• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3411-3417
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• 2013

Over the last 10 years, the number of cancer survivors in South Korea has reached nearly one million with a survival rate of 49.4%. However, integrated supportive care for cancer survivors is lagging. One area in which the current cancer control policy needs updating is in the utilization of information and communication technology (ICT). The remarkable progress in the field of ICT over the past 10 years presents exciting new opportunities for health promotion. Recent communication innovations are conducive to the exchange of meta-information, giving rise to a new service area and transforming patients into active medical consumers. Consequently, such innovations encourage active participation in the mutual utilization and sharing of high-quality information. However, these benefits from new ICTs will almost certainly not be equally available to all, leading to so-called communication inequalities where cancer survivors from lower socioeconomic classes will likely have more limited access to the best means of making use of the health information. Therefore, most essentially, emphasis must be placed on helping cancer survivors and their caregivers utilize such advances in ICT to create a more efficient flow of health information, thereby reducing communication inequalities and expanding social support. Once we enhance access to health information and better manage the quality of information, as a matter of fact, we can expect an alleviation of the health inequalities faced by cancer survivors.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2013

Purpose: The study was done to explore relationships between residential areas and smoking rates and to identify related factors contributing to smoking in Korea adolescents. Methods: An analysis was done of smoking rates and socioeconomic position indicators by city size based on a 2012 cross-sectional nationwide online survey conducted with 74,186 Korean middle and high school students aged 12-18 years old. Data were analyzed using x2-test and multiple logistic regression with the SPSS/WIN18.0 program. Results: Analyses revealed that rural boys were more likely to be current smokers compared to metropolitan boys (odds ratio 1.18, 95%-confidence interval 1.01; 1.38) but residential areas and smoking rates among girls were not related. After adjusting for covariates, results showed that city size, Family affluence score, economic status, parents' education level, living with parents, school type, and school achievement were related to increased an proportion of adolescents who smoked. Conclusion: In conclusion, rural living is a determinant of smoking among boys. Tobacco control programs should recognize differences in living conditions between rural and urban areas.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.319-329
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• 2015

Objectives: Parental socioeconomic status (SES) exerts a substantial influence on children's health. The purpose of this study was to examine factors determining children's private health insurance (PHI) enrolment and children's healthcare utilization according to PHI coverage. Methods: Korea Health Panel data from 2011 (n=3085) was used to explore the factors determining PHI enrolment in children younger than 15 years of age. A logit model contained health status and SES variables for both children and parents. A fixed effects model identified factors influencing healthcare utilization in children aged 10 years or younger, using 2008 to 2011 panel data (n=9084). Results: The factors determining children's PHI enrolment included children's age and sex and parents' educational status, employment status, and household income quintile. PHI exerted a significant effect on outpatient cost, inpatient cost, and number of admissions. Number of outpatient visits and total length of stay were not affected by PHI status. The interaction between PHI and age group increased outpatient cost significantly. Conclusions: Children's PHI enrolment was influenced by parents' SES, while healthcare utilization was affected by health and disability status. Therefore, the results of this study suggest disparities in healthcare utilization according to PHI enrollment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2021

ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) was established in 2015 from 10 countries to realize the ultimate (adopted in 1997), which aimed to transform ASEAN into a stable, prosperous, and highly competitive region with equitable economic development, reduced poverty, and socioeconomic disparities. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of knowledge level on the AEC of Vietnamese small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the textile and apparel industry towards attitudes, readiness, and performance. This study uses convenience sampling to get questionnaires from 150 SMEs in Hanoi, Vietnam. Then, the paper applies SPSS-AMOS 24 to process data. The empirical results show that AEC's implementation only has a small impact on improving SME performance. However, SMEs have adequate knowledge, attitude, and readiness about AEC. The structural modeling findings indicate that the knowledge factor has an indirect effect on SMEs' performance. This finding is to provide new insight into the roles of attitude and readiness in the case of Vietnam. These factors are needed to mediate the effect of attitudes and readiness in the relationship between knowledge and business performance, a framework strategy of business organizations, and can be used as a conceptual model to improve SMEs' performance.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2024

