning, which are associated with health behaviors and psychological factors. Further interventions that focus on improving health behaviors and psychological health may make adolescents more healthy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.444-454
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• 2022

Objectives: We aimed to identify the factors related to depression and quality of life in patients with hypertension by using multilevel regression analysis. Methods: In 2019, 229 043 participants in the Korean Community Health Survey were selected as the study group. Individual factors were identified using data from the 2019 Community Health Survey. Regional factors were identified using data from the National Statistical Office of Korea. Multilevel regression analysis was conducted to find individual and local factors affecting depression and quality of life in patients with hypertension and to determine any associated interactions. Results: As individual factors in patients with hypertension, women, those with lower education-levels, recipients of basic livelihood benefits, and those with poor dietary conditions showed stronger associations with depression and quality of life. As regional factors and individual-level variables in patients with hypertension, lower gross regional personal income, fewer doctors at medical institutions, and lower rates of participation in volunteer activities presented stronger associations with depression and quality of life. In addition, the associations of depression with gross regional personal income, the number of doctors at medical institutions, and dietary conditions were significantly stronger in patients with hypertension than in patients without hypertension. The associations of gender and employment status with quality of life were also significantly greater. Conclusions: Policy interventions are needed to adjust health behaviors, prevent depression, and improve quality of life for patients with hypertension, especially for those with the risk factors identified in this study.