Purpose: This study explores the impact of discrimination experience on stress levels among Seoul's public housing complex residents, emphasizing the moderating role of social capital. Research design, data and methodology: Utilizing the 2019 Seoul public housing (PH) panel data and an ordered logit model, the research categorizes residents based on personal and environmental factors, contrasting them across different local housing price levels. Results: We find that public housing residents' experience of discrimination has a significant impact on stress, and local housing prices are positively related to stress. Interestingly, stress due to discrimination is more pronounced in high-priced neighborhoods, which are associated with real estate inequality. Conversely, this impact is less pronounced in lower-priced neighborhoods. Importantly, social capital not only has a significant moderating effect on stress for all residents, but in high-priced neighborhoods, it also moderates the stress caused by experiences of discrimination for social housing residents. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for policy interventions to strengthen social capital and address socioeconomic disparities in public housing, and are significant for analyzing the nuanced relationship between neighborhood, housing affordability, discrimination, and stress in urban communities for public housing residents, which is a socially problematic issue.

• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.1026-1033
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• 2018

Purpose: Consistent evidence indicates that cervical and breast cancer screening rates are low among socioeconomically deprived women. This study aimed to assess trends in cervical and breast cancer screening rates and to analyze socioeconomic inequalities among Korean women from 2005 to 2015. Materials and Methods: Data from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, an annual nationwide cross-sectional survey, were utilized. A total of 19910 women were finally included for analysis. Inequalities in education and household income status were estimated by slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII), along with calculation of annual percent changes (APCs), to show trends in cancer screening rates. Results: Cervical and breast cancer screening rates increased from 54.8% in 2005 to 65.6% in 2015 and from 37.6% in 2005 to 61.2% in 2015, respectively. APCs in breast cancer screening rates were significant among women with higher levels of household income and education status. Inequalities by household income in cervical cancer screening uptake were observed with a pooled SII estimate of 10.6% (95% CI: 8.1 to 13.2) and RII of 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3 to 1.6). Income inequalities in breast cancer screening were shown to gradually increase over time with a pooled SII of 5.9% (95% CI: 2.9 to 9.0) and RII of 1.2 (95% CI: 0.9 to 1.3). Educational inequalities appeared to diminish over the study period for both cervical and breast cancer screening. Conclusion: Our study identified significant inequalities among socioeconomically deprived women in cervical and breast cancer screening in Korea. Especially, income-related inequalities were greater than education-related inequalities, and these were constant from 2005 to 2015 for both cervical and breast cancer screening.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2013

이 연구에서는 위암검진 참여 현황을 파악하고, 수검률에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 사회경제상태 지표인 소득, 교육수준과 위암 수검률의 관련성을 알아보고자 하였다. 이 연구는 2009년과 2010년 전라남도 지역사회 건강조사 자료를 이용하였으며 40세부터 69세까지 21,220명을 대상으로 분석하였다. 사회경제상태와 위암 수검률과의 관련성은 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연령별 암 수검률은 40대 52.1%, 50대 63.7%, 60대 67.3%로 연령에 따라 증가하였다. 교육 수준이 높을수록 위암 수검률에 대한 교차비는 증가하였다(무학을 포함한 초등학교 졸업을 기준으로 중학교 졸업 OR=1.21; 95% CI=1.07-1.37, 고등학교 졸업 이상 OR=1.41; 95% CI=1.26-1.58). 또한 소득이 높을수록 위암 수검률에 대한 교차비도 증가하였다(2사분위 OR=1.14; 95% CI=1.02-1.28, 3사분위 OR=1.30; 95% CI=1.13-1.48, 4사분위 OR=1.62; 95% CI=1.44-1.84). 소득수준에 따른 위암 검진율은 연령대에 따라 다른 양상을 보였다. 이러한 차이는 40대에서 가장 높았다(40대 2사분위 OR=1.26; 95% CI=1.03-1.54, 3사분위 OR=1.49; 95% CI=1.20-1.86, 4사분위 OR=2.03; 95% CI=1.65-2.50, p for interaction=0.05). 낮은 사회경제상태는 낮은 위암 수검률과 관련이 있었으며, 특히 40대에서 사회경제상태에 따른 위암 수검률 차이가 크게 나타났다. 사회경제상태에 따른 위암 수검률 격차를 줄이기 위해서는 연령대별로 검진 형평성 달성을 위한 정책적, 환경적 지원이 요구될 것으로 보인다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2014

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 5기(2010~2012년) 원시자료를 이용하여 사회경제적 수준에 따른 주관적 구강건강 상태의 차이와 관련성을 분석하기 위하여 실시되었다. 주관적 구강건강 수준을 '좋다'와 '나쁘다'로 분류하여 사회경제적 수준이 건강불평등에 미치는 요인을 분해하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 주관적 구강건강 상태는 남자에 비해 여자가 구강건강을 좋지 않다고 인식하는 것으로 나타났으며, 연령 증가 시 본인의 구강건강을 나쁘게 인식하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 교육수준이 낮을수록, 가구소득이 낮을수록 주관적 구강건강상태를 나쁘다고 자가 평가하는 경향을 보였다. 로지스틱회귀분석을 활용하여 주관적 구강건강 상태에 대한 영향 요인을 분석한 결과 사회계층에 따른 건강상의 차이는 남자에 비해서 여자에서 자신의 구강건강수준을 더 건강하게 인지할 확률이 높아지고 있으며 교육수준이 높을수록 건강하게 인지할 가능성이 높았다. 소득수준에 따른 주관적 건강수준에 대한 인식의 격차는 소득증가에 따라 더 심화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 살펴보면 구강건강에 사회계층별 불평등은 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 전체 국민의 구강건강을 증진하는 사업은 물론 사회 양극화에 따른 사회계층별 구강건강의 격차를 해소하기 위해 상대적으로 격차가 큰 취약계층에 적절한 정책적 지원이 고려되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.76-89
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• 2014

건강 증진, 기후변화 적응 및 완화 등 도시공원의 역할과 기능은 확장하고 있으나, 확장된 기능을 어떻게 분배할 것인가에 대한 문제는 상대적으로 관심이 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 중앙정부 및 지방자치단체의 도시공원 정책개발 및 집행 과정에 도시공원의 다기능성과 분배적 형평성을 반영하기 위해 녹색복지 개념을 제안한다. 녹색복지 관점에서 서울시 생활권 도시공원(NUP)의 분배적 형평성 차이를 분석하기 위해 관련 이론 및 선행연구 고찰을 통해 공원복지 지표를 선정하였다. 분석방법은 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 상관분석, 군집분석을 실시하였다. 녹색복지는 사회경제적 지위에 관계없이 생애주기별 시민 모두가 건강 증진과 기후변화로 인한 환경위험으로부터 안전할 수 있는 녹색 서비스 전달과정에 참여하고 공정한 혜택을 누리는 것으로 정의했다. 분석결과 서울시는 자치구별 사회 경제 환경적 지위에 따라 1인당 NUP 면적에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 1인당 NUP 면적과 상관관계가 있는 공원복지 지표는 인구밀도(-), 65세 이상 고령인구 비율(+), 재정자립도(+), 홍수 및 대기오염 취약성(-)인 것으로 분석되었다. 군집분석 결과 공원복지 수준에 차이가 있는 3개의 군집이 도출되었고, 이를 통해 녹색복지 관점에서 서울시 NUP는 불균형적으로 공급되어 있음을 알 수 있다. 서울시의 향후 도시공원 정책은 양적 확충을 넘어 공원이 지닌 기능의 공정한 분배가 요구되며, 이는 공원서비스의 수요자인 지역주민과 지역사회가 우선적으로 고려되어야 하겠다.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.105-145
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• 2015

Science, technology and innovation (STI) is crucially important to eradicating poverty, and making advances in various areas such as agriculture, health, environment, transport, industry, and telecommunications. Therefore, it is vital to the overall socioeconomic development of nations. The indispensable role of STI in the competitive globalized economy led to several attempts to measure national STI capacities. The present study outlines STI capacity around three sets of capabilities: technological capabilities, social capabilities, and common capabilities. The Global Science, Technology and Innovation Capacity (GSTIC) index was developed to provide current evidence on the national STI capacities of the countries, and to improve the composite indicators used for such purposes. The GSTIC ranks a large number of countries (167) on the basis of their STI capacities and categories them into four groups: i.e. leaders, dynamic adopters, slow adopters, and laggards. For more meaningful assessment of the STI capacities of nations, it captures the achievement gaps of individual countries with the highest achiever. The study also provides ranking and achievement gaps of nations in the nine GSTIC pillars: technology creation, R&D capacity, R&D performance, technology absorption, diffusion of old technologies, diffusion of recent innovations, exposure to foreign technology, human capital, and enabling factors. A more detailed analysis of the strengths and weaknesses in different pillars of STI capacity of ten selected countries is also provided. The results show that there are significant disparities among nations in STI capacity and its various aspects, and developing countries have much to catch-up with the developed nations. However, different countries may adopt different strategies according to their strengths and weaknesses. Useful insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the national STI capacities of different countries are provided in the study